RESUMEN
AIM: This paper reports the findings of a literature review in answer to the research question: "What are the strengths and weaknesses of the existing research into the experience of prenatal alcohol exposure and Foetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder in Indigenous communities?" METHOD: MEDLINE (Ovid), psychINFO, CINAHL Plus and Web of Science, EMBASE, Informit databases were searched using key words to identify relevant literature. Given the anticipated scarcity of research relevant to our study, no geographic or chronologic limitations were placed on the searches. Studies which were solely descriptive were excluded, but reviews were included. The data analysis was informed by a Kaupapa Maori positioning and the 'CONSIDER' statement on reporting of health research involving Indigenous people. RESULTS: Thirty-four papers met the inclusion criteria. Four main categories of papers were found: protocols/methods development, evaluation of interventions to reduce alcohol-exposed pregnancy, research seeking to understand alcohol use in pregnancy and interventions to improve the experience of people with FASD and their families. Indigenous peoples of Australia, Canada and North America were the participants of the papers found in this review, with only one research study found from Aotearoa New Zealand. CONCLUSION: The existing literature on FASD in Indigenous communities internationally is heavily skewed towards the development and evaluation of interventions to reduce alcohol-exposed pregnancies. There is also a focus on studies which aim to understand and describe the variables which lead to alcohol use among Indigenous communities, and the relationship with alcohol use in the perinatal period. In the last ten years, a number of protocols/methods development for FASD-related interventions in Indigenous communities have been published. There is one published study from Aotearoa in the scientific literature into the experience of Maori with FASD.
Asunto(s)
Trastornos del Espectro Alcohólico Fetal , Efectos Tardíos de la Exposición Prenatal , Femenino , Humanos , Pueblos Indígenas , Nativos de Hawái y Otras Islas del Pacífico , Nueva Zelanda/epidemiología , EmbarazoRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: If electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) are to bring public health benefits, members of population groups most affected by smoking must find them an easily adopted and satisfying replacement for smoking. We explored experiences of ENDS uptake and use among Maori and Pacific peoples living in New Zealand and probed factors that assisted transitions from smoking to vaping. METHODS: We recruited 16 participants using whanaungatanga and community advertising. All were aged 18 or over, identified as Maori or Pacific (or both), had smoked at least 100 cigarettes, and were current ENDS users. We undertook in-depth interviews and analyzed the data using a thematic analysis approach. RESULTS: We identified two key challenges that participants reported facing: their search for a satisfying ENDS experience and resisting social cues that could trigger relapse. Two supportive factors facilitated and reinforced smoking to vaping transitions: improved financial and physical well-being, and feeling connected to vaping communities. CONCLUSION: Learning about ENDS devices from those who had successfully switched from smoking to vaping provided much-needed information, reinforced the financial benefits of switching, and could inspire those making this transition to persist until they too become smoke free. IMPLICATIONS: Measures to support transitions from smoking to ENDS use could reduce inequities in smoking prevalence that indigenous people experience. Collective cessation interventions that draw on communities' knowledge and connections may enable smokers to access support that helps them navigate the potentially complex pathway from smoking to vaping.