RESUMEN
Angiosarcomas (AS) are a diverse group of soft tissue sarcomas, arising from blood and lymphatic vessels. They frequently present in the elderly, and in patients with previous radiation or lymphedema. A wide range of genetic derangements contribute to their development, and AS histology is often high-grade in keeping with aggressive disease biology. The clinical presentation, while often innocuous, is marked by its infiltrative and aggressive nature, with a proclivity for metastatic spread, and outcomes are often poor. Surgery is performed for localized, resectable cases. A multidisciplinary approach, appropriately employing surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, or potentially recently approved immune-oncology agents, can result in positive outcomes.
Asunto(s)
Hemangiosarcoma/terapia , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/prevención & control , Grupo de Atención al Paciente , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapéutico , Vasos Sanguíneos/patología , Vasos Sanguíneos/efectos de la radiación , Quimioterapia Adyuvante , Ensayos Clínicos Fase II como Asunto , Hemangiosarcoma/genética , Hemangiosarcoma/mortalidad , Hemangiosarcoma/patología , Humanos , Vasos Linfáticos/patología , Vasos Linfáticos/efectos de la radiación , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/epidemiología , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/genética , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/patología , Supervivencia sin Progresión , Radioterapia Adyuvante , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos OperativosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To operationalize the surgical core competencies by using a qualitative inquiry strategy to explore how surgical competence is behaviorally demonstrated by faculty. DESIGN: Categorical general and vascular surgery residents completed a survey soliciting opinions regarding which faculty were deemed most representative of each core competency. The surveys served as a theoretical sample, as surgeons selected were then interviewed, and interviews transcribed. A qualitative research approach using grounded theory coding methods was used for transcript analysis. Iterative coding was performed, and emergent themes were then extracted from transcript analysis. SETTING: Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Department of Surgery in Springfield, IL, a tertiary academic center. PARTICIPANTS: Fourteen of 19 residents completed the survey (74% response rate). Two surgeons were selected for each competency. A total of 7 interviews were performed, with 4 surgeons being chosen for 2 competencies. RESULTS: Emergent themes revealed that competent surgeons shared qualities that drove their development and execution of each competency. These qualities included self-awareness, a selfless character, responsibility and ownership, context awareness, reliance on relationships and community, and a pattern of habit formation and discipline. Additionally, the competencies were noted to be pursued in an interrelated and interdependent fashion. CONCLUSIONS: Surgeons deemed competent in any core domain shared common qualities. Further study exploring how each of these is identified, developed and taught is warranted. The competencies are an inter-related matrix whose development and execution correlates with foundational personal disciplines.
Asunto(s)
Internado y Residencia , Competencia Clínica , Teoría Fundamentada , Humanos , Illinois , Investigación Cualitativa , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: We hypothesized that patients with cT1N0 esophageal cancer undergoing local excision would have lower survival compared with esophagectomy due to potential discordant staging. BACKGROUND: Local excision has become an attractive alternative for management of early esophageal cancer, avoiding the morbidity of esophagectomy. It is uncertain if occult nodal metastasis impacts survival. METHODS: An observational study was conducted using the National Cancer Database (1998-2012) for patients with clinical T1N0 esophageal cancer who underwent local excision (n = 1625) or esophagectomy (n = 3255). RESULTS: The proportion of patients undergoing local excision increased from 12% in 1998 to 50% in 2012 (P < 0.001). After esophagectomy, 61% of cT1N0 cancers had concordant clinical and pathological staging, with 5.2% having positive nodal disease; 37% were staged concordant after local excision, with excess missing data (60%). Ninety-day mortality was 7.4% after esophagectomy compared with 2.8% after local excision (P < 0.001). While no significant difference was seen in unadjusted survival, adjusted Cox regression analysis indicated worse survival after esophagectomy compared with local excision for all cases [hazard ratio (HR) 1.57, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.27-1.95] and for patients with concordant staging (HR 1.68, 95% CI 1.23-2.28). CONCLUSIONS: Local excision for cT1N0 esophageal cancer has increased over time. Contrary to our hypothesis, despite incomplete nodal staging, patients undergoing local excision have favorable survival, particularly in the adenocarcinoma subgroup. This may reflect early differences in mortality due to differences in procedure-related complications and/or selection bias. As this study has limited power to compare outcomes between T1a and T1b cancers, further analysis is warranted.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Esofágicas/mortalidad , Esofagectomía/estadística & datos numéricos , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Medición de Riesgo/métodos , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Neoplasias Esofágicas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Esofágicas/cirugía , Esofagoscopía , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Retrospectivos , Tasa de Supervivencia/tendencias , Resultado del Tratamiento , Estados Unidos/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Obesity is an established risk factor for pancreatic adenocarcinoma. No study has examined specifically the influence of obesity on malignant risk in patients with intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN), a group at substantial risk of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. We hypothesize that obesity is associated with a greater frequency of malignancy in IPMN. METHODS: Data on patients undergoing resection for IPMN between 1992 and 2012 at a high-volume university institution were collected prospectively. Clinicopathologic and demographic parameters were reviewed. Patients were classified according to World Health Organization categories of body mass index (BMI). Malignancy was defined as high-grade dysplastic or invasive IPMN. RESULTS: We collected data on 357 patients who underwent resection for IPMN. Of these, 274 had complete data for calculation of preoperative BMI and 31% had malignant IPMN. Of 254 patients with a BMI of <35 kg/m(2), 30% had malignant IPMN versus 50% in patients with BMI of ≥35 (P = .08). In branch-duct IPMN, patients with a BMI of <35 had 12% of malignant IPMN compared with 46% in severely obese patients (P = .01). Alternatively, in main-duct IPMN, no difference was found in the malignancy rate (48% vs 56%; P = .74). CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that obesity is associated with an increased frequency of malignancy in branch-duct IPMN. Obesity is a potentially modifiable risk factor that may influence oncologic risk stratification, patient counseling, and surveillance strategy.