RESUMEN
Low abrasive air polishing powders are a viable method for subgingival biofilm removal. This in vitro study evaluated the effects of air polishing using a standard tip on cementum following clinically recommended protocols. Forty-eight teeth were randomly divided into eight groups with six teeth per group. Teeth were treated using either a Hu-Friedy EMS or DENTSPLY Cavitron® air polishing device. One of three glycine powders (Air-flow 25 µm, Clinpro 45 µm, Clinpro+TCP 45 µm) or a sodium bicarbonate powder (NaHCO3 85 µm) was sprayed on cementum using a clinically relevant sweeping motion. Volume and depth of cementum removed after 5 and 90 s exposures were calculated. Surface texture was evaluated using SEMs taken following the last exposure. After 5 s exposures, neither unit nor powder had a substantial effect on volume loss or defect depth. After 90 s exposures, differences between powders existed only for the DENTSPLY unit (p < 0.0001). Pairwise comparisons for this unit revealed mean volume loss and maximum defect depth were greater for NaHCO3 85 µm than the glycine powders (p < 0.0001). The 90 s exposure produced greater mean volume loss and defect depth for all powders (p < 0.0001). SEM images revealed dentinal tubule exposure with all powders; however, exposed tubules were larger and more prevalent for NaHCO3 85 µm. Root surface loss was similar for glycine powders evaluated in this study. Differences in powder performance between units may be related to tip apertures and spray patterns. Additional research is needed to determine if cementum loss is greater than what occurs with conventional biofilm removal methods, such as curets and ultrasonic scalers.
Asunto(s)
Cemento Dental/efectos de los fármacos , Pulido Dental/instrumentación , Glicina/uso terapéutico , Polvos/uso terapéutico , Biopelículas , Cemento Dental/ultraestructura , Humanos , Técnicas In Vitro , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo , Distribución Aleatoria , Bicarbonato de Sodio/uso terapéutico , Propiedades de SuperficieRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: In 2003, the Minnesota legislature revised the Dental Practice Act to include restorative procedures in the scope of practice for registered dental assistants (RDAs) and registered dental hygienists (RDHs). The authors examined these practitioners' characteristics and made comparisons on the basis of their use of restorative function (RF) training and their practices' locations. They also examined practice type, models of implementation and perceived outcomes. METHODS: The authors mailed a survey to all RF-certified RDAs and RDHs in Minnesota (N = 387). They used descriptive statistics to summarize the data and t tests and Fisher exact tests (P <.0001) to make comparisons between groups. RESULTS: The authors received 243 surveys (63 percent). Less than one-half (38 percent) of the RF-certified practitioners performed RFs. Of these, 29 percent were RDHs and 71 percent were RDAs. These practitioners performed RFs most often by working with a dentist or when time allowed. They perceived increased access to dental care and an increase in the number of patients treated to be outcomes of performing RFs. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this survey indicated use of restorative procedures varied greatly by practitioner type. The perceptions of those who performed RFs indicated they had a positive effect on dental practice. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: The addition of RF-certified personnel to the dental team has the potential to increase the number of patients seen in practice and the job satisfaction of team members.
Asunto(s)
Delegación Profesional , Auxiliares Dentales , Higienistas Dentales , Restauración Dental Permanente/estadística & datos numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Actitud del Personal de Salud , Niño , Preescolar , Odontología Comunitaria , Delegación Profesional/legislación & jurisprudencia , Auxiliares Dentales/educación , Auxiliares Dentales/legislación & jurisprudencia , Auxiliares Dentales/psicología , Atención Odontológica/organización & administración , Higienistas Dentales/educación , Higienistas Dentales/legislación & jurisprudencia , Higienistas Dentales/psicología , Odontólogos , Educación Continua , Odontología General , Accesibilidad a los Servicios de Salud , Humanos , Renta , Lactante , Satisfacción en el Trabajo , Persona de Mediana Edad , Minnesota , Grupo de Atención al Paciente , Odontología Pediátrica , Ubicación de la Práctica Profesional , Población Urbana , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
PURPOSE: Routine tooth polishing continues to be an integral part of clinical practice even though the concept of selective polishing was introduced in the 1980s. This procedure assists in the removal of stains and plaque biofilm and provides a method for applying various medicaments to the teeth, such as desensitizing agents. Use of traditional polishing methods, i.e. a rubber-cup with prophylaxis paste, has been shown to remove the fluoride-rich outer layer of the enamel and cause significant loss of cementum and dentin over time. With the growing body of evidence to support alternative tooth polishing methods, dental hygiene practitioners should familiarize themselves with contemporary methods including air polishing. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in air polishing. The effect of air-powder polishing on hard and soft tissues, restorative materials, sealants, orthodontic appliances and implants, as well as health risks and contraindications to air polishing are discussed. A comprehensive computer based search made use of the following databases: CINAHL, Ovid Medline and PubMed. Articles that were not available on these sites were requested from Wilson Interlibrary.
Asunto(s)
Esmalte Dental , Placa Dental , Profilaxis Dental , HumanosRESUMEN
PURPOSE: Halitosis is defined as an unpleasant odor that emanates from the oral cavity with intra-oral and/or extra-oral origins. Fifty percent of people worldwide view themselves as having halitosis, with 90% of the etiology being intra-oral. Dental hygiene practitioners should be knowledgeable about the current classifications, diagnosis and treatment modalities to best meet the needs of patients either self-reporting or diagnosed with this problem. Classification of halitosis, assessment, diagnosis, intra-oral and systemic contributing factors, treatment, management and clinical application are discussed in this review.
Asunto(s)
Halitosis , Halitosis/diagnóstico , Halitosis/etiología , Halitosis/terapia , HumanosRESUMEN
AIM: Compare the efficacy of topical benzocaine gel to injected lidocaine during scaling and root planing. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In each of 21 participants undergoing root planing, two dental quadrants were randomly assigned to receive topical 20% benzocaine gel delivered subgingivally (TOP) or injection anaesthesia using 2% lidocaine (INJ). Baseline, intra- and immediate post-operative pain was assessed using the Heft-Parker pain scale. Intra-subject differences (INJ-TOP) were analysed using paired t-tests and mixed models. RESULTS: Baseline and post-operative pain did not differ between treatments (p>0.50). The injected anaesthetic, however, was associated with less intra-operative pain than the topical (INJ-TOP=-24.9 mm, p=0.005) Six participants required rescue (injected) anaesthesia during treatment with the topical. Eleven participants (52%) preferred topical over injected anaesthetic. Among these 11, intra-operative pain scores did not differ significantly (TOP=38.6 mm, INJ=28.4 mm, p=0.23). Among those who preferred the injected anaesthetic, intra-operative pain scores differed significantly (TOP=84.7 mm, INJ=43.8 mm, p=0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Intra-pocket benzocaine gel is less effective than injected lidocaine in controlling pain during scaling and planing. Anaesthetic preference was related to the level of pain experienced during treatment with the topical. Larger studies are needed to confirm these findings.