RESUMEN
PURPOSE: This study was aimed at evaluating the levels of knowledge of child abuse among students attending the School of Dental and Oral Medicine at the University of Hamburg- Eppendorf, Germany. METHODS: This cross-sectional study utilized a self-administered and structured questionnaire, consisting of 23 multiple-choice questions; the questionnaire focused on rating the students' knowledge of and ability to diagnose child abuse. Each question was analysed with simple descriptive statistics. RESULTS: The students (181) were aware of their legal and ethical responsibilities towards the children and their parents. More than two-thirds (69.6%) responded positively when asked whether a dentist should be legally responsible to report cases of child abuse brought to their attention. The majority of the students (96.1%) agreed that dentists had an ethical duty to report such cases. However, the students were unable to define or describe the signs, symptoms, and social indicators of child abuse. Approximately 93.4% of the students lacked basic training related to child abuse, while 95.7% of them indicated that there was insufficient training in issues related to child abuse. CONCLUSIONS: There is a general lack of information regarding child abuse among dentistry students. The majority of the students showed interest in the topic of child abuse and neglect, but were unable to clearly identify the signs and symptoms. More lectures and workshops relating to child abuse should be available to all dentists to reinforce their knowledge as well as to strengthen their confidence when confronted with suspected cases of child abuse.
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Maltrato a los Niños , Abuso Físico , Niño , Maltrato a los Niños/diagnóstico , Estudios Transversales , Odontólogos , Alemania , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Humanos , Estudiantes de Odontología , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
AIM: To evaluate the longitudinal occurrence of traumatic dental injuries in permanent teeth comparing recent data from 2014 to 2016 in Greifswald after German unification with a historic sample from socialist times (1974-1989). MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this retrospective study, traumatic dental injury parameters as type, date, location, and cause of injury as well as tooth affected were extracted from the trauma records of patients from 1974 to 1989 and 2014-2016. RESULTS: The descriptive analysis of 444 teeth in 245 patients revealed that the recent and historic samples had a very similar pattern of dental trauma (201/243 teeth in 117/128 patients, respectively): Maxillary permanent central incisors were affected in 70.7% and 68.3%, respectively. Enamel-dentine fractures were the most prevalent fracture injury in both recent and historic samples (64% and 43.1%, respectively) followed by enamel fractures (20.7% and 36.9%, respectively). Subluxations were the most common luxation traumatic dental injury (44.7%) followed by lateral luxation (39.8%) as reported in the historic sample while in the recent sample subluxation constituted 42.9% of luxation injuries followed by concussion (36.2%). CONCLUSION: This study detected a very stable pattern of dental traumatic injuries over 40 years, even after the change from a socialistic society to a market economy.
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Traumatismos de los Dientes/epidemiología , Distribución por Edad , Niño , Dentición Permanente , Alemania/epidemiología , Alemania Oriental/epidemiología , Alemania Occidental/epidemiología , Historia del Siglo XX , Humanos , Sistemas Políticos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Avulsión de Diente/epidemiología , Fracturas de los Dientes/epidemiología , Traumatismos de los Dientes/etiología , Traumatismos de los Dientes/historiaRESUMEN
This paper is part of a series of papers contributing towards a European Core Curriculum in Cariology for undergraduate dental students. The European Core Curriculum in Cariology is the outcome of a process starting in 2006 and culminating in a joint workshop of the European Organization for Caries Research together with the Association for Dental Education in Europe, which was held in Berlin from 27 to 30 June 2010. The scope of this paper is to present the evidence-based cariology in clinical and public health section of the European Core Curriculum in Cariology. This section was developed on the basis of international consensus on the current and future educational needs in the fields of cariology and disorders of dental hard tissues. The paper will deal with the core skills of evidence-based dental practice within the undergraduate curriculum underpinning the dual facets of clinical cariology (relating particularly to individuals) and public health cariology (relating particularly to groups/societies). Core competencies in evidence-based dentistry, which are generic to the undergraduate curriculum as a whole and not only cariology, are integral to lifelong learning skills within dentistry. As the clinical cariology competencies in assessment and management of caries for the individual patient are dealt with within other sections of the European Core Curriculum in Cariology, only a few relevant examples will be presented here, but for Public Health Cariology, the competencies will be explored within this document and their relationship to the principles of evidence-based dentistry discussed.
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Curriculum , Caries Dental , Operatoria Dental/educación , Educación en Odontología , Unión Europea , Odontología Basada en la Evidencia/educación , Educación Basada en Competencias , Análisis Costo-Beneficio , Europa (Continente) , Implementación de Plan de Salud , Humanos , Odontología en Salud Pública/educaciónRESUMEN
PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to analyse caries prevalence and fluorosis as well as oral hygiene habits in schoolchildren in north Namibia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 2004, 120 pupils (1st to 8th grade, mean age: 12.3 ± 2.8 years) of the Ombili Primary School were examined by one calibrated clinician for caries (DMFT) according to the World Health Organization criteria, oral hygiene (API) and fluorosis (Dean's index), categorised according to the four different farms where they lived. In addition, samples of drinking water were obtained from the wells of the farms and analysed for quality and mineral content. RESULTS: The pupils at the different farms showed very different caries prevalence (range: 17% to 50% caries-free children) and mean DMFT values (0.96 to 2.67). Oral hygiene measures were not common (60.8% none) or inefficient (mean proximal plaque index: 89.5%) and did not differ greatly between the different farms. The fluoride concentration in drinking water varied considerably (0.28 to 1.06 mg/l). The prevalence of dental fluorosis in all schoolchildren was 65.8%, the Community Fluorosis Index (CFI) was 1.41 and it differed clearly for pupils from the four farms (CFI: 0.5 to 1.65). The DMFT index showed a statistically significant correlation with the fluoride concentration of the drinking water (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Based on these results, fluoride concentration in drinking water should be monitored in the future. In parallel, a caries-preventive programme should be developed, as high concentrations of fluoride in drinking water alone do not result in acceptable caries levels.
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Caries Dental/epidemiología , Fluorosis Dental/epidemiología , Higiene Bucal/estadística & datos numéricos , Adolescente , Niño , Índice CPO , Índice de Placa Dental , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Namibia/epidemiología , Prevalencia , Estadísticas no Paramétricas , Abastecimiento de Agua/análisis , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
AIM: The knowledge of the distribution and causes of malocclusion in early childhood can prevent such malocclusions and their consequences and possibly to reduce complex orthodontic treatment. METHODS: All children (n = 234; 116 male, 118 female, age 2-16) who presented with occlusal or functional problems at the Department of Paediatric Dentistry at Damascus University (1995-1999) were classified according to the type and causes of malocclusion and the subsequent orthodontic treatment. RESULTS: 57.3% of the malocclusions affected the anterior-posterior plane, 12.4% the vertical, and 35.9% the transverse. Most of the malocclusions had causes which could be modified by preventive or interceptive efforts: thumb sucking (5.12%), infantile swallowing (3.84%), mouth breathing (0.85%), tongue thrusting (1.7%), delayed exfoliation of a primary tooth (3.41%), premature loss of a primary tooth (9.82%), delayed eruption of a permanent tooth (2.13%), or an impacted tooth (6.41%). The subsequent early orthodontic treatment consisted of space maintainers (26%), removable (40.9%), functional (11.9%), or fixed appliances (21.2%). CONCLUSION: These data stress the importance of early orthodontic diagnosis in paediatric practice. Malocclusion in this Syrian sample could be treated to a great extent with preventive or interceptive orthodontics, which required only simple appliances and techniques.
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Caries Dental/complicaciones , Maloclusión/epidemiología , Adolescente , Distribución por Edad , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Maloclusión/etiología , Maloclusión/prevención & control , Modelos Dentales , Aparatos Ortodóncicos , Ortodoncia Correctiva/instrumentación , Siria/epidemiología , Factores de Tiempo , Pérdida de Diente/complicaciones , Diente PrimarioRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Computer technology is increasingly used in practical training at universities. However, in spite of their potential, computer-assisted learning (CAL) and computer-assisted simulation (CAS) systems still appear to be underutilized in dental education. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Advantages, challenges, problems, and solutions of computer-assisted learning and simulation in dentistry are discussed by means of MEDLINE, open Internet platform searches, and key results of a study among German dental schools. RESULTS: The advantages of computer-assisted learning are seen for example in self-paced and self-directed learning and increased motivation. It is useful for both objective theoretical and practical tests and for training students to handle complex cases. CAL can lead to more structured learning and can support training in evidence-based decision-making. The reasons for the still relatively rare implementation of CAL/CAS systems in dental education include an inability to finance, lack of studies of CAL/CAS, and too much effort required to integrate CAL/CAS systems into the curriculum. CONCLUSION: To overcome the reasons for the relative low degree of computer technology use, we should strive for multicenter research and development projects monitored by the appropriate national and international scientific societies, so that the potential of computer technology can be fully realized in graduate, postgraduate, and continuing dental education.
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Simulación por Computador , Instrucción por Computador , Educación en Odontología , Simulación por Computador/economía , Diseño Asistido por Computadora , Instrucción por Computador/economía , Análisis Costo-Beneficio , Toma de Decisiones , Educación en Odontología/economía , Evaluación Educacional , Medicina Basada en la Evidencia , Alemania , Humanos , Internet , Aprendizaje , MEDLINE , Motivación , Aprendizaje Basado en Problemas , Programas de Autoevaluación , Integración de Sistemas , Interfaz Usuario-ComputadorRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Computer technology is increasingly used in practical training at universities. However, in spite of their potential, computer-assisted simulation (CAS) systems still appear to be underutilised. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the practical usage of CAS/computer-assisted learning (CAL) systems, the familiarity and level of use of CAS systems, as well as the acceptance of approved learning content and English as the language of instruction in CAS/CAL systems. METHODS: A survey was conducted in the Departments of Conservative Dentistry and Prosthetic Dentistry of all 32 dental schools in Germany. Besides investigating the usefulness of, familiarity with and level of current usage of CAS systems, the questionnaire also contained questions regarding each respondent's gender, age, academic rank, experience in academia and computer skills, all of which correlated with the responses. RESULTS: The response rate was 90% (112 out of 125). The use of CAS/CAL systems was considered 'partly' to 'very' useful for evaluating the acquisition of knowledge (83.9%), qualitative issues (73.2%) and processes (72.3%) of dental preparation exercises and complex treatment strategies. However, only about half the respondents reported that they knew of, and even fewer used, the following systems in preclinical or clinical training: EDUnet (KaVo, Germany) (46.3%/0.9 %), PREPassistant (KaVo, Germany) (50%/0.9%), or the DentSim system (DenX, Israel) (52.8%/1.9%). The virtual simulation system VRDTS-CP (Novint, USA), used by none of the respondents, was known to only 16.5%. Responders agreed at least partly to accept approved learning content (74.9%) and English as the language of instruction (82.1%) as the standards for CAS systems. CONCLUSION: The survey indicates a distinct discrepancy between a generally positive attitude towards the usefulness of computer technology for dental education, the level of familiarity with current computer systems and their actual use. However, two prerequisites for ultimately decreasing the cost and increasing the usage of CAS systems--the acceptance of approved learning content and English as the language of instruction in CAS systems--seem to be generally accepted by respondents.
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Actitud hacia los Computadores , Instrucción por Computador , Educación en Odontología/métodos , Tecnología Educacional , Docentes de Odontología , Adulto , Actitud del Personal de Salud , Alfabetización Digital , Simulación por Computador , Femenino , Alemania , Humanos , Lenguaje , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Simulación de Paciente , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and distribution of root caries in the adult population of Pomerania, Germany. The study sample comprised 6,267 randomly selected subjects who were scheduled for examination from 1997 to 2001 (population-based cross-sectional study, response rate: 69%, age range 20-79 years). 499 edentulous persons were excluded from the dental examination (12%) performed according to WHO guidelines (1997). In the statistical analysis, frequency distributions, means and median values were calculated and subdivided for different age groups. The percentage of exposed and affected root surfaces increased with age (root caries index 4.6-10.6%). The mean number of carious/filled root surfaces (RDFS) rose from 0.4 per person (25-34 years) to 2.3 (55-64 years) and dropped for seniors due to the low number of retained teeth. Fillings comprised the largest proportion of the RDFS (69.5%). Most caries/fillings were found on buccal surfaces, the highest rate in mandibular premolars. With about half of over-45-year-olds having at least one carious/filled root surface and increasing number of retained teeth in seniors, root caries is a relevant and probably growing disease in Pomerania and East Germany.
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Caries Radicular/epidemiología , Adulto , Distribución por Edad , Anciano , Índice CPO , Femenino , Alemania/epidemiología , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , PrevalenciaRESUMEN
PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to assess the caries prevalence in the adult population of Pomerania, Germany in comparison to national and international data. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study sample comprised 4,022 randomly selected subjects who were examined from October 1997 to May 2001 within the "Study of Health in Pomerania" (medical and dental, population-based cross-sectional study in Pomerania, Northeast Germany. Response rate: 69%. Age range of subjects: 25-79 yrs). Carious defects, fillings and missing teeth were diagnosed and the DMFT/S scores were calculated according to WHO guidelines (1997). These figures were compared to other German, Swedish and US data. RESULTS: Women exhibited higher mean DMFT and DMFS values in all age groups than men. The mean DMFT/S scores were slightly higher than the values for the only two available nationally representative age groups in Germany. The prevalence of primary carious lesions or secondary caries was very low, resulting in minor treatment needs (decayed surfaces: mean 0.95 +/- 3.3) and high care indices (FS/DFS) for all age groups (90-95%). In contrast to this, the mean numbers of fillings in adults and especially of missing teeth in seniors were much higher in Pomerania for all age groups than in the Swedish and US adult population, where a caries decline was demonstrated. CONCLUSION: In spite of a very low prevalence of primary carious lesions and secondary caries, the mean number DMFT/S and especially MT/S scores in the Pomeranian adult population are high in comparison with Swedish and US data, but differed only slightly from the limited available national data for Germany.
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Caries Dental/epidemiología , Adulto , Factores de Edad , Anciano , Estudios Transversales , Índice CPO , Restauración Dental Permanente/estadística & datos numéricos , Femenino , Alemania/epidemiología , Necesidades y Demandas de Servicios de Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Vigilancia de la Población , Prevalencia , Factores Sexuales , Pérdida de Diente/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to investigate the suitability of measuring volume differences in the gingival tissue for monitoring changes in the inflammatory status of the gingiva. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data for this investigation were obtained from a mouthrinse evaluation which was performed as a 4-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study in which localised experimental gingivitis was induced. 24 volunteers were enrolled in the study. Only the data from the placebo period of each subject were used in the current investigation. During the plaque accumulation periods, plaque guards were worn during routine performance of oral hygiene measures to prevent any plaque removal from the experimental area (1st and 2nd premolars and molars in one upper quadrant). Clinical examinations with assessment of plaque and gingivitis were performed on days 0, 4, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 42. Volume differences in the gingival papillae were determined between day 0 and days 21, 28, and 42, and between days 28 and 42 by taking measurements from replicas of the respective clinical situations using a 3-D laser scanner and reference-free automated 3-D superimposition software. Data were analysed with the Wilcoxon signed ranks test. RESULTS: Plaque accumulation in the experimental area resulted in a highly significant increase (p<0.001) of inflammation of the gingival papillae. The mean (standard deviation) papillary GI at baseline was 0.23 (0.34) as compared to 1.22 (0.27) and 1.2 (0.31) on days 21 and 28, respectively. The mean increase in volume of all papillae as compared to baseline was 25,478 micrometer3 after 21 days and 24,210 micrometer3 after 28 days. After resuming a normal oral hygiene regimen, mean volume of the papillae decreased between days 28 and 42 by 19,250 micrometer3. CONCLUSION: With this novel method, gingival papillary edema can be quantified in vivo from replicas of the clinical situation.