RESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Women with bladder endometriosis often present with more advanced stages of endometriosis. Robotic surgery has emerged as a promising approach to the management of bladder endometriosis. This systematic review aims to analyze the current literature on robotic surgery for bladder endometriosis and describe our systematic approach to surgical treatment. METHODS: This review followed the PRISMA guidelines, which ensured a comprehensive and transparent approach to selecting and evaluating relevant studies. We conducted a thorough literature search to identify studies that investigated the use of robotic surgery for bladder endometriosis. Relevant databases were searched, and inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to select eligible studies. Data extraction and analysis were performed to assess the outcomes and effectiveness of robotic surgery for the treatment of bladder endometriosis. RESULTS: We did not find any randomized clinical trials with the use of robotics in the treatment of bladder endometriosis. We found only two retrospective studies comparing robotic surgery with laparoscopy, and another retrospective study comparing robotic surgery, laparoscopy, and laparotomy in the treatment of bladder endometriosis. All the other 12 studies were solely case reports. Despite the lack of robust evidence in the literature, the studies demonstrated that robotic surgery is feasible and is associated with reduced postoperative pain, shorter hospital stays, and faster recovery. CONCLUSIONS: The utilization of robotic technology is a promising option for the surgical management of bladder endometriosis. We advocate a surgical systematic approach for the robotic treatment of bladder endometriosis. Robotic technology, with its 3D vision, instrumental degrees of freedom, and precision, particularly in suturing, may provide potential benefits over traditional laparoscopy.
RESUMEN
Introdução: Programas de rastreamento mamográfico exigem o controle da qualidade dos exames e uso seguro da radiação. No Brasil, o Instituto Nacional de Câncer José Alencar Gomes da Silva (INCA) acompanhou esse processo. Objetivo: Descrever o contexto histórico do controle das doses e da qualidade da mamografia no Brasil sob a perspectiva do INCA e os resultados obtidos por dois programas de qualidade de abrangência nacional. Método: Pesquisa descritiva, de abordagem mista, utilizando documentos e publicações relacionadas ao controle de qualidade em mamografia e resultados dos programas do INCA e do Colégio Brasileiro de Radiologia e Diagnóstico por Imagem (CBR) entre 2009 e 2016. Resultados: A pesquisa documental descreve as ações de controle de qualidade da mamografia desde a década de 1970 até o ano de 2012. Entre 2009 e 2016, foram realizadas 1.156 medidas de dose em 738 serviços e 2.633 avaliações da qualidade dos exames em 390 serviços. O valor médio da dose glandular média foi de 1,81 mGy por incidência, com 22,7% das avaliações acima dos valores de referência. Em relação à qualidade dos exames, 14,0% não estavam conformes quanto aos critérios clínicos de qualidade da imagem, 5,8% quanto aos critérios físicos e 16,7% quanto à classificação BI-RADS®. Conclusão: A análise documental revela marcos importantes da qualidade da mamografia nas últimas décadas. Os resultados dos programas do INCA e do CBR fornecem informações relevantes para o desenvolvimento de ações dirigidas ao controle da dose e da qualidade da imagem e dos laudos em mamografia.
Abstract Introduction: Mammographic screening programs require quality control of the exams and safe use of radiation. In Brazil, the National Cancer Institute José Alencar Gomes da Silva (INCA) followed this process. Objective: To describe the historical context of dose control and mammography quality in Brazil from the INCA perspective and the results obtained by two national quality programs. Method: Descriptive research with mixed approach, using documents and publications related to mammography quality control and results of the programs of INCA and the Brazilian College of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging (CBR) between 2009 and 2016. Results: The documentary research describes the actions of quality mammography control from the 1970s to the year 2012. Between 2009 and 2016, 1,156 dose measurements were performed in 738 services and 2,633 evaluations of exams quality in 390 services. The mean value of the mean glandular dose was 1.81 mGy per incidence, with 22.7% of the assessments above the reference values. Regarding the quality of the exams, 14.0% were not according to the clinical criteria of image quality, 5.8% regarding the physical criteria and 16.7% regarding the BI-RADS® classification. Conclusion: Documentary analysis reveals important milestones in the quality of mammography in recent decades. The results of INCA and CBR programs provide relevant information for the development of actions directed to dose and image quality control and mammography reports.
Resumen Introducción: Programas de cribado en mamografía exigen un riguroso control de calidad y uso seguro de la radiación. En Brasil, el Instituto Nacional de Cáncer José Alencar Gomes da Silva (INCA) acompaña este proceso. Objetivo: Describir el contexto histórico del control de las dosis y la calidad de la mamografía en Brasil desde la perspectiva del INCA, así como resultados alcanzados por programas de alcance nacional. Método: Investigación descriptiva, de abordaje cualitativa y cuantitativa, utilizando documentos y publicaciones del INCA y del Colegio Brasileño de Radiología y Diagnóstico por Imagen (CBR) para servicios verificados entre 2009 y 2016. Resultados: La búsqueda documental mostró las acciones del control de calidad en mamografía desde la década de 1970 hasta el año 2012. Entre 2012 y 2016 se realizaron 1.156 verificaciones de dosis en 738 servicios y 2.633 evaluaciones de calidad del examen en 390 servicios. El valor promedio de la dosis glandular media fue de 1,81 mGy por proyección y el 22,7% de ellas fuera de los valores de referencia. 14,0% no estaban conformes en relación a los criterios clínicos de calidad de la imagen, 5,8% en relación a los criterios físicos y 16,7% en relación a la clasificación BI-RADS® informada. Conclusión: El análisis documental muestra marcos importantes sobre la calidad de la mamografía en las últimas décadas. Los resultados de los programas del INCA y el CBR, ofrecen informaciones relevantes para desarrollar acciones dirigidas a la calidad de la imagen, el control de las dosis y los informes médicos.