RESUMEN
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is a multifaceted immune hypersensitivity reaction occurring in the lungs and bronchi, triggered by exposure and colonization of Aspergillus species, commonly Aspergillus fumigatus (A. fumigatus). It typically affects individuals who are immunocompetent but predisposed, such as those with bronchial asthma and cystic fibrosis. Diagnosis involves various methods including chest radiography, computed tomography, identification of eosinophilia, elevated serum IgE (immunoglobulin E) levels, and immunological tests for Aspergillus antigen. Left undiagnosed and untreated, ABPA can advance to bronchiectasis and/or pulmonary fibrosis, leading to significant morbidity and mortality.
RESUMEN
Background Trace elements like zinc and copper are indispensable for human growth and development, exerting significant influence on a multitude of physiological processes. Acting as pivotal components for transcription factors and catalytic cofactors for enzymes, these elements play essential roles in cellular differentiation and maturation Objective The objective of this study was to study serum zinc and copper levels in mothers and neonates in relation to prematurity and intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR). Methods This was a cross-sectional study that included 100 mothers who met the inclusion criteria. Maternal history was recorded, and gestational age was estimated using the New Ballard scoring system. Maternal and cord blood samples were taken for zinc and copper analysis. Results The comparison of maternal copper and zinc levels between term and preterm neonates revealed a statistically significant difference with both trace elements found in less concentration in preterm when compared to the term patients (p= 0.03 for Zinc; 0.0001 for copper). We also report a statistically significant difference in maternal and cord blood copper and zinc levels in cases with IUGR compared to normal neonates. Conclusion The findings show that maternal zinc and copper levels are critical for the intrauterine growth of the fetus and for appropriate gestational age.
RESUMEN
Gaming disorder is a growing concern, recognized by the World Health Organization and included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) as internet gaming disorder (IGD) for further study. This case report describes a 13-year-old boy diagnosed with IGD according to the proposed DSM-5 criteria. The patient exhibited excessive gaming behavior leading to impaired academic performance and social interaction. Treatment included medication with bupropion and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) resulting in significant improvement in gaming habits and social functioning. This case highlights the effectiveness of a combined approach for managing IGD and emphasizes the need for further research to optimize treatment strategies.
RESUMEN
Naphthalene is an aromatic hydrocarbon found in mothballs, deodorizers, or insecticides. Naphthalene poisoning is not commonly seen in the pediatric age group due to its pungent odor and taste, water insolubility, and poor absorption from the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). This case report describes a five-year-old boy who experienced accidental naphthalene mothball ingestion resulting in intravascular hemolysis and acute kidney injury (AKI). Naphthalene exposure can cause severe complications, especially in children. The clinical presentation included fever, abdominal pain, vomiting, decreased urine output, and hematuria. The laboratory findings revealed hemolytic anemia, elevated serum creatinine, and proteinuria. The child received supportive treatment including intravenous fluids, packed red blood cell transfusions, and hemodialysis for AKI. Early diagnosis and intervention are crucial for a favorable outcome. This case highlights the importance of considering naphthalene poisoning in the differential diagnosis of children with hemolysis and AKI.