RESUMEN
Transdermal therapeutic systems (TTS) gain continuously increasing importance in therapy due to their advantageous properties. They assure constant concentration of the active substance in the blood, a lower amount of the drug compared to the orally administered dose is sufficient, side effects decrease, and the therapy is painless. Since the appearance of the first products many TTSs have been developed containing a wide variety of active substances including hormonal, antihypertensive, antianginal, and analgesic plasters. Nowadays TTSs belong to the most advanced formulations. There is ongoing research in the field of regulating the active substance release with electric current or ultrasound. There are systems containing insulin, cytostatics, antiparkinsonians, contraceptives, and anxiolytics under development.
Asunto(s)
Analgésicos/administración & dosificación , Antihipertensivos/administración & dosificación , Cardiotónicos/administración & dosificación , Hormonas/administración & dosificación , Administración Cutánea , Química Farmacéutica/métodos , HumanosRESUMEN
To ensure the pulmonary absorption of medicines a developing technologist may choose from among several alternative possibilities. In the medical practice sprays made by mechanical spraying are of great importance. In this study depositions of fine mists made by OMRON ultrasonic nebulizer in Kirk Model apparatus were investigated. The absorption of sodium chloride (0.9% w/v) and theophylline (0.108 w/v) were monitored by chloride selective electrode and UV spectrophotometry, respectively. The aim of the study was to investigate how the nebulizer influences the deposition of medical mists. The results show that appropriate mist and ventillation produced by the OMRON nebulizer ensure the absorption of the medicines in the lung.
Asunto(s)
Aerosoles , Pulmón/metabolismo , Nebulizadores y Vaporizadores , Cloruro de Sodio/farmacocinética , Absorción , Humanos , Cloruro de Sodio/administración & dosificación , UltrasonidoRESUMEN
Authors carried out a comparative study on freeze--dryers of one--and two chamber-systems. Samples containing dextran and mannitol were used for the control of process-uniformity. Moisture content of the products were monitored during the sublimation process and after closing the ampules by colouring of the CoCl2 labelled samples. They put forward proposals for the combined measurement of barometric vapor pressure and product temperature in order to improve safety.
Asunto(s)
Liofilización/instrumentación , Liofilización/métodos , Cobalto , Dextranos , Diseño de Equipo , ManitolRESUMEN
The formulation of Trimetoprim (TBP) injection has been studied. Use of N-N'-dimethylacetamide in nonaqueous medium, propylene glycol, N-beta-hydroxyethyl-lactamide-propylene glycol and Macrogol--400 resulted in the preparation of the solution in appropriate concentration. In the presence of adequate quantity of ascorbic acid the TBP is soluble in 0.8% concentration. It was experimentally proved that the equimolar ratio is optimal for the TBP-ascorbic acid combination. After the preparation of the solution and lyophilized formulas the presence of TBP-ascorbic acid adduct has been proved by derivatographic and NMR spectroscopic techniques. It has been found that the lyophilized formula is stable without decomposition for six years.
Asunto(s)
Trimetoprim/química , Química Farmacéutica , Inyecciones , Soluciones/química , Trimetoprim/administración & dosificaciónRESUMEN
Instrumental investigation of colorimetric matching fluids of the Hungarian Pharmacopoeia has been carried out. It has been established that by means of the internationally accepted CIELAB parameters the samples can be well characterized and comparative tests can be precisely accomplished.
Asunto(s)
Colorimetría/métodos , Farmacopeas como Asunto/normas , Hungría , Control de CalidadRESUMEN
The absorption and distribution of the slightly water-soluble, carbon-14-labelled 1-(2,5-dichlorophenoxy)-3-tert-butylaminopropen-2-ol hydrochloride (1) from sprays and suspension aerosols have been studied in mice. It was found that the blood level and the organ concentrations achieved with suspension aerosols were higher than those obtained with sprays.
Asunto(s)
Propanolaminas/metabolismo , Absorción , Aerosoles , Animales , Hígado/metabolismo , Pulmón/metabolismo , Masculino , Ratones , Suspensiones , Factores de Tiempo , Distribución TisularRESUMEN
The study of the blood levels and tissue concentrations in mice to which 14C-benzyloxyamine hydrochloride was applied in the form of a spray and of a suspensoid aerosol evidenced the good abosrption of this pharmacon. Maximum blood levels were observed 0.5 hour after administration of the spray. When the aerosol was given, the blood levels increased progressively and reached maximum values at the end of the experiment, 4 hours after application. The concentrations found in the lung, stomach, kidney and liver were, in general, higher on suspensoid aerosol application (maximum values being reached after 1--2 hours) than on spray administration.