RESUMEN
The purpose of this study was to investigate possible alterations in acid-base balance parameters and the coagulation profile in neonatal diarrheic calves. Twenty neonatal diarrheic and 20 clinically healthy neonatal calves aged between 1 week to 10 days were used. All blood samples were taken on the third day from the onset of diarrhea symptom. Venous blood samples were collected from each animal to determine platelet numbers, pH, pCO2, pO2, HCO(3-), BE, O2SAT, ctCO2 and electrolytes (K+, Na+ and Cl(-)). Plasma samples were collected from each animal for the measurement of prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT), the concentrations of fibrinogen, D-dimer and the activity of antithrombin III (AT III). Blood pH (7.19), BE (-10.6 mmol/l), HCO3(-) (25.15 mmol/l), pO2 (3.33 kPa), O2SAT (24.12 %) were significantly lower and serum concentration of K+ (6.55 mmol/l) was significantly higher in diarrheic calves. These changes indicate the state of uncompensated metabolic acidosis with accompanying hyperkalemia. TT (32.05s) and APTT (39.9s) values were more prolonged in calves with diarrhea than in the control group. D-dimer (587.25 microg/l) concentrations were significantly increased while a visible drop in AT III (103.75%) activity and platelets counts (598 x10(9)/l) were observed in diarrheic group of calves. The results suggest that a consumptive type of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) developed in diarrheic calves.
Asunto(s)
Equilibrio Ácido-Base/fisiología , Coagulación Sanguínea/fisiología , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/sangre , Diarrea/veterinaria , Animales , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Bovinos , Diarrea/sangre , Diarrea/metabolismo , Humanos , Recién NacidoRESUMEN
The acid-base equilibrium is closely linked to gas exchange in the lungs, and respiratory exchange ratios are used to evaluate respiratory effectiveness and tissue oxygen levels. Acid-base indicators are determined in both arterial and venous blood samples. This study compares the usefulness of acid-base indicators of venous and arterial blood in monitoring the condition of horses with recurrent airway obstruction. Prior to treatment involving bronchodilating glucocorticoids, expectorant and mucolytic drugs, more pronounced changes were observed in venous blood (pH 7.283, pCO2 61.92 mmHg, pO2 35.541 mmHg, HCO3- 31.933 mmHg, BE 2.933 mmol/l, O2SAT 58.366%, ctCO2 38.333 mmol/l) than in arterial blood (pH 7.309, pCO2 53.478 mmHg, pO2 90.856 mmHg, HCO3- 28.50 mmHg, BE 3.133 mmol/l, O2SAT 93.375%, ctCO2 31.652 mmol/l), indicating compensated respiratory acidosis. The improvement of respiratory efficiency minimized acidosis symptoms in both venous blood (pH 7.365, pCO2 43.55 mmHg, pO2 47.80 mmHg, HCO3 30.325 mmHg, BE 3.050 mmol/l, O2SAT 80.10%, ctCO2 29.80 mmol/l) and arterial blood (pH 7.375, pCO2 39.268 mmHg, pO2 98.476 mmHg, HCO3- 26.651 mmHg, BE 4.956 mmol/l, O2SAT 98.475%, ctCO2 28.131 mmol/l). Venous blood parameters were marked by greater deviations from mean values, both before and after treatment. Acid-base indicators determined in venous blood are indicative of respiratory disturbances, but they do not support a comprehensive evaluation of gas exchange in the lungs.
Asunto(s)
Equilibrio Ácido-Base/fisiología , Enfermedades de los Caballos/sangre , Enfermedades Pulmonares Obstructivas/veterinaria , Acetilcisteína/administración & dosificación , Acetilcisteína/uso terapéutico , Animales , Antiinflamatorios/administración & dosificación , Antiinflamatorios/uso terapéutico , Broncodilatadores/administración & dosificación , Broncodilatadores/uso terapéutico , Dexametasona/administración & dosificación , Dexametasona/uso terapéutico , Expectorantes/administración & dosificación , Expectorantes/uso terapéutico , Enfermedades de los Caballos/metabolismo , Caballos , Ipratropio/administración & dosificación , Ipratropio/uso terapéutico , Enfermedades Pulmonares Obstructivas/sangre , Enfermedades Pulmonares Obstructivas/metabolismoRESUMEN
This study investigated changes in the coagulation profile of 10 healthy female dogs subjected to ovariohysterectomy. Blood samples were collected three times--before, directly after and 24 h after surgery. Plasma samples were analyzed to determine thrombin time (TT), prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), fibrinogen content, D-dimer content and antithrombin (AT) III activity. The results revealed post-operative haemostatic system disorders related to prolonged APTT, higher fibrinogen and D-dimer concentrations and lower levels of AT III activity.
Asunto(s)
Coagulación Sanguínea/fisiología , Perros/sangre , Histerectomía/veterinaria , Ovariectomía/veterinaria , Animales , FemeninoRESUMEN
General equine anesthesia is accompanied by the risk of complications and even death. The majority of general anesthetics used in veterinary practice lead to arterial hypotension, decreased capillary perfusion and ventilatory depression leading to pathological changes referred to as postanesthetic myopathy. In this study an attempt was made to analyze changes in the perioperative and postoperative acid-base equilibrium and blood enzymatic activity in horses, subject to the intensity of the applied fluid therapy. The horses were divided into two groups: I--administered Ringer's solution during surgery at a dose of 6-10 ml/kg BW/h, II--Ringer's solution administered at a dose of 12-15 ml/kg BW/h. The results of the study indicate that use of hydrating fluid infusions during general anesthesia, including infusions without hypertensive substances, minimizes the risk of myocyte damage due to disturbances in local and general blood circulation.
Asunto(s)
Anestesia General/veterinaria , Análisis de los Gases de la Sangre/veterinaria , Enzimas/sangre , Caballos/sangre , Soluciones Isotónicas/administración & dosificación , Soluciones Isotónicas/farmacología , Animales , Presión Sanguínea , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Electrólitos/administración & dosificación , Electrólitos/farmacología , Femenino , Masculino , Enfermedades Musculares/etiología , Enfermedades Musculares/prevención & control , Enfermedades Musculares/veterinaria , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/prevención & control , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/veterinaria , Solución de RingerRESUMEN
The purpose of this study was to determine changes in coagulation profile parameters in cattle with left abomasal displacement (LAD). The study was performed on 20 Holstein-Friesian (H-F) cows divided into two groups: group I--10 cows with diagnosed left abomasal displacement and group II--10 clinically healthy cows. Coagulation tests, including TT (thrombin time), PT (prothrombin time) and APTT (activated partial thromboplastin time), were conducted, and fibrinogen content, D-dimer content, AT III (antithrombin III) activity and platelet (PLT) count were determined in all the animals. Prolonged TT, PT and APTT, a higher fibrinogen and D-dimer content, a drop in AT III activity and thrombocyte count were observed in the cattle with LAD. The above abnormal coagulation profiles were most predominant in three cows which died after surgical repositioning of the abomasum. The results of the study indicate that in cattle with abomasal displacement, the disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) syndrome was the most significant risk factor for mortality.
Asunto(s)
Abomaso/patología , Coagulación Sanguínea/fisiología , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/sangre , Tiempo de Tromboplastina Parcial/veterinaria , Tiempo de Protrombina/veterinaria , Gastropatías/veterinaria , Animales , Bovinos , Coagulación Intravascular Diseminada/mortalidad , Coagulación Intravascular Diseminada/veterinaria , Femenino , Factores de Riesgo , Gastropatías/sangreRESUMEN
The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of propofol on acid-base balance and ionic composition of arterial and venous blood in clinically healthy goats. The experiment was performed on ten adult goats. Propofol was administered intravenously at bolus dose of 6 mg/kg bw. The heart and breath rate, acid-base balance (pH, pCO2, pO2, HCO3-, BE, O2SAT, ctCO2) and ionic composition (Na+, K+, Cl-) of arterial and venous blood were measured before injection and 3, 6 and 15 min. after. The propofol infusion induced increase of heart rate, decrease of breath rate and compensated respiratory acidosis in venous and arterial blood. It was found that changes of acid-base balance parameters in arterial blood arose faster than in venous blood. The levels of sodium and chloride ions in both types of blood were similar, whereas the level of potassium ions was higher in venous blood during entire experiment.
Asunto(s)
Equilibrio Ácido-Base/efectos de los fármacos , Anestésicos Intravenosos/farmacología , Cloruros/sangre , Potasio/sangre , Propofol/farmacología , Sodio/sangre , Animales , CabrasRESUMEN
The aim of the present study was to compare the acid-base balance parameters of arterial, venous and capillary blood in clinically healthy goats, and to determine the electrolyte content of venous and arterial blood. The experiment was performed on ten adult goats. It was found that the acid-base balance parameters of venous blood differed from those of arterial blood, whereas the parameters of capillary and arterial blood were similar. The levels of sodium and chloride ions in arterial and venous blood were similar, whereas the level of potassium ions was higher in venous blood.
Asunto(s)
Sangre/metabolismo , Cabras/sangre , Animales , Arterias , Capilares , Cloruros/sangre , Femenino , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Masculino , Potasio/sangre , Valores de Referencia , Sodio/sangre , VenasRESUMEN
Colic in horses very often induces changes in the coagulation system causing the development of disseminated intravascular clotting. It is promoted by blood concentration and an increase in exposition of coagulation activators with a simultaneous decrease in coagulation inhibitors activity, mainly antithrombin III. Progressing blood platelets aggregation supports production of microthromboses and plugging capillary vessels. The progression of this processes causes complications in basic disease and becomes the reason for therapeutic failure. Determination of coagulation system indexes such as the number of platelets, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, thrombin time, concentration of fibrinogen and fibrinogen degradation products, and D-dimmer and antithrombin III contents enables diagnosis and facilitates appropriate therapy of colic in horses.
Asunto(s)
Coagulación Sanguínea , Cólico/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Caballos/sangre , Animales , Cólico/sangre , CaballosRESUMEN
The dysfunction of muscles, especially that of the cardiac muscle, is one of the most dangerous for the life pathological states. The determination of biochemical indexes such as AST, ALT, CK, LDH, mioglobin, etc., which has been used so far in animals is not a sufficient diagnostic method. Therefore, new markers, levels of which could reflect the state of a patient more precisely, have been sought. Troponin, a protein found in skeletal and cardiac muscles only, has been considered a reliable index of myocardial ischemia in animals, especially in dogs. Its diagnostic properties have appeared to be a valuable complementation of the other diagnostic methods and thus could have gained a lot of veterinary practitioners interest.