RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to analyze the correlation of nicotine dependence with perceived happiness and experienced emotions in three groups, namely non-smokers, smokers, and those who quitted smoking. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The total of 552 Poznan University of Medical Sciences students aged 21.84 ± 3.95 (women: 83.3%, men: 16.7%) participated in this study. They were asked to fill out 4 questionnaires. Two were originally designed by the authors of this paper - one asked about some demographic information and the other described cigarette smoking. Happiness and its dimensions were measured using Fordyce's Happiness Measure and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS). RESULTS: The obtained results point out some significant differences between smokers, non-smokers, and those who quitted smoking as to the levels of negative affect with respects to its two dimensions: Unpleasant and Frustrated. Smokers were characterized by a higher level of a negative affect than non-smokers, as well as higher scores for the Unpleasant and Frustrated dimensions compared to non-smokers and those who quitted smoking. As far as the positive affect of smokers and those who quitted smoking is concerned, a significant difference was observed for 5 dimensions: Interested, Inspired, Attentive, Determined and Active. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this paper can help us understand better the nicotine-dependent population in the context of positive psychology, and provide us with some basic information helpful in designing preventive programmes for nicotine addicts.
Asunto(s)
Felicidad , No Fumadores/psicología , Fumadores/psicología , Estudiantes de Medicina/psicología , Tabaquismo/epidemiología , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , No Fumadores/estadística & datos numéricos , Psicología Positiva , Calidad de Vida/psicología , Fumadores/estadística & datos numéricos , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Tabaquismo/psicología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to evaluate the cognitive functioning of children and youth with type 1 diabetes (T1DM). PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study included 68 children with type 1 diabetes, aged 6-17 years, divided into 3 groups according to the level of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c): group 1: HbA1c ≤ 6.0-7.5%; group 2: HbA1c 7.6-8.5%; group 3: HbA1c over 8.6%. Wechsler's intelligence scale (WISC-R), the Trail of 10 words and Brickenkamp's and Zillmer's d2 Test of Attention were used to assess cognitive functioning. RESULTS: The research demonstrated a significant influence of low, medium or high glycaemic control on lowering the general level of functioning in verbal intelligence, and in WISC-R subtests: information, vocabulary, comprehension, number sequencing and block design. CONCLUSIONS: Children with type 1 diabetes mellitus can experience difficulties in cognitive functioning, as a consequence of high HbA1c. Additional research, involving a larger group of patients and a wider age range when the disease was diagnosed, will enable further findings on the occurrence of cognitive impairment in T1DM.