RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Drugs used for Parkinson's disease (PD) are mainly responsible for only relieving major symptoms, but may present several side effects that are typical of such pharmacological treatment. METHODS: This study aimed to use in silico methods for drug designing inhibitors of the PD therapeutic target, monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B). Thus, 20 MAO-B inhibitors from the BindingDB database were selected followed by a calculation of their descriptors at DFT B3LYP/6-31G** level of theory. RESULTS: Statistical analysis considering a Pearson correlation matrix led to the selection of electrophilicity index as a descriptor related to the biological activity of inhibitors. Furthermore, based on the prediction of suitable ADME/Tox properties, the molecule CID 54583085 was selected as a template to carry out structural modifications to obtain 3 analogues, whereas molecules B and C showed significant improvement in mutagenicity and carcinogenicity, in relation to the template. CONCLUSION: Thus, it is concluded that the proposed modifications led us to satisfactory results, since there was an improvement in the toxicological properties of molecules, however, further studies must be carried out to evaluate their biological activities as possible MAO-B inhibitors for PD treatment.
Asunto(s)
Antiparkinsonianos/química , Diseño de Fármacos , Inhibidores de la Monoaminooxidasa/química , Monoaminooxidasa/metabolismo , Enfermedad de Parkinson/enzimología , Antiparkinsonianos/uso terapéutico , Humanos , Inhibidores de la Monoaminooxidasa/uso terapéutico , Enfermedad de Parkinson/tratamiento farmacológico , Electricidad Estática , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: The enzyme Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3-ß (GSK-3ß) is related to neuronal cell degeneration, representing a promising target to treat Alzheimer's Disease (AD). METHODS: In this work, we performed a molecular modeling study of existing GSK-3ß inhibitors by means of evaluation of their IC50 values, derivation of a pharmacophore model, molecular docking simulations, ADME/Tox properties predictions, molecular modifications and prediction of synthetic viability. RESULTS: In this manner, inhibitor 15 (CID 57399952) was elected a template molecule, since it demonstrated to bear relevant structural groups able to interact with GSK-3ß, and also presented favorable ADME/Tox predicted properties, except for mutagenicity. Based on this inhibitor chemical structure we proposed six analogues that presented the absence of alerts for mutagenic and carcinogenic activity, both for rats and mouse; likewise they all presented low risk alerts for inhibition of hERG and medium prediction of synthetic viability. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that the analogues of GSK-3ß inhibitors were optimized in relation to the toxicity endpoint of the template molecule, being, therefore, presented as novel and promising drug candidates for AD treatment.
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Inhibidores Enzimáticos/química , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/farmacología , Glucógeno Sintasa Quinasa 3 beta/antagonistas & inhibidores , Simulación del Acoplamiento Molecular , Enfermedad de Alzheimer/tratamiento farmacológico , Concentración 50 InhibidoraRESUMEN
Parkinson's Disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease in the elderly population, with a higher prevalence in men, independent of race and social class; it affects approximately 1.5 to 2.0% of the elderly population over 60 years and 4% for those over 80 years of age. PD is caused by the necrosis of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, which is the brain region responsible for the synthesis of the neurotransmitter dopamine (DA), resulting in its decrease in the synaptic cleft. The monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) degrades dopamine, promoting the glutamate accumulation and oxidative stress with the release of free radicals, causing excitotoxicity. The PD symptoms are progressive physical limitations such as rigidity, bradykinesia, tremor, postural instability and disability in functional performance. Considering that there are no laboratory tests, biomarkers or imaging studies to confirm the disease, the diagnosis of PD is made by analyzing the motor features. There is no cure for PD, and the pharmacological treatment consists of a dopaminergic supplement with levodopa, COMT inhibitors, anticholinergics agents, dopaminergic agonists, and inhibitors of MAO-B, which basically aims to control the symptoms, enabling better functional mobility and increasing life expectancy of the treated PD patients. Due to the importance and increasing prevalence of PD in the world, this study reviews information on the pathophysiology, symptomatology as well as the most current and relevant treatments of PD patients.
Asunto(s)
Dopaminérgicos/uso terapéutico , Enfermedad de Parkinson/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedad de Parkinson/fisiopatología , Biomarcadores/sangre , Biomarcadores/líquido cefalorraquídeo , Antagonistas Colinérgicos/uso terapéutico , Agonistas de Dopamina/uso terapéutico , Humanos , Levodopa/uso terapéutico , Esperanza de Vida , Inhibidores de la Monoaminooxidasa/uso terapéutico , Estrés Oxidativo , Enfermedad de Parkinson/diagnósticoRESUMEN
Cannabis sativa withdrawal syndrome is characterized mainly by psychological symptoms. By using computational tools, the aim of this study was to propose drug candidates for treating withdrawal syndrome based on the natural ligands of the cannabinoid typeâ 1 receptor (CB1). One compound in particular, 2-n-butyl-5-n-pentylbenzene-1,3-diol (ZINC1730183, also known as stemphol), showed positive predictions as a human CB1 ligand and for facile synthetic accessibility. Therefore, ZINC1730183 is a favorable candidate scaffold for further research into pharmacotherapeutic alternatives to treat C.â sativa withdrawal syndrome.