RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To develop a murine in vivo bioassay that is sensitive to inherent variability of hMG. DESIGN: Female F1 hybrid mice were mated after injection with fixed dosages of each of four lots of hMG. Oocytes/embryos were collected and monitored during 5 days of culture. Outcome measures were compared with retrospective outcomes of ovarian stimulation of women with the same hMG lots. The bioassay was then used to compare biopotencies of six different lots of hMG. SETTING: Center for assisted reproductive technology. INTERVENTIONS: None. PATIENTS: Outcomes of controlled ovarian stimulation and IVF were retrospectively analyzed from 43 patients. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Numbers of oocytes/embryos recovered, numbers fertilized, and numbers progressing beyond fertilization. RESULTS: Differences in biopotencies of hMG lots in the murine in vivo bioassay were consistent with differences in outcomes of patients treated with the same hMG lots during controlled ovarian stimulation. Bioassay outcomes also differed between different lots of hMG. CONCLUSION: The bioassay described in this study is sensitive to between-lot differences in hMG that affect follicle recruitment and oocyte quality in women (and in mice). In this respect, the bioassay could be of value in screening hMG lots, before its exploitation in a patient population. One such application is explored.
Asunto(s)
Menotropinas/farmacología , Menotropinas/normas , Oocitos/citología , Folículo Ovárico/fisiología , Animales , Bioensayo , Blastocisto , Recuento de Células , Femenino , Fertilización In Vitro , Hormona Folículo Estimulante/análisis , Humanos , México , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C3H , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Folículo Ovárico/efectos de los fármacos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Estados Unidos , CigotoRESUMEN
Sleep organisation in eight young [mean (SD); 20.9 (2.6) years] Peruvian high-altitude residents was studied in a laboratory in Cerro de Pasco at 4300 m. Electroencephalograms, electromyograms, electro-oculograms, electrocardiograms, respiratory movements and arterial oxygen saturation were recorded on an 8-channel Medilog recorder and analysed later in England. Haematocrits ranged from 48% to 64% [57.9 (5.6)%]. The amount of slow wave rapid eye movement (REM) sleep was similar to that reported in young lowlanders sleeping at sea level but very different to the disturbed sleep in visitors sleeping at high altitude. All the Peruvians showed episodes of periodic breathing and respiratory apnoeas [29 (15) night-1] resulting in marked arterial oxygen desaturation [81 (4.5)%; changes of 6 (2.5)%]. These events occurred either during stage 2 or REM sleep and were more frequent in those with lower haematocrits. The amount of wakefulness during the night was 2-3 times greater than would be expected in an age-matched lowland population at sea level. The awakenings were strongly associated with apnoeas (P < 0.02) but were negatively correlated with haematocrit, although this was only significant for seven of the subjects (P < 0.05).
Asunto(s)
Altitud , Respiración/fisiología , Adulto , Femenino , Hematócrito , Humanos , Masculino , Oxígeno/sangre , Perú , Polisomnografía , Sueño/fisiología , Síndromes de la Apnea del Sueño/fisiopatología , Sueño REM/fisiologíaRESUMEN
The structure of sleep in lowland visitors to altitudes greater than 4000 m is grossly disturbed. There are no data on sleep in long-term residents of high altitudes. This paper describes an electroencephalographic study of sleep in high altitude dwellers who were born in and are permanent residents of Cerro de Pasco in the Peruvian Andes, situated at 4330 m. Eight healthy male volunteers aged between 18 and 69 years were studied. Sleep was measured on three consecutive nights for each subject. Electroencephalographs, submental electromyographs and electro-oculograms were recorded. Only data from the third night were used in the analysis. The sleep patterns of these subjects resembled the normal sleep patterns described by others in lowlanders at sea level. There were significant amounts of slow wave sleep in the younger subjects and rapid eye movement sleep seemed unimpaired.