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Apesar de não muito frequente, nos últimos 20 anos, houve um aumento significativo dos relatos sobre rotura do peitoral maior, normalmente associadas à prática de atividade física em que ocorre contração intensa e/ou uso de cargas pesadas exercendo resistência sobre o músculo. Neste relato de caso temos um paciente de 51 anos referindo dor no tórax à direita e no braço direito há 3 dias após tentar consertar o guidão da moto. Apresentava assimetria dos peitorais, perda de força do membro superior direito, dificuldade de movimentação e hematoma. A ressonância magnética demonstrou rotura completa da junção miotendínea do peitoral maior, com tendinopatia com fissuras insercionais e intrasubstanciais infraespinhal e tendinopatia com rotura parcial do tendão subescapular. Foi indicado por médico ortopedista o acompanhamento com o uso de medicação analgésica.
Although not very common, in the last 20 years, there has been a significant increase in reports of rupture of the pectoralis major, normally associated with the practice of physical activity in which intense contraction occurs and/or the use of heavy loads exerting resistance on the muscle. In this case report we have a 51-year-old patient reporting pain in his right chest and right arm for 3 days after trying to fix his motorcycle's handlebars. He had asymmetry of the pectorals, loss of strength in the right upper limb, difficulty moving and hematoma. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated complete rupture of the myotendinous junction of the pectoralis major, with tendinopathy with insertional and intrasubstantial infraspinatus fissures and tendinopathy with partial rupture of the subscapularis tendon. An orthopedic doctor recommended follow-up with the use of analgesic medication.
Aunque no es muy común, en los últimos 20 años se ha observado un aumento significativo en los reportes de rotura del pectoral mayor, normalmente asociado a la práctica de actividad física en la que se produce una contracción intensa y/o al uso de cargas pesadas ejerciendo resistencia sobre el mismo. el músculo. En este caso clínico tenemos un paciente de 51 años que refiere dolor en el pecho derecho y en el brazo derecho durante 3 días después de intentar arreglar el manillar de su motocicleta. Presentó asimetría de pectorales, pérdida de fuerza en miembro superior derecho, dificultad de movimiento y hematoma. La resonancia magnética demostró rotura completa de la unión miotendinosa del pectoral mayor, con tendinopatía con fisuras de inserción e intrasustancial del infraespinoso y tendinopatía con rotura parcial del tendón subescapular. Un médico ortopédico recomendó seguimiento con el uso de medicación analgésica.
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Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Músculos Pectorales/lesiones , Músculos Pectorales/diagnóstico por imagen , Extremidad Superior/lesiones , Extremidad Superior/diagnóstico por imagen , Unión Miotendinosa/lesiones , Unión Miotendinosa/diagnóstico por imagenRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: This study investigates the impact of cryolipolysis on reducing localized fat and altering plasma lipid profiles in 30 overweight and obese women. Conducted at the Health Technology Laboratory of the Evangelical University of Goiás, this clinical research adhered to stringent ethical guidelines. METHODS: Participants underwent three cryolipolysis sessions, with comprehensive assessments of body composition and plasma lipids performed pre- and post-intervention. RESULTS: Significant findings include a reduction in abdominal fat mass by an average of 4.1 kg and a decrease in BMI by 0.7 points (p < 0.05). Notably, total cholesterol levels decreased by an average of 15.7 mg/dL, and LDL cholesterol saw a reduction of 10.2 mg/dL (p < 0.01), with no significant changes in HDL cholesterol or triglyceride levels. These results suggest that cryolipolysis, in conjunction with standardized dietary control, offers a non-invasive alternative to surgical fat reduction, potentially mitigating cardiovascular risks associated with obesity. CONCLUSIONS: The study confirms the efficacy of cryolipolysis in targeted fat reduction and underscores its role in improving key cardiovascular risk factors. These findings warrant further exploration into the long-term benefits of cryolipolysis in metabolic health management and not only for aesthetic treatments.
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The incorporation of bactericidal properties into textiles is a widely sought-after aspect, and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) can be used for this. Here, we evaluate a strategy for incorporating AgNPs into a cotton fabric. For this purpose, a bactericidal textile coating based on a composite of AgNPs and kappa-carrageenan (k-CA) was proposed. The composite was obtained by heating the silver precursor (AgNO3) directly in k-CA solution for green synthesis and in situ AgNPs stabilization. Cotton substrates were added to the heated composite solution for surface impregnation and hydrogel film formation after cooling. Direct synthesis of AgNPs on a fabric was also tested. The results showed that the application of a coating based on k-CA/AgNPs composite can achieve more than twice the silver loading on the fabric surface compared to the textile subjected to direct AgNPs incorporation. Furthermore, silver release tests in water showed that higher Ag+ levels were reached for k-CA/AgNPs-coated cotton. Therefore, inoculation tests with the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus (SA) using the agar diffusion method showed that samples covered with the composite resulted in significantly larger inhibition halos. This indicated that the use of the composite as a coating for cotton fabric improved its bactericidal activity against SA.
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Antibacterianos , Carragenina , Fibra de Algodón , Ensayo de Materiales , Nanopartículas del Metal , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Tamaño de la Partícula , Plata , Staphylococcus aureus , Plata/química , Plata/farmacología , Carragenina/química , Carragenina/farmacología , Nanopartículas del Metal/química , Staphylococcus aureus/efectos de los fármacos , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/síntesis química , Textiles , Propiedades de SuperficieRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is present in lean people. However, the magnitude of the prognostic hepatic and cardiovascular risk in these patients compared to non-lean counterparts remains unclear. We aimed to investigate this topic, and to explore whether these risks change based on factors related to NAFLD severity. METHODS: PubMed and Embase databases were searched for cohort studies (published through April 2024) that evaluated liver and cardiovascular (CV) outcomes in lean and non-lean individuals with NAFLD and reported unadjusted or adjusted data. We pooled risk ratios (RRs) or hazard ratios (HRs) using a random-effects modeling and performed subgroup and meta-regressions analyses. RESULTS: We identified 22 studies with over 1 million NAFLD patients (13.0% were lean). Lean NAFLD showed a similar risk of liver-related events in unadjusted analysis (RR 1.08, 95% CI 0.79-1.49, I2 = 31%), but a higher risk in adjusted analysis (HR 1.66, 95% CI 1.17-2.36, I2 = 83%) compared to non-lean NAFLD. Lean NAFLD had a higher risk of liver-related mortality (RR 2.22, 95% CI 1.57-3.15, I2 = 0%; HR 2.26, 95% CI 1.14-4.51, I2 = 0%). For CV outcomes, lean NAFLD had a lower risk of any cardiovascular disease in unadjusted analysis (RR = 0.82, 95% CI 0.70-0.95, I2 = 88%), but similar risk in adjusted analysis (HR 0.89, 95% CI 0.77-1.02, I2 = 78%), and similar risk of cardiovascular mortality (RR 1.09, 95% CI 0.71-1.66, I2 = 85%; HR 1.26, 95% CI 0.89-1.78, I2 = 46%) compared to non-lean NAFLD. CONCLUSIONS: Lean NAFLD patients have worse liver outcomes, but similar CV outcomes compared to non-lean NAFLD patients, highlighting the importance of monitoring both groups closely.
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Enfermedades Cardiovasculares , Enfermedad del Hígado Graso no Alcohólico , Delgadez , Humanos , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/epidemiología , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/mortalidad , Enfermedad del Hígado Graso no Alcohólico/complicaciones , Enfermedad del Hígado Graso no Alcohólico/epidemiología , Factores de Riesgo , Delgadez/complicaciones , Delgadez/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Chemical desiccation in the preharvest of grains and seeds is commonly used in production fields. Using herbicides for this purpose is a viable alternative to reduce beans' exposure to adverse crop conditions. Our objectives were to evaluate (1) the efficacy of herbicides for accelerated defoliation of cowpea, (2) the impact of herbicide application on antioxidant enzyme activity and protein and amino acid contents in seeds, and (3) the effects of different herbicide application schedules on the physiological aspects of seeds. In the first experiment, in addition to the control treatment (without herbicides), seven herbicides and two mixtures were applied at night: diquat, flumioxazin, diquat + flumioxazin, glufosinate ammonium, saflufenacil, carfentrazone, diquat + carfentrazone, atrazine, and glyphosate. Diquat and its mixtures showed greater efficacy in anticipating the harvest. Flumioxazin and diquat alone reduced amino acid content by 61.72 and 51.44%, respectively. The same trend was observed for total soluble proteins. The activity of antioxidant enzymes (CAT, POD, PPO) increased, indicating oxidative stress caused by diquat and flumioxazin. In the second experiment, we tested three application times (6 a.m., 12 p.m., 6 p.m.) with diquat, diquat + flumioxazin, and diquat + carfentrazone. The lowest damage to chlorophyll a was at 6 a.m.; other times reduced photosynthetic pigments and increased carotenoid content. Total soluble sugars decreased by 27.74% with nocturnal application of diquat + flumioxazin. Our data indicate that herbicide use for desiccation affects seed quality. These findings highlight the need for selecting appropriate herbicides and application times. Future research should explore long-term impacts on crop yield and quality.
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This study evaluated bond strength of glass fiber posts to root dentin using push-out (PO) and diametral compression (DC), testing glycolic acid as a conditioner and varying dentin moisture. An additional aim was to test whether DC can be an alternative test to PO for bond strength assessment. Eighty bovine teeth were divided into eight groups (n = 10) defined by the use of either 37% glycolic acid or 37% phosphoric acid (PA) on moist or wet dentin before bonding with either Adapter SingleBond/RelyX ARC or One Step Plus/Duo-Link Bisco. Each tooth provided discs with an internal diameter of 2 mm, external diameter of 5 mm, and height of 2 mm, which underwent PO and DC. Finite element analysis (FEA) was carried out on 3D models. When analyzing PO results through linear regression, the highest values of bond strength were observed using glycolic acid on wet dentin in the cervical and middle thirds of the teeth. Analyzing DC results, the only statistical influence on values was the dental thirds. The scatterplot of the DC results and the PO bond strength values indicated no relationship between the results of the two tests (r = 0.03; p = 0.64). PO test detected more sensitive changes in bond strength values than DC.
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Recubrimiento Dental Adhesivo , Dentina , Análisis de Elementos Finitos , Vidrio , Ácidos Fosfóricos , Técnica de Perno Muñón , Animales , Bovinos , Dentina/efectos de los fármacos , Vidrio/química , Ácidos Fosfóricos/química , Recubrimientos Dentinarios/química , Cementos de Resina/química , Análisis del Estrés Dental , Ensayo de Materiales , Raíz del Diente , Glicolatos/química , Grabado Ácido DentalRESUMEN
Dimethyl fumarate (DMF, Tecfidera) is an oral drug utilized to treat relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS). DMF treatment reduces disease activity in MS. Gastrointestinal discomfort is a common adverse effect of the treatment with DMF. This study aimed to investigate the effect of DMF administration in the gut draining lymph nodes cells of C57BL6/J female mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of MS. We have demonstrated that the treatment with DMF (7.5 mg/kg) significantly reduces the severity of EAE. This reduction of the severity is accompanied by the increase of both proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory mechanisms at the beginning of the treatment. As the treatment progressed, we observed an increasing number of regulatory Foxp3 negative CD4 T cells (Tr1), and anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-27, as well as the reduction of PGE2 level in the mesenteric lymph nodes of mice with EAE. We provide evidence that DMF induces a gradual anti-inflammatory response in the gut draining lymph nodes, which might contribute to the reduction of both intestinal discomfort and the inflammatory response of EAE. These findings indicate that the gut is the first microenvironment of action of DMF, which may contribute to its effects of reducing disease severity in MS patients.
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Dimetilfumarato , Encefalomielitis Autoinmune Experimental , Ganglios Linfáticos , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Linfocitos T Reguladores , Animales , Dimetilfumarato/farmacología , Dimetilfumarato/uso terapéutico , Encefalomielitis Autoinmune Experimental/tratamiento farmacológico , Encefalomielitis Autoinmune Experimental/inmunología , Ganglios Linfáticos/inmunología , Ganglios Linfáticos/efectos de los fármacos , Ratones , Femenino , Linfocitos T Reguladores/inmunología , Linfocitos T Reguladores/efectos de los fármacos , Mesenterio , Citocinas/metabolismo , Inmunosupresores/farmacología , Inmunosupresores/uso terapéutico , Modelos Animales de EnfermedadRESUMEN
Atrazine is an herbicide with a high soil leaching capacity, contaminating subsurface water sources. Once the water table is contaminated, riparian species can be exposed to atrazine. In this way, understanding the impacts of this exposure must be evaluated for planning strategies that minimize the effects of this herbicide on native forest species. We aimed to evaluate forest species' sensitivity and antioxidant response to exposure to subsurface waters contaminated with atrazine, as well the dissipation this herbicide. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in a completely randomized design, with three replications and one plant per experimental unit. The treatments were arranged in a 2 × 10 factorial. The first factor corresponded to the presence or absence (control) of the atrazine in the subsurface water. The second factor comprised 10 forest species: Amburana cearensis, Anadenanthera macrocarpa, Bauhinia cheilantha, Enterolobium contortisiliquum, Hymenaea courbaril, Libidibia ferrea, Mimosa caesalpiniifolia, Mimosa tenuiflora, Myracrodruon urundeuva, and Tabebuia aurea. The forest species studied showed different sensitivity levels to atrazine in subsurface water. A. cearensis and B. cheilantha species do not have efficient antioxidant systems to prevent severe oxidative damage. The species A. macrocarpa, E. contortisiliquum, L. ferrea, and M. caesalpiniifolia are moderately affected by atrazine. H. courbaril, M. urundeuva, and T. aurea showed greater tolerance to atrazine due to the action of the antioxidant system of these species, avoiding membrane degradation events linked to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Among the forest species, H. courbaril has the most significant remedial potential due to its greater tolerance and reduced atrazine concentrations in the soil.
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Antioxidantes , Atrazina , Bosques , Herbicidas , Plantones , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua , Atrazina/análisis , Herbicidas/análisis , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Antioxidantes/análisis , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/análisis , Plantones/efectos de los fármacos , Contaminantes del Suelo/análisis , Suelo/químicaRESUMEN
In herds of dairy goats, mastitis represents a major health and economic problem due to the multiresistance of some microorganisms. In this context, the study aimed to determine the potential of antimicrobial action and antibiofilm of the crude ethanolic extract (CEE) of Hymenaea martiana (jatobá) leaves, as well its fractions, on Staphylococcus sp isolated from bacterial cultures of goat milk. In vitro assays were performed to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC), as well as tests of the effect of CEE on biofilm formation and quantification and the consolidated biofilm. The experimental infection was performed in two groups, each consisting of five goat. Experimental Group 1 (G1) consisted of five females treated with an intramammary ointment based on the CEE, at a concentration of 5%. Experimental Group 2 (G2) consisted of five females treated with a commercial intramammary ointment based on gentamicin, once a day, for six consecutive days. The diagnosis of mastitis was performed using a bacterial culture. The dichloromethane fraction of CEE was the one with the lowest concentrations of MBC, ranging from 195.3 to 781 µg / ml. Concerning to the biofilm, interference of the tested extract was observed for two isolates. In the present study, the ointment prepared from H. martiana extract (jatobá) was able to reduce bacterial infection in mammary glands experimentally infected with S. aureus. Antibacterial activity may be related to the classes of secondary metabolites found.
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Antibacterianos , Biopelículas , Enfermedades de las Cabras , Cabras , Mastitis , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Extractos Vegetales , Infecciones Estafilocócicas , Staphylococcus aureus , Animales , Femenino , Enfermedades de las Cabras/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedades de las Cabras/microbiología , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/veterinaria , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/microbiología , Staphylococcus aureus/efectos de los fármacos , Staphylococcus aureus/fisiología , Mastitis/veterinaria , Mastitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Mastitis/microbiología , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana/veterinaria , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antibacterianos/administración & dosificación , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/administración & dosificación , Biopelículas/efectos de los fármacos , Leche/microbiología , Hojas de la Planta/químicaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the antimicrobial effect and cytotoxicity of hypochlorous acid(HClO) obtained from an innovative electrolytic device. DESIGN: The root canals of fifty extracted human teeth were inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis and divided into 5 groups (n = 10): DW (control); 2% chlorhexidine gel(CHX); 2.5% sodium hypochlorite(NaOCl); 250 ppm HClO and 500 ppm HClO. The counting of colony forming units evaluated the decontamination potential of each group. Cytotoxicity was evaluated after inoculation of tested protocols in fibroblastic cells for 3 min, calculating the cell viability. Specific statistical analysis was performed (α = 5%). RESULTS: The highest bacterial reduction was observed in experimental groups, with no statistical differences from each other (p > 0.05). The highest number of viable cells was observed in control group, followed by 250 ppm HClO and 500 ppm HClO groups, with statistical differences from each other (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: It could be concluded that HClO presented high antimicrobial activity and low cytotoxicity at both tested concentrations.
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Supervivencia Celular , Enterococcus faecalis , Ácido Hipocloroso , Irrigantes del Conducto Radicular , Hipoclorito de Sodio , Ácido Hipocloroso/farmacología , Enterococcus faecalis/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Hipoclorito de Sodio/farmacología , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Irrigantes del Conducto Radicular/farmacología , Técnicas In Vitro , Clorhexidina/farmacología , Cavidad Pulpar/microbiología , Cavidad Pulpar/efectos de los fármacos , Fibroblastos/efectos de los fármacos , Antiinfecciosos/farmacología , ElectrólisisRESUMEN
Mobile herbicides have a high potential for groundwater contamination. An alternative to decrease the mobility of herbicides is to apply materials with high sorbent capacity to the soil, such as biochars. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of eucalyptus, rice hull, and native bamboo biochar amendments on sorption and desorption of hexazinone, metribuzin, and quinclorac in a tropical soil. The sorption-desorption was evaluated using the batch equilibrium method at five concentrations of hexazinone, metribuzin, and quinclorac. Soil was amended with eucalyptus, rice hull, and native bamboo biochar at a rate of 0 (control-unamended) and 1% (w w-1), corresponding to 0 and 12 t ha-1, respectively. The amount of sorbed herbicides in the unamended soil followed the decreasing order: quinclorac (65.9%) > metribuzin (21.4%) > hexazinone (16.0%). Native bamboo biochar provided the highest sorption compared to rice hull and eucalyptus biochar-amended soils for the three herbicides. The amount of desorbed herbicides in the unamended soil followed the decreasing order: metribuzin (18.35%) > hexazinone (15.9%) > quinclorac (15.1%). Addition of native bamboo biochar provided the lowest desorption among the biochar amendments for the three herbicides. In conclusion, the biochars differently affect the sorption and desorption of hexazinone, metribuzin, and quinclorac mobile herbicides in a tropical soil. The addition of eucalyptus, rice hull, and native bamboo biochars is a good alternative to increase the sorption of hexazinone, metribuzin, and quinclorac, thus, reducing mobility and availability of these herbicides to nontarget organisms in soil.
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Eucalyptus , Herbicidas , Oryza , Quinolinas , Sasa , Contaminantes del Suelo , Triazinas , Carbón Orgánico , Suelo , Adsorción , Monitoreo del Ambiente , Herbicidas/análisis , Contaminantes del Suelo/análisisRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to compare the antimicrobial action, cytotoxicity, cleaning ability, and erosion of dentine of hypochlorous acid (HClO) obtained from an electrolytic device at two different concentrations (Dentaqua) and three concentrations of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). METHODS: Microbiological test-The root canals of sixty single-rooted extracted human teeth were inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis and divided into 6 groups (n = 10), according to decontamination protocol: DW (control); 1% NaOCl; 2.5% NaOCl; 5.25% NaOCl; 250 ppm HClO and 500 ppm HClO. The colony-forming units were counted to evaluate the decontamination potential of each group, calculating the reduction in bacterial percentage. Cytotoxicity test-Cytotoxicity was evaluated after inoculation of the same tested protocols in fibroblastic cells for 3 min, calculating the cell viability percentages. Specifical statistical analysis was performed (α = 5%). Cleaning ability and erosion-Fifty-six single-rooted bovine lower incisors were divided into seven groups of 8 roots each, being the test groups 1% NaOCl; 2.5% NaOCl; 5,25% NaOCl; 250 ppm HClO and 500 ppm HClO, and a negative and positive control. Negative control was not contaminated, and the other groups were inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis. SEM images were ranked as from the cleanest to the least clean. Erosion was also assessed, being ranked from the least to the most eroded dentine. RESULTS: The highest bacterial reduction was observed in experimental groups, with no statistical differences between them (p > 0.05). The highest number of viable cells was observed in control group, followed by 250 ppm HClO and 500 ppm HClO groups, with statistical differences between them (p < 0.05). 1% NaOCl; 2.5% NaOCl; 5.25% NaOCl and 500 ppm HClO displayed the cleanest areas. All sodium hypochlorite groups displayed erosion with higher ranks with greater concentration, while hypochlorous acid did not display any erosion regardless the concentration. CONCLUSIONS: It is possible to conclude that HClO obtained from an electrolytic device presented high antimicrobial activity and low cytotoxicity in both tested concentrations. 500 ppm HClO did not display erosion and showed great cleaning ability. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The use of 500 ppm hypochlorous acid may reduce unfavorable behavior of sodium hypochlorite whilst maintaining its antimicrobial action.
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Cavidad Pulpar , Enterococcus faecalis , Ácido Hipocloroso , Irrigantes del Conducto Radicular , Hipoclorito de Sodio , Hipoclorito de Sodio/farmacología , Ácido Hipocloroso/farmacología , Enterococcus faecalis/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Irrigantes del Conducto Radicular/farmacología , Cavidad Pulpar/microbiología , Animales , Bovinos , Técnicas In Vitro , Dentina/efectos de los fármacos , Dentina/microbiología , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Antiinfecciosos/farmacología , ElectrólisisRESUMEN
This study unveils a novel role of bare graphite as a catalyst in glycerol electrooxidation and hydrogen evolution reactions, challenging the prevailing notion that current collectors employed in electrolyzers are inert. Half-cell experiments elucidate the feasibility of glycerol oxidation and hydrogen production on bulk graphite electrodes at potentials exceeding 1.7 V. The investigation of varying glycerol concentrations (0.05 to 1.5 mol L-1) highlights a concentration-dependent competition between glycerol electrooxidation and oxygen evolution reactions. Employing an H-type glycerol electrolyzer, polarization curves reveal significant activation polarization attributed to the low electroactivity of the anode. Glycerol electrolysis at different concentrations yields diverse product mixtures, including formate, glycolate, glycerate, and lactate at the anode, with concurrent hydrogen generation at the cathode. The anolyte composition changes with glycerol concentration, resulting in less-oxidized compounds at higher concentrations and more oxidized compounds at lower concentrations. The cell voltage also influences the product formation selectivity, with an increased voltage favoring more oxidized compounds. The glycerol concentration also affects hydrogen production, with lower concentrations yielding higher hydrogen amounts, peaking at 3.5 V for 0.05 mol L-1. This model quantitatively illustrates graphite's contribution to current and product generation in glycerol electrolyzers, emphasizing the significance of background current and products originating from current collectors if in contact with the reactants. These results have an impact on the efficiency of the electrolyzer and raise questions regarding possible extra non-noble "nonparticipating" current collectors that could affect overall performance. This research expands our understanding of electrocatalysis on graphite surfaces with potential applications in optimizing electrolyzer configurations for enhanced efficiency and product selectivity.
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The leaching of herbicides into the soil is essential to control germinating seeds and parts of vegetative weeds. However, herbicide transportation to deeper soil layers can result in groundwater contamination and, consequently, environmental issues. In this research, our objective was to investigate differences in herbicide leaching between commercial formulations and analytical standards using three different soils. Leaching experiments were carried out for diuron, hexazinone, and sulfometuron-methyl herbicides isolated and in binary and ternary mixtures. The herbicide residue quantification was performed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometer (LC-MS/MS). Diuron had less mobility in soils and was retained in the most superficial layers. Hexazinone and sulfometuron-methyl were more mobile and leached into deeper layers. The leaching process was more intense for hexazinone and sulfometuron-methyl. The additives present in the commercial formulation favored the leaching in soils of diuron, hexazinone, and sulfometuron-methyl herbicides isolated and mixture compared to the analytical standard. This fact highlights the importance of considering these effects for the positioning of herbicides in the field to increase the efficiency of weed control and minimize the potential for environmental contamination.
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This study investigates the interaction between sakuranetin, a versatile pharmaceutical flavonoid, and monolayers composed of unsaturated phospholipids, serving as a surrogate for cell membranes. The phospholipids were 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) and 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (POPE). We conducted a series of experiments to comprehensively investigate this interaction, including surface pressure assessments, Brewster angle microscopy (BAM), and polarization-modulated infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS). Our findings unequivocally demonstrate that sakuranetin interacts with these phospholipids, expanding the monomolecular films. Notably, regarding POPC, the presence of sakuranetin led to a reduction in stability and a decline in surface elasticity, which can likely be attributed to intricate molecular rearrangements at the interface. The visual evidence of aggregations in BAM images reinforces the interactions substantiated by PM-IRRAS, highlighting sakuranetin's interaction with the polar and nonpolar regions of POPC. However, it is worth noting that these aggregations do not appear to contribute significantly to the viscosity of the mixed film, and our investigations did not reveal any substantial hysteresis. In contrast, when examining POPE, we observed a minor reduction in thermodynamic stability, indicative of fewer rearrangements within the monolayer. This notion was further reinforced by the limited presence of aggregations in the BAM images. Sakuranetin also increased the rigidity of the lipid monolayer; nevertheless, the monolayer remained predominantly elastic, facilitating easy re-spreading on the surface, especially for the first lipid. PM-IRRAS analysis unveiled interactions between sakuranetin and POPE's polar and nonpolar segments, compellingly explaining the observed monolayer expansion. Taken together, our data suggest that sakuranetin was more effectively incorporated into the monomolecular layer of POPE, indicating that membranes comprised of POPC might exhibit a greater degree of interaction in the presence of this pharmacologically active compound.
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Fosfolípidos , Fitoalexinas , Agua , Agua/química , Propiedades de Superficie , Fosfolípidos/química , FlavonoidesRESUMEN
Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) abuse is often associated with metabolic disorders and infertility. However, the current evidence on AAS-induced reproductive toxicity is mainly based on male studies. Thus, AAS repercussions on female reproductive capacity remain poorly understood, despite scarce evidence that fertility determinants may be more severely impaired in females than males exposed to these drugs. Accordingly, this study used an integrated framework to investigate the impact of different testosterone 17ß-cyclopentylpropionate (TC) doses on pain sensitivity, aggressiveness, anxiety, sexual behavior, ovarian, oviductal, uterine and reproductive morphofunctional and molecular outcomes. These parameters were used to explore the reproductive capacity in female mice exposed to this synthetic testosterone ester. The animals were untreated or intraperitoneally treated with 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg TC every 48 h for 12 weeks. Our findings indicated that testosterone was upregulated while the hormones luteinizing, follicle-stimulating, estrogen and progesterone were down-regulated by TC. This AAS also exerted deleterious effects on anxiety, aggressivity, nociception, exploratory and sexual behavior in female mice. Concurrently, TC attenuated ovarian follicle maturation, interrupted the estrous cycle, induced oviductal and uterine hypotrophy. Estrous cyclicity was reestablished 60 days after AAS treatment. However, TC-treated mice still exhibited impaired reproductive capacity, a disturbance potentially related to deficiency in folliculogenesis, sex hormones production, and endometrial receptivity mediate by ER-α, PR, HOXA-10 and LIF down-regulation. Taken together, our findings indicated that in addition to female behavior, reproductive organs microstructure and function are markedly impaired by TC in a dose-dependent manner, whose time-dependent reversibility remains to be clarified.
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Anabolizantes , Masculino , Femenino , Ratones , Animales , Anabolizantes/farmacología , Testosterona/farmacología , Congéneres de la Testosterona , Reproducción , Progesterona/farmacologíaRESUMEN
A 62-year-old male patient presented for cataract surgery under retrobulbar block anesthesia. After the regional block, the patient exhibited sudden onset and progressive symptoms of nausea, vomiting, central-type vertigo, and hearing loss. These symptoms subsided within 2 hours, and the patient was discharged after 2 days without any residual effects. This report demonstrates a combination of auditory and vertiginous symptoms after a retrobulbar block. It emphasizes continuous care and vigilance when using regional anesthesia due to the potential risks and varied complications.
Asunto(s)
Anestesia de Conducción , Extracción de Catarata , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anestesia de Conducción/efectos adversos , CaraRESUMEN
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are known risk factors for gastrointestinal (GI) cancers. However, GI carcinogenesis in lean NAFLD patients remains unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to investigate the association between lean NAFLD and GI cancer risk. METHODS: PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library databases were systematically searched (from inception date to April 2023) for cohort studies assessing GI cancers in lean (body mass index [BMI] < 25 kg/m2 or < 23 kg/m2 in Asians) and non-lean (BMI ≥25 kg/m2 or ≥ 23 kg/m2 in Asians) NAFLD individuals. Data from eligible studies were extracted, and meta-analysis was carried out using a random effects model to obtain risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Subgroup analyses, meta-regressions and sensitivity analyses were also performed. This study was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023420902). RESULTS: Eight studies with 56,745 NAFLD individuals (11% were lean) and 704 cases of incident GI cancers were included. Lean NAFLD was associated with higher risk of hepatic (RR 1.77, 95% CI 1.15-2.73), pancreatic (RR 1.97, 95% CI 1.01-3.86) and colorectal cancers (RR 1.53, 95% CI 1.12-2.09), compared to non-lean NAFLD. No significant differences were observed for oesophagus, gastric, biliary and small intestine cancers. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that lean NAFLD patients have an increased risk of liver, pancreatic and colorectal cancers compared to non-lean NAFLD patients, emphasizing the need to explore tailored cancer prevention strategies for this specific patient group. Further research is required to explore the mechanisms underlying the association between lean NAFLD and specific GI cancers.