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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Acute dacryocystitis is an atypical and rare manifestation of pediatric mononucleosis still widely underdiagnosed in clinical practice. We report this rare condition and describe challenges in its diagnosis and treatment on the basis of a presented case. CASE PRESENTATION: A 6-year-old Caucasian girl without any ophthalmic history was admitted for right preseptal cellulitis requiring intravenous antibiotic therapy. During hospitalization, she developed a fluctuating lump in the nasolacrimal region which resembled an abscess, both clinically and radiologically. There was no spontaneous purulent discharge. Serology was positive for acute mononucleosis and Epstein-Barr virus-related dacryocystitis was diagnosed. Following multidisciplinary discussion, she was treated conservatively with digital lacrimal sac massages and intravenous antibiotic therapy with an excellent outcome. DISCUSSION: This rare form of Epstein-Barr virus is poorly documented in the literature, and thus barely known. As initial symptoms are nonspecific (rhinitis, fever, eyelid edema and erythema lack of purulent discharge, and moderate bilateral cervical lymphadenopathy), diagnosis is often difficult. Nevertheless, differentiating between dacryocystitis and abscess is crucial to select the appropriate treatment and avoid unnecessary, potentially harmful surgery. Conservative management of dacryocystitis appears to be the gold standard of treatment. CONCLUSION: Acute dacryocystitis in children free of ophthalmic history should raise suspicion of primary Epstein-Barr virus infection. With conservative treatment, prognosis appears to be excellent; therefore, surgery should be avoided as much as possible.
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Dacriocistitis , Infecciones por Virus de Epstein-Barr , Femenino , Humanos , Niño , Herpesvirus Humano 4 , Infecciones por Virus de Epstein-Barr/complicaciones , Infecciones por Virus de Epstein-Barr/diagnóstico , Absceso/complicaciones , Dacriocistitis/diagnóstico , Dacriocistitis/etiología , Dacriocistitis/cirugía , Antibacterianos/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
We report on the case of a 33-year-old male patient who was brought to the emergency room of our hospital after suffering a high-energy trauma due to an automobile accident. Besides a scaphoid fracture there were no signs of any neurological deficits. After several hours without clinical symptoms the patient developed dysarthria as the first manifestation of local cerebral ischemia based on a traumatic dissection of the internal carotid artery. Under systemic high-dose heparin therapy, fast and complete remission of all neurological disorders could be achieved. In the course of time a dissecting aneurysm developed. Temporary anticoagulation with phenprocoumon was started in the meantime and no further complications have appeared up to now. Besides presenting this absorbing case, this article highlights the diagnostic and therapeutic regime in cases of a traumatic dissection of supra-aortal arteries for rapid and adequate management of this rare but potentially dangerous complication.
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Disección de la Arteria Carótida Interna/tratamiento farmacológico , Disección de la Arteria Carótida Interna/etiología , Heparina/uso terapéutico , Lesiones por Latigazo Cervical/complicaciones , Lesiones por Latigazo Cervical/tratamiento farmacológico , Adulto , Anticoagulantes/uso terapéutico , Disección de la Arteria Carótida Interna/diagnóstico , Humanos , Masculino , Resultado del Tratamiento , Lesiones por Latigazo Cervical/diagnósticoRESUMEN
Penetrating gunshot injuries to the head and brain are rare in Germany and the rest of Western Europe. Due to the small number of cases over here no consistent diagnostic and therapeutic standards exist in this respect. Thus these kinds of injuries present a great challenge to the attending physicians. Most of these violations are a result of a suicidal attempt or an accident. Beside violations by firearms also penetrating injuries to the head and brain due to captive bolt devices, as used in slaughtery business for the "humane" killing of animals, occur from time to time. The impact on the head differs from that caused by firearms because no projectile is leaving the barrel and the used bolt, as a fix part of the device, does not remain in the affected tissue. That implies characteristic results within the radiological imaging that might be pathbreaking for the further treatment, because the origin of such a head injury is often unknown during primary care. Consequently the knowledge of these specific findings is central to the radiologist to make the appropriate diagnosis. Based on some clinical examples the trauma-related CT-findings are introduced and a short overview of the relevant literature is also given.
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Lesiones por Armas Conductoras de Energía/diagnóstico por imagen , Traumatismos Penetrantes de la Cabeza/diagnóstico por imagen , Procesamiento de Imagen Asistido por Computador , Imagenología Tridimensional , Fracturas Craneales/diagnóstico por imagen , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagen , Edema Encefálico/diagnóstico por imagen , Hemorragia Cerebral Traumática/diagnóstico por imagen , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Hematoma Subdural/diagnóstico por imagen , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Intento de SuicidioRESUMEN
Deep minima in He(e,2e)He+ triply differential cross sections are traced to vortices in atomic wave functions. Such vortices have been predicted earlier, but the present calculations show that they have also been observed experimentally, although not recognized as vortices. Their observation in (e,2e) measurements shows that vortices play an important role in electron correlations related to the transfer of angular momentum between incident and ejected electrons. The vortices significantly extend the list of known features that summarize the general picture of electron correlations in impact ionization.
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We report on the case of an 81-year-old female patient who developed a squamous cell carcinoma in a long-lasting therapy-resistant crural ulcer of the lower leg due to posttraumatic chronic osteomyelitis. Eventually the lower leg had to be amputated because of massive destruction of soft tissue and the tibia bone. Based on the desolate wound conditions plastic reconstruction by a pivoted muscle flap and surgical covering with mesh graft plastic was also necessary.The amputation stump had completely healed 6 months after surgery and the patient is fitted with an artificial limb ensuring independent mobility even outside the home. Up to the present there is no evidence of any tumor recurrence or progression.
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Amputación Quirúrgica , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patología , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/cirugía , Transformación Celular Neoplásica/patología , Traumatismos de la Pierna/patología , Traumatismos de la Pierna/cirugía , Úlcera de la Pierna/patología , Úlcera de la Pierna/cirugía , Osteomielitis/patología , Osteomielitis/cirugía , Infecciones por Pseudomonas/patología , Infecciones por Pseudomonas/cirugía , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Úlcera Cutánea/patología , Tibia/cirugía , Heridas Penetrantes/patología , Heridas Penetrantes/cirugía , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Miembros Artificiales , Enfermedad Crónica , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana , Femenino , Humanos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Piel/patología , Úlcera Cutánea/cirugía , Tibia/patologíaRESUMEN
We demonstrate the creation of vortices in the electronic probability density of an atom subject to short electric field pulses, how these vortices evolve and can be manipulated by varying the applied pulses, and that they persist to macroscopic distances in the spectrum of ejected electrons. This opens the possibility to use practical femtosecond or shorter laser pulses to create and manipulate these vortex quasiparticles at the atomic scale and observe them in the laboratory. Within a hydrodynamic interpretation we also show, since the Schrödinger equation is a particular instance of the Navier-Stokes equations, that for compressible fluids vortices can appear spontaneously and with a certain time delay, which is not expected to occur from the conventional point of view, illustrating applicability of the present study to vortex formation more broadly.
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Vortices are usually associated with systems containing large numbers of particles. Of particular topical interest though are those formed within atomic-scale wave functions and observed in macroscopic systems such as superfluids and quantum condensates. We uncover them here in one of the most fundamental quantum systems consisting of just one electron and two protons. Moreover, the results of novel simulations of the dynamics of this system reveal previously unknown mechanisms of angular momentum transfer and new ways to image atomic-scale quantized vortices at macroscopic distances. Probing of vortices and vortex-driven dynamics in quantum systems is thereby illustrated.
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Enfermedades del Esófago/cirugía , Enfermedades del Esófago/diagnóstico , Enfermedades del Esófago/diagnóstico por imagen , Fluoroscopía , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Rotura Espontánea , Síndrome , Factores de Tiempo , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
In 2002, we identified 28 people in Nkhotakota District who were suffering from Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT). Sixteen of these were identified when they presented to the District Hospital with a febrile illness. The remaining twelve were identified through a rural cross-sectional survey, in which 500 people were visited in their homes, persons found to be febrile, were examined by blood film microscopy. Of the 28 people, 50% (14) presented within a month of the onset of symptoms. Sixteen (57%) had splenomegaly, and 24 were anaemic ([Hb] <12 g/dl). Four patients died (14%), of which two were in the late stage of the disease. None of the patients recall having a chancre that could be attributed to the bite of tsetse flies. 9 out of 28 (32%) reported illness longer than 90 days. Of the 9 patients 6 (66%) of them remained in the early stage after reporting illness of 180 days. This study reports on the prevalence and clinical features of Trypansoma brucei rhodesiense infection in a endemic district in Malawi.
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Contact psuedopotentials for relative angular momentum greater than zero are of interest for the study of cold atomic gases. For bosons, it is known that when the s-wave scattering length becomes infinite, an infinite number of three-body bound states, called Efimov states, are predicted by such potentials. Realistic potentials also exhibit the such states, thus a study of the Efimov effect for contact psuedopotentials for higher partial waves and fermions is important for the study of cold atoms. In this Letter we analyze three-body states of three particles interacting via psuedopotentials for higher partial waves and show that there is an Efimov effect for three fermions interacting via p-wave psuedopotentials.
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Neurotransmitters of neurons and neuroendocrine cells are concentrated first in the cytosol and then in either small synaptic vesicles ofpresynaptic terminals or in secretory vesicles by the activity of specific transporters of the plasma and the vesicular membrane, respectively. In the central nervous system the postsynaptic response depends--amongst other parameters-on the amount of neurotransmitter stored in a given vesicle. Neurotransmitter packets (quanta) vary over a wide range which may be also due to a regulation of vesicular neurotransmitter filling. Vesicular filling is regulated by the availability of transmitter molecules in the cytoplasm, the amount of transporter molecules and an electrochemical proton-mediated gradient over the vesicular membrane. In addition, it is modulated by vesicle-associated heterotrimeric G proteins, Galphao2 and Galphaq. Galphao2 and Galphaq regulate vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT) activities in brain and platelets, respectively. Galphao2 also regulates vesicular glutamate transporter (VGLUT) activity by changing its chloride dependence. It appears that the vesicular content activates the G protein, suggesting a signal transduction from the luminal site which might be mediated by a vesicular G protein-coupled receptor or as an alternative possibility by the transporter itself. Thus, G proteins control transmitter storage and thereby probablylink the regulation of the vesicular content to intracellular signal cascades.
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Proteínas de Unión al GTP Heterotriméricas/metabolismo , Proteínas de Transporte Vesicular de Glutamato/metabolismo , Proteínas de Transporte Vesicular de Monoaminas/metabolismo , Animales , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Cloruros/metabolismo , Subunidades alfa de la Proteína de Unión al GTP Gi-Go/metabolismo , Subunidades alfa de la Proteína de Unión al GTP Gq-G11/metabolismo , Humanos , Neurotransmisores/metabolismo , Transmisión Sináptica , Vesículas Sinápticas/metabolismoAsunto(s)
Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/diagnóstico por imagen , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/métodos , Aneurisma Falso/diagnóstico por imagen , Angiografía/métodos , Angiomiolipoma/diagnóstico por imagen , Aneurisma de la Aorta Abdominal/diagnóstico por imagen , Rotura de la Aorta/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedades Duodenales/diagnóstico por imagen , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/etiología , Arteria Hepática/diagnóstico por imagen , Humanos , Fístula Intestinal/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias Renales/diagnóstico por imagen , Arteria Esplénica/diagnóstico por imagenRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To find out if indeed anaemia is a major sign in human trypanosomiasis caused by Trypanosoma brucei rhodensiense. DESIGN: A one year cross-sectional study of all admitted and surveyed Trypanosoma brucei rhodensiense infected patients (June 2001-June 2002) SETTING: Nkhotakota District Hospital-Central Region of Malawi. RESULTS: After survey and investigations, 28 patients (16 males and 12 females) were admitted to Nkhotakota District Hospital with a parasite positive Trypanosoma brucei rhodensiense infection. Twenty four (85.7%) of them were anaemic. Their mean haemoglobin was 8.96 +/- 3.07 g/dl compared to controls that had a mean haemoglobin concentration of 12.17 +/- 1.35 g/dl (p < 0.000001, 95% CI -4.342 to -2.0785) (n = 45). None of the trypanosomiasis infected individuals had schistosomiasis or hookworms. Two patients had malaria. One of them was an 18-year-old pregnant woman with hepatosplenomegaly, who developed ante partum haemorrhage. She was jaundiced and had haemoglobin of 10 g/dl. She died after two weeks following the diagnosis and treatment. The other was a two-year-old girl who had haemoglobin of 8.4 g/dl. She also had hepatosplenomegaly. All the other patients looked well nourished with no other signs of chronic diseases. Hepatosplenomegaly was significantly related to the severity of illness (p = 0.011) but not to anaemia. CONCLUSION: Though basic, this study has shown that anaemia is indeed a complication of human Africa trypanosomiasis caused by Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense. There is need for further investigation to investigate the type of anaemia that is caused by this disease.
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Anemia/parasitología , Tripanosomiasis Africana/complicaciones , Adolescente , Adulto , Animales , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Niño , Preescolar , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Hemoglobinas/análisis , Humanos , Lactante , Pacientes Internos , Malaui , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Trypanosoma brucei rhodesienseRESUMEN
Human African trypanosomiasis or sleeping sickness is caused by infection with two subspecies of the tsetse-fly-vectored haemoflagellate parasite Trypanosoma brucei. Historically, epidemic sleeping sickness has caused massive loss of life, and related animal diseases have had a crucial impact on development in sub-Saharan Africa. After a period of moderately successful control during the mid-part of the 20th century, sleeping sickness incidence is currently rising, and control is hampered by a combination of factors, including civil unrest and the possible development of drug resistance by the parasites. The prevailing view is that the disease is invariably fatal without anti-trypanosomal drug treatment. However, there have also been intriguing reports of wide variations in disease severity as well as evidence of asymptomatic carriers of trypanosomes. These differences in the presentation of the disease will be discussed in the context of our knowledge of the immunology of trypanosomiasis. The impact of dysregulated inflammatory responses in both systemic and CNS pathology will be examined and the potential for host genotype variation in disease severity and control will be discussed.
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Trypanosoma brucei gambiense/patogenicidad , Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense/patogenicidad , Tripanosomiasis Africana/inmunología , Tripanosomiasis Africana/fisiopatología , Animales , Humanos , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Tripanosomiasis Africana/parasitología , Moscas Tse-Tse/parasitologíaRESUMEN
We have developed a rapid and easy to perform fluorescence in situ hybridization test that allows specific identification of trypanosomes from the subgenus Trypanozoon, using peptide nucleic acid probes. Probes were designed to target subgenus-specific sequences on the multiple-copy 18S rRNA, greatly facilitating the detection of a single trypanosome.
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Hibridación Fluorescente in Situ , Sondas de Ácido Nucleico , Ácidos Nucleicos de Péptidos , Trypanosoma/clasificación , Trypanosoma/aislamiento & purificación , Animales , Sangre/parasitología , Bovinos , ADN Ribosómico/análisis , Humanos , ARN Ribosómico 18S/genética , Trypanosoma/genética , Tripanosomiasis Africana/parasitología , Tripanosomiasis Africana/veterinariaRESUMEN
Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of nitrate and the cytokines interferon (IFN)-gamma, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-10, and IL-4 were measured in 91 African trypanosomiasis patients before and after treatment. Nitrate levels overall were not significantly elevated over those for control persons, but a marginal increase in plasma nitrate was detected in patients reporting illness of <40 days' duration. Plasma IFN-gamma and total TNF-alpha concentrations increased during infection, but free TNF-alpha levels were low in all patients. The most dramatic cytokine response was for IL-10, which was significantly elevated in both plasma and CSF during infection but returned to control levels after treatment. The results indicate that human African trypanosomiasis leads to the development of a strong anti-inflammatory cytokine response.
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Citocinas/biosíntesis , Óxido Nítrico/biosíntesis , Tripanosomiasis Africana/fisiopatología , Animales , Humanos , Interferón gamma/sangre , Interleucina-10/sangre , Interleucina-4/sangre , Recuento de Leucocitos , Nitratos/sangre , Valores de Referencia , Factores de Tiempo , Trypanosoma brucei brucei/aislamiento & purificación , Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense/aislamiento & purificación , Tripanosomiasis Africana/sangre , Tripanosomiasis Africana/inmunología , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/análisisRESUMEN
Famoxadone (3-anilino-5-methyl-5-(4-phenoxyphenyl)-1,3-oxazolidine-2,4-dione), is a new agricultural fungicide recently commercialized by DuPont under the trade name Famoxate. Famoxadone is a member of a new class of oxazolidinone fungicides that demonstrate excellent control of plant pathogens in the Ascomycete, Basidiomycete, and Oomycete classes that infect grapes, cereals, tomatoes, potatoes and other crops. DuPont's entry into the oxazolidinone area resulted from the procurement of 5-methyl-5-phenyl-3-phenylamino-2-thioxo-4-oxazolidinone (1) from Professor Detlef Geffken, then at the University of Bonn. An extensive analog program was initiated immediately after the fungicidal activity of 1 was discovered through routine greenhouse testing. The discovery program in the oxazolidinone area eventually culminated in the advancement of famoxadone to commercial development in the early 1990s. The synthesis of various oxazolidinone ring systems and the development of the structure-activity relationships that led to the discovery of famoxadone are described.
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Complejo III de Transporte de Electrones/antagonistas & inhibidores , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/síntesis química , Fungicidas Industriales/síntesis química , Oxazoles/síntesis química , Animales , Ascomicetos/efectos de los fármacos , Basidiomycota/efectos de los fármacos , Bioensayo , Química Agrícola/métodos , Transporte de Electrón , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/metabolismo , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/farmacología , Fungicidas Industriales/metabolismo , Fungicidas Industriales/farmacología , Hidantoínas/síntesis química , Isomerismo , Metacrilatos , Mitocondrias/efectos de los fármacos , Oomicetos/efectos de los fármacos , Oxazoles/metabolismo , Oxazoles/farmacología , Phytophthora/efectos de los fármacos , Plantas/metabolismo , Plantas/microbiología , Ratas , Estrobilurinas , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Succinimidas/síntesis químicaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the frequency rate of hyperglycemia and infectious complications can be reduced by an underfeeding strategy in patients requiring total parenteral nutrition (TPN), without deleterious effects on nitrogen balance. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, controlled nonblinded trial. SETTING: A university-affiliated teaching hospital with a dedicated TPN service. PATIENTS: TPN was initiated in 40 adult patients and continued for > or =5 days. INTERVENTION: Two different TPN feeding strategies were compared: hypocaloric feeding (1 L containing 70 g protein and 1000 kcal) and standard weight-based regimen, begun in similar amounts initially, but advanced in increments toward 25 kcal and 1.5 g protein/kg dry (or adjusted ideal) weight. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: We evaluated the frequency rate of hyperglycemia, average blood glucose, numbers and types of infections while receiving nutritional support and nitrogen balance after 5 days of TPN. There were significant differences between the quantities of calories, dextrose, fat, and protein provided to the two groups. However, average blood glucose, frequency rate of hyperglycemia, and infection rates (from intravenous catheter, pneumonia, and wound/abdominal collection) were similar in each group. The control group showed a trend toward a higher insulin requirement. Nitrogen balance, only available as a subset, was significantly more negative in the hypocaloric group. CONCLUSIONS: Provision of TPN to a goal of 25 kcal/kg was not associated with more hyperglycemia or infections than a deliberate underfeeding strategy. A regimen of 1.5 g/kg protein in conjunction with 25 kcal/kg did, however, provide significant nutritional benefit in terms of nitrogen balance in comparison with hypocaloric TPN.