RESUMEN

Our study helps to unravel the complexity of the Lomagundi-Jatuli event, the largest and longest positive carbon isotope excursion ever recorded on the Earth's surface, by providing a unique view of Paleoproterozoic graphitic rocks from the Borborema province of Northeastern Brazil. Through detailed mineralogical, textural, chemical and isotopic analyses, we bring a new perspective that provide support to elevated primary productivity and large-scale organic carbon burial during the Lomagundi-Jatuli event. Graphite crystals with distinctive textural features occur in association with silicate and oxidised manganese ores, manganese quartzites, garnetites, and gneisses. The graphites were crystallised at temperatures up to 634 °C, consistent with amphibolite facies metamorphism, according to Raman thermometry. An average total carbon content of 2.1 wt%, with δ13C values ranging from - 15.0 to - 21.5‰, is indicated by whole-rock geochemistry and carbon isotopic composition, respectively. Based on these results, our study proposes that these graphitic rocks may represent remnants of organic matter, possibly derived from bacterial biomass associated with manganese-rich sediments, preserved under reducing environmental conditions in a redox-stratified marine setting. Biological mediation on the origin of silicates is suggested by the close relationship between reduced manganese silicates and graphite. These constraints indicate that Paleoproterozoic graphite-rich rocks represent an important but overlooked reservoir of organic carbon that was partially degassed during the metamorphism of organic-rich sequences. Overall, this research provides new insights for the enigmatic emergence of the Lomagundi-Jatuli event, highlighting the intricate interplay among organic carbon, manganese-rich rocks and Earth's evolutionary processes during this period.

RESUMEN

This study aimed to determine the underlying factors influencing street food vendors' implementation of food safety behaviours related to food handling. A questionnaire based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour was applied to 303 street food vendors in Southern Brazil. Open-ended questions identified that consequences related to consumers were important factors influencing street food vendors' food safety behaviour. Also, water supply and lack of water were identified, respectively, as possible facilitators and barriers to carry out food safety behaviours such as handwashing and cleaning the shelf used to prepare food. Optimistic bias was identified and the majority of street food vendors gave positive results related to perceived behavioural control, subjective norm, attitude and behavioural intention. Improvements are needed in government regulation, infrastructure and food safety training for this sector, with measures that reflect and are adapted to the street food environment.

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar los factores subyacentes que influyen en la implementación del comportamiento de seguridad de los alimentos en la manipulación de alimentos por vendedores ambulantes de alimentos. Se aplicó un cuestionario basado en la Teoría del Comportamiento Planificado a 303 vendedores ambulantes de alimentos en el sur de Brasil. Las preguntas abiertas identificaron que las consecuencias relacionadas con los consumidores eran factores importantes que influían en el comportamiento de seguridad de los alimentos por parte de los vendedores ambulantes de alimentos. También se identificaron el suministro de agua y la falta de agua, respectivamente, como posibles facilitadores y barreras para realizar comportamientos de seguridad de los alimentos como lavarse las manos y limpiar la mesa de trabajo que utilizan para preparar los alimentos. Se identificó sesgo optimista y la mayoría de los vendedores ambulantes de alimentos dieron resultados positivos relacionados con el control conductual percibido, la norma subjetiva, la actitud y la intención de comportamiento. Se necesitan mejoras en la regulación gubernamental, la infraestructura y la capacitación en seguridad de los alimentos para el sector, con medidas que reflejen y se adapten al entorno de la comida callejera.

RESUMEN

Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

A inseminação artificial em tempo fixo (IATF) é uma biotécnica com inúmeras vantagens para a produção de bovinos. Para a realização da IATF, as fêmeas bovinas devem receber um protocolo farmacológico que induz a ovulação de forma sincronizada. Esse protocolo inicia com a inserção de um dispositivo impregnado com progesterona que deve permanecer no fundo vaginal da fêmea por tempo determinado. O presente relato tem por objetivo descrever a remoção de um implante impregnado com progesterona que foi encontrado na cavidade abdominal de uma novilha. Durante um atendimento reprodutivo de rotina em uma propriedade rural, uma novilha da raça Jersey, recém-adquirida, com histórico de ter sido submetida à IATF, foi avaliada para diagnóstico de gestação. No exame a novilha não estava gestante e apresentava um cisto folicular ovariano. A novilha foi submetida novamente à IATF em que foi inserido e removido um implante, com isso o cisto regrediu e ao inseminar a novilha não foi possível passar a cérvix com o aplicador. Vinte dias após a inseminação a novilha manifestou estro e ao ser avaliada para nova inseminação, foi identificado um implante solto na cavidade abdominal da novilha. Foi realizada uma laparotomia pelo flanco esquerdo e o implante foi removido. Após a recuperação da cirurgia a novilha foi inseminada e novamente e ficou gestante. Os protocolos de IATF devem ser realizados por profissionais capacitados para evitar problemas como a presente situação em que um implante foi encontrado na cavidade abdominal de uma novilha.(AU)

The fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) is a biotechnique with numerous advantages for cattle production. In order to perform the FTAI, the cows must receive a pharmacological protocol to induce ovulation in a synchronized way. This protocol begins with the insertion of a device impregnated with progesterone that must remain in the vaginal fundus of the cow for a specific period of time. This report aims at describing the removal of a progesterone impregnated implant that was found in the abdominal cavity of a heifer. During a routine reproductive service in a rural property, a recently acquired Jersey heifer, with history of having been submitted to FTAI, was evaluated for pregnancy diagnosis. At the exam, it was observed that the heifer was not pregnant and presented an ovarian follicular cyst. The heifer was then submitted to FTAI again, where an implant was inserted and removed. This made the cyst to recede, and upon subsequent insemination, the applicator was not able to pass the cervix. Twenty days after insemination, the heifer was in estrus and when it was evaluated for insemination, a loose implant was identified in the abdominal cavity of the heifer. A laparotomy was performed through the left flank and the implant was removed. After recovery from the surgery, the heifer was inseminated again and became pregnant. The FTAI protocols should only be carried out by trained professionals to avoid problems such as the one presented herein, where an implant was found in the abdominal cavity of a heifer.(AU)

La inseminación artificial a tiempo fijo (FTAI) es una biotécnica con numerosas ventajas para la producción de ganado. Para realizar FTAI, las hembras bovinas deben recibir un protocolo farmacológico que induzca la ovulación de forma sincronizada. Este protocolo comienza con la inserción de un dispositivo impregnado con progesterona que debe permanecer en el fondo vaginal de la hembra durante un tiempo específico. Este informe tiene como objetivo describir la extracción de un implante impregnado de progesterona que se encontró en la cavidad abdominal de una novilla. Durante la atención reproductiva de rutina en una propiedad rural, se evaluó el diagnóstico de preñez de una novilla de Jersey recién adquirida con antecedentes de someterse a FTAI. En el examen, la novilla no estaba embarazada y tenía un quiste folicular ovárico. La novilla fue nuevamente sometida a FTAI, en la cual se insertó y removió un implante, con esto el quiste retrocedió y al inseminar a la novilla no fue posible pasar el cérvix con el aplicador. Veinte días después de la inseminación, la vaquilla manifestó estro y cuando se evaluó para una nueva inseminación, se identificó un implante suelto en la cavidad abdominal de la vaquilla. Se realizó una laparotomía a través del flanco izquierdo y se extrajo el implante. Después de recuperarse de la cirugía, la novilla fue inseminada y nuevamente quedó embarazada. Los protocolos FTAI deben ser realizados por profesionales capacitados para evitar problemas como la situación actual donde se encontró un implante en la cavidad abdominal de una novilla.(AU)

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Under conditions of high temperature, humidity, and incidence of solar radiation, dairy cows use behavioral changes as a strategy to decrease the metabolic heat production at pasture. The objective of this study was to evaluate the behavioral and physiological responses of Gyr and Girolando (5/8 Holstein 3/8 Gyr, and ½ Holstein ½ Gyr) dairy cows submitted to environments with and without shade. The experiment was conducted at Embrapa Cerrados (Technology Center for Dairy Zebu breeds-CTZL), Brasilia, Distrito Federal-Brazil, with 48 Gyr and Girolando cows total in the lactation group, with low to medium milk production, in full sun or shade with Eucalyptus urograndis (267 plants/ha-1). The physiological and behavioral characteristics evaluated were panting score, superficial temperature, and time spent grazing, ruminating, and lying down. Other traits included skin and coat thickness, hair diameter, density and length, and predominant coat color. In addition, body measurements, such as body length, the height of withers, chest circumference, and shin circumference, were measured. Shaded cows had 34% longer rumination times than cows in full sun (p = 0.01). With a temperature-humidity index ranging from 79 to 83, the rumination time was 1.7 times higher in cows under shade (p = 0.01) during a 24-h period of observation. There were no significant differences in the grazing time between the environments, but lying time was 23% longer in cows under the sun (p = 0.01). The panting score was not influenced by the environment (p = 0.17). Girolando cows had a 35% higher panting score than Gyr cows (p = 0.01) regardless of the environment. The panting score increased two and a half times during the afternoon compared with the morning (p = 0.01). The surface and rectal core temperatures had significant differences between treatments and time of the day. Body measurements were not different between cows in both environments, but there was a difference between breeds. The use of trees in pastures with a silvopastoral system for dairy zebu cows is indicated to improve grazing behavior, as well as time spent ruminating and lying down.

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate all-cause mortality in approximately three years of follow-up and related sociodemographic, behavioral and health factors in community-dwelling older adults in Pelotas, RS. METHODS: This was a longitudinal observational study that included 1,451 older adults (≥ 60 years) who were interviewed in 2014. Information on mortality was collected from their households in 2016-2017 and confirmed with the Epidemiological Surveillance department of the city and by documents from family members. Associations between mortality and independent variables were assessed by crude and multiple Cox regression, with hazard ratio with respective 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). RESULTS: Almost 10% (n = 145) of the participants died during an average of 2.5 years of follow-up, with a higher frequency of deaths among males (12.9%), ?80 years (25.2%), widowhood (15.0%), no education (13.8%) and who did not work (10.5%). Factors associated with higher mortality were: being a male (HR = 2.8; 95%CI 1.9 - 4.2), age ?80 years (HR = 3.9; 95%CI 2.4 - 6.2), widowhood (HR = 2.2; 95%CI 1.4 - 3.7), physical inactivity (HR = 2.3; 95%CI 1.1 - 4..6), current smoking (HR = 2.1; 95%CI 1.2 - 3.6), hospitalizations in the previous year (HR = 2.0; 95%CI 1.2 - 3.2), depressive symptoms (HR = 2.0; 95%CI 1.2 - 3,4) and dependence for two or more daily life activities (HR = 3.1; 95%CI 1,7 - 5.7). CONCLUSION: The identification of factors that increased the risk of early death makes it possible to improve public policies aimed at controlling the modifiable risk factors that can lead to aging with a better quality of life.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: Current estimates suggest that 317 million occupational accidents occur annually worldwide. OBJECTIVES: To estimate the prevalence of occupational accidents and associated variables in the Brazilian workforce. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed using data from adults aged 18 or older who participated in the National Health Survey (Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde) (2013). This study was based on participants' responses to questions regarding their history of occupational accidents in the previous 12 months. Socioeconomic, lifestyle and health-related variables were also examined. Prevalence rates and ratios were calculated using Poisson multivariate regression models (with 95% confidence intervals), followed by Wald's tests for robust variance estimation. RESULTS: The prevalence of occupational accidents was 2.79% (95% confidence interval, 2.53-3.08%). These incidents were associated with male gender (prevalence ratio = 1.42; 95% confidence interval, 1.14-1.77), living in rural areas (prevalence ratio = 1.27; 95% confidence interval, 1.06-1.62), age 18 to 24 (prevalence ratio = 2.02; 95% confidence interval, 1.20-3.40), illiteracy (prevalence ratio = 3.12; 95% confidence interval, 1.96-4.96) and having two or more chronic illnesses (prevalence ratio = 2.12; 95% confidence interval, 1.29-3.47). CONCLUSIONS: Though the prevalence of occupational accidents in the Brazilian workforce was low, these incidents were associated with multimorbidity, socioeconomic status and lifestyle variables.

RESUMEN

Ozone (O3) is a molecule composed of three oxygen atoms, highly unstable, capable of reacting with various substances of the human and animal organism, giving rise to by-products that will participate in biochemical reactions. Thus, O3 has a wide mechanism of action and can be used in different diseases of large animals. In those animals, the therapy is used mainly in reproductive diseases and wound healing.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: According to the World Health Organization (2018), recent changes in the epidemiological profile of working populations point to an increase in non-communicable chronic illnesses and a decrease in communicable chronic illnesses. OBJECTIVES: To estimate the prevalence of multimorbidity in the Brazilian working population (≥18 years) and identify associated factors based on data from the 2013 national health survey (Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde). METHODS: This was a cross sectional study based on data from the 2013 national health survey, which included n = 47,629 people aged 18 years or older. As part of the survey, participants were asked whether they had ever been diagnosed with any of several chronic diseases. The prevalence of multimorbidity in this population and its association with socioeconomic, lifestyle and occupational characteristics were examined. Bivariate analyses were used to calculate prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Multivariate analyses were conducted using Poisson regression and Wald's tests to estimate the coefficients of significant variables. RESULTS: The prevalence of multimorbidity was 19.98% (95% confidence interval: 19.29%-20.70%). Higher rates of multimorbidity were associated with female gender, age 60 years or older, living with a spouse, past history of smoking, low education levels (illiterate/primary), living in urban areas, having medical or dental insurance and a history of work accidents. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of multimorbidity in the Brazilian population is low. When present, multimorbidity is associated with specific occupational, socioeconomic and lifestyle characteristics.

RESUMEN

This study characterized and related yeasts of the genus Candida isolated from vaginal mucous membranes of women with lesions caused by high-risk HPV for cervical cancer. Forty-two women treated at the Lower Genital Tract Pathology Clinic of the University of São Paulo Medical School Hospital of Clinics were examined, with 30 high-grade (G1) uterine lesions with a mean age of 36.5 years ± 11. 1 and 12 with low grade (G2) uterine lesions with a mean age of 34.7 years ± 15.5. Clinical conditions and laboratory data on HPV were collected from patients' medical records; the socio-demographic data obtained from an appropriate questionnaire. For the study of association between the variables, Odds Ratio analysis was used from the STATA 13.1 program. Patients G1 had a higher prevalence for diabetes and the results indicated 27% prevalence of Candida spp. in vaginal mucosa, in G2 this was 33% in vaginal mucosa. Among the species found in vaginal mucosa of patients, Candida albicans was the most isolated with 88%, followed by C. tropicalis (8%) and C. glabrata (4%). The strains of C. albicans isolated from mucosa presented sensitivity to all antifungal agents tested, unlike the C. tropicalis strain isolated in G2 in vaginal mucosa, which presented a resistance profile to fluconazole. Thus, monitoring and supervision through clinical and laboratory testing of HPV patients is important, reinforcing the need for care, treatment and prevention of HPV-related infections and Candida spp.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

ABSTRACT: Objective: To evaluate all-cause mortality in approximately three years of follow-up and related sociodemographic, behavioral and health factors in community-dwelling older adults in Pelotas, RS. Methods: This was a longitudinal observational study that included 1,451 older adults (≥ 60 years) who were interviewed in 2014. Information on mortality was collected from their households in 2016-2017 and confirmed with the Epidemiological Surveillance department of the city and by documents from family members. Associations between mortality and independent variables were assessed by crude and multiple Cox regression, with hazard ratio with respective 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Results: Almost 10% (n = 145) of the participants died during an average of 2.5 years of follow-up, with a higher frequency of deaths among males (12.9%), ?80 years (25.2%), widowhood (15.0%), no education (13.8%) and who did not work (10.5%). Factors associated with higher mortality were: being a male (HR = 2.8; 95%CI 1.9 - 4.2), age ?80 years (HR = 3.9; 95%CI 2.4 - 6.2), widowhood (HR = 2.2; 95%CI 1.4 - 3.7), physical inactivity (HR = 2.3; 95%CI 1.1 - 4..6), current smoking (HR = 2.1; 95%CI 1.2 - 3.6), hospitalizations in the previous year (HR = 2.0; 95%CI 1.2 - 3.2), depressive symptoms (HR = 2.0; 95%CI 1.2 - 3,4) and dependence for two or more daily life activities (HR = 3.1; 95%CI 1,7 - 5.7). Conclusion: The identification of factors that increased the risk of early death makes it possible to improve public policies aimed at controlling the modifiable risk factors that can lead to aging with a better quality of life.

RESUMO: Objetivo: Avaliar a mortalidade por todas as causas em aproximadamente três anos de acompanhamento e os fatores sociodemográficos, comportamentais e de saúde em idosos comunitários de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul. Métodos: Foi um estudo observacional longitudinal que incluiu 1.451 idosos (≥ 60 anos) entrevistados em 2014. As informações sobre mortalidade foram coletadas nos domicílios em 2016-2017, confirmadas com o setor de Vigilância Epidemiológica do município e por documentos de familiares. As associações entre mortalidade e as variáveis independentes, por regressão de Cox simples e múltipla, foram apresentadas pelos riscos relativos com os respectivos intervalos de confiança (95%). Resultados: Quase 10% (n = 145) dos participantes morreram durante uma média de 2,5 anos de acompanhamento, sendo a maior frequência de óbitos em homens (12,9%), indivíduos com ≥ 80 anos (25,2%) e viúvos (15,0%). Estiveram associadas ao maior risco de mortalidade: sexo masculino (RR = 2,8; IC95% 1,9 - 4,2), ≥ 80 anos (RR = 3,9; IC95% 2,4 - 6,2), viuvez (RR = 2,2; IC95% 1,4 - 3,7), inatividade física (RR = 2,3; IC95% 1,1 - 4,6), tabagismo atual (RR = 2,1; IC95% 1,2 - 3,8), hospitalização no último ano (RR = 2,0; IC95% 1,2 - 3,2), sintomas depressivos (RR = 2,1; IC95% 1,2 - 3,6) e dependência para duas ou mais atividades diárias (RR = 3,1; IC95% 1,7 - 5,7). Conclusão: A identificação dos fatores que aumentaram o risco de óbito precocemente possibilita melhorar políticas públicas que visem controlar os fatores de risco modificáveis para um envelhecimento com melhor qualidade de vida.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Objetivo: revisar pesquisas brasileiras, identificando os tipos de violência obstétrica, possíveis causas observadas e o papel do enfermeiro nesse cenário. Método: revisão integrativa realizada em 2018, com artigos brasileiros selecionados na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde. Resultados: revisados 16 artigos publicados entre 2004 e 2018. A violência obstétrica pode ser associada a: ofensa verbal e psicológica, expropriação do corpo feminino, privação de acompanhante, falta de informações, privação dos movimentos, banalização da dor e falta de privacidade. Possíveis causas: despreparo institucional e profissional, autoritarismo/hierarquização profissional, medicalização da assistência, nível socioeconômico e escolaridade das mulheres, e negação ou não reconhecimento da violência obstétrica. Conclusão: a enfermeira obstétrica pode contribuir para a redução dessa violência. São necessários mais investimentos na formação dessas profissionais e proporcionar assistência de qualidade no pré-natal e parto.

Objective: review Brazilian researches, identifying the types of obstetric violence, possible causes observed and the role of nurses in this scenario. Method: integrative review realized in 2018, with Brazilian articles selected from the Virtual Health Library. Results: obstetric violence can be associated with: verbal and psychological offense, expropriation of the female body, deprivation of companion, lack of information, deprivation of movement, trivialization of pain, and lack of privacy. Possible causes: institutional and professional unpreparedness, authoritarianism/professional hierarchy, medicalization of care, women's socioeconomic status and education, and denial or non-recognition of obstetric violence. Conclusion: the obstetric nurse can contribute to the reduction of this violence. More investments are needed in the formation of these professionals and provide quality assistance in prenatal and delivery obstetric

Objetivo: revisar las investigaciones brasileñas, identificando los tipos de violencia obstétrica, las posibles causas observadas y el papel del enfermero en este escenario. Método: revisión integradora realizada en 2018, con artículos brasileños seleccionados de la Biblioteca Virtual en Salud. Resultados: la violencia obstétrica puede estar asociada con: ofensa verbal y psicológica, expropiación del cuerpo femenino, privación de compañero, falta de información, privación de movimiento, trivialización del dolor y falta de privacidad. Posibles causas: falta de preparación institucional y profesional, autoritarismo / jerarquía profesional, medicalización de la asistencia, nivel socioeconómico y escolaridad de las mujeres y negación o no reconocimiento de la violencia obstétrica. Conclusión: la enfermera obstétrica puede contribuir para la reducción de esta violencia. Se necesitan mas inversiones en la formación de estas profesionales y proporcionar una asistencia de calidad en prenatal y parto.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

A rápida transição no perfil demográfico e epidemiológico tem registrado o aumento da longevidade, do adoecimento crônico e a precocidade da incapacidade, tornando o sistema de saúde menos preparado para atender a demanda crescente de pessoas com doenças crônicas não-transmissíveis, especialmente aquelas com duas ou mais, conhecido por multimorbidade. Este estudo objetiva estimar a prevalência de multimorbidade na população trabalhadora brasileira (≥18 anos) e conhecer seus fatores associados, considerando os dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde (PNS), 2013. A princípio, foi realizada uma revisão sistemática de literatura baseada no protocolo PRISMA, com o intuito de identificar o impacto da multimorbidade na saúde do trabalhador. Após a revisão, foram desenvolvidos dois estudos de cunho transversal a partir dos dados da PNS, 2013, com n= 47.629 pessoas acima de 18 anos. Foram utilizadas questões do inquérito que respondiam, no segundo estudo, se o indivíduo já havia recebido o diagnóstico de alguma das doenças crônicas incluídas no inquérito e, no terceiro estudo, se já havia se envolvido em algum acidente de trabalho nos últimos 12 meses. Realizamos análise das prevalências da multimorbidade em relação às características socioeconômicas, estilo de vida e do trabalho; análise bivariada com obtenção da razão de prevalência (RP), intervalos de confiança a um nível de 95% (IC 95%); e modelo multivariado por meio da Regressão de Poisson, com teste de Wald para estimação robusta, para variáveis significativas na análise. A prevalência de multimorbidade foi de 19,98% (IC95%: 19,29% - 20,70%) e esteve associada ao sexo feminino, à faixa etária de 60+, conviver com o cônjuge, ser exfumante, ser analfabeto, morar na zona urbana, ter plano de saúde e já ter sofrido algum acidente de trabalho. A prevalência de acidente de trabalho foi de 2,79% (IC95%: 2,53% - 3,08%) e esteve associada ao sexo masculino, à faixa etária de 18 ­ 24, ser analfabeto, ter quatro doenças crônicas associadas e morar na zona rural. Estimou-se uma baixa prevalência de multimorbidade e acidente de trabalho na população trabalhadora brasileira e, esteve associada às características relacionadas ao trabalho, socioeconômicas e de estilo de vida (AU).

The fast transition in the demographic and epidemiological profile has recorded the increase in longevity, chronic illness and the prococity of disability, making the health system less prepared to meet the growinf demando of people with non communicable chronic diseases, especially those with two or more, known as multimorbidity. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of multimorbidity in the brazilian workers population (≥18 years old) and to know its associated factors considering he data from the National Health Survey (PNS), 2013. At first, a systematic literature review was conducted based on the PRISMA protocol, in order to identify the impact of the multimorbidity on workers' health. After the review, two crosses sectional studies were developed based on the data from the PNS, 2013, with n= 47,629 people over 18 years old. Survey questions were used to answer, to second study, whether the individual had alread received the diagnosis of some of the chronic diseases included in the questions and, to third study, whether the individual already involved in some work accident around the last 12 months. We analyze the prevalences of multimorbidity in relation to socioeconomic characteristics, lifestyle and work; bivariate analysis with obtaining the prevalence ratio (RP), confidence intervals at a level of 95% (CI 95%); and multivariate model through Poisson regression, with Wald test robust estimation, for significant variables in the analysis. The prevalence of multimorbidity was 19.98% (95%CI: 19.29% - 20.70%) and was associated with the female gender, to the age range of 60+, to live with the spouse, to be former smoker, to be illiterate, to live the urban area, have health insurance and have already suffered some work accident. The prevalence of work accident of 2.79% (CI95%: 2,53% - 3,08%) and was associated with the male gender, to the age range 18 ­ 24, to be illiterate, to have four chronic diseases and to live the rural área. A low prevalence of multimorbidity and work accident were estimated in the brazilian workers population and was associated with labor, socioeconomic and lifestyle characteristics (AU).

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

The aim of this study was to assess a collection of yeasts to verify the presence of Candida dubliniensis among strains isolated from the oral mucosa of AIDS pediatric patients which were initially characterized as Candida albicans by the traditional phenotypic method, as well as to evaluate the main phenotypic methods used in the discrimination between the two species and confirm the identification through genotypic techniques, i.e., DNA sequencing. Twenty-nine samples of C. albicans isolated from this population and kept in a fungi collection were evaluated and re-characterized. In order to differentiate the two species, phenotypic tests (Thermotolerance tests, Chromogenic medium, Staib agar, Tobacco agar, Hypertonic medium) were performed and genotypic techniques using DNA sequencing were employed for confirmation of isolated species. Susceptibility and specificity were calculated for each test. No phenotypic test alone was sufficient to provide definitive identification of C. dubliniensis or C. albicans, as opposed to results of molecular tests. After amplification and sequencing of specific regions of the 29 studied strains, 93.1% of the isolates were identified as C. albicans and 6.9% as C. dubliniensis. The Staib agar assay showed a higher susceptibility (96.3%) in comparison with other phenotypic techniques. Therefore, genotypic methods are indispensable for the conclusive identification and differentiation between these species.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to assess a collection of yeasts to verify the presence of Candida dubliniensis among strains isolated from the oral mucosa of AIDS pediatric patients which were initially characterized as Candida albicans by the traditional phenotypic method, as well as to evaluate the main phenotypic methods used in the discrimination between the two species and confirm the identification through genotypic techniques, i.e., DNA sequencing. Twenty-nine samples of C. albicans isolated from this population and kept in a fungi collection were evaluated and re-characterized. In order to differentiate the two species, phenotypic tests (Thermotolerance tests, Chromogenic medium, Staib agar, Tobacco agar, Hypertonic medium) were performed and genotypic techniques using DNA sequencing were employed for confirmation of isolated species. Susceptibility and specificity were calculated for each test. No phenotypic test alone was sufficient to provide definitive identification of C. dubliniensis or C. albicans, as opposed to results of molecular tests. After amplification and sequencing of specific regions of the 29 studied strains, 93.1% of the isolates were identified as C. albicans and 6.9% as C. dubliniensis. The Staib agar assay showed a higher susceptibility (96.3%) in comparison with other phenotypic techniques. Therefore, genotypic methods are indispensable for the conclusive identification and differentiation between these species.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Introdução: O trauma raquimedular é um fator de risco para o desenvolvimento de úlcera por pressão, em decorrência das várias alterações sensitivas e motoras que o acompanham. A estimulação elétrica de alta voltagem é um meio de administrar estímulos elétricos para promover a cicatrização de feridas. O uso dessa terapia pode promover o aumento do fluxo sanguíneo, fagocitose, melhora da oxigenação, redução do edema, atração e estimulação de fibroblastos e células epiteliais. Objetivo: Avaliar a eficácia da estimulação elétrica de alta voltagem em um participante do gênero masculino, portador de úlcera por pressão sacral. Métodos: Foi aplicada sobre a úlcera a estimulação elétrica; um eletrodo de borracha siliconizada com gaze estéril embebida em soro fisiológico foi posicionado sobre a lesão. A corrente elétrica foi realizada por um tempo de 45 minutos/sessão, três vezes por semana, durante quatro semanas, totalizando doze sessões. Resultados: Os resultados mostraram uma porcentagem de 17% de redução na área, além de um melhor aspecto da ferida, sugerindo maior número de sessões para resultados mais satisfatórios. Conclusão: Os parâmetros utilizados no presente estudo mostraram-se eficazes em aprimorar a cicatrização da lesão do paciente, porém insuficientes para o fechamento completo da ferida. (AU)

Introduction: Spinal cord trauma is a risk factor for the development of pressure ulcer, due to the various sensory and motor changes that accompany it. High voltage electrical stimulation is a means of dministering electric stimuli to promote wound healing. The use of this therapy may promote increased blood flow, phagocytosis, improvement of oxygenation, reduction of edema, attraction and stimulation of fibroblasts and epithelial cells. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of high voltage electric stimulation in a male participant with sacral pressure ulcer. Method: The electric stimulation was applied on the ulcer. A siliconized rubber electrode with sterile gauze soaked in saline was placed on the lesion. The electric stimulation was performed for a time of 45 minutes / session, three times a week, for four weeks, totaling twelve sessions. Results: The results showed a percentage of 17% reduction in the area, besides a better aspect of the wound, suggesting a larger number of sessions for more satisfactory results. Conclusion: The parameters used in the present study proved to be effective in improving healing of the patient's lesion, but insufficient for complete closure of the wound. (AU)

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Este estudo versa uma reflexão sobre as políticas de atenção à saúde do adolescente, com foco à adolescente gestante. São abordados fatores que possam influenciar de forma positiva, assim como negativamente, o desenvolvimento biopsicossocial do adolescente e de sua família. O objetivo do artigo é despertar o leitor e tratar de reflexões pertinentes aos aspectos relacionados com a saúde e com atenção ao adolescente, na determinação de suas necessidades, observando a adolescência na perspectiva da cultura na qual está inserida. Trata-se, portanto, de um estudo de reflexão crítica, voltado à construção de um novo olhar às políticas de atenção a esta clientela. Para a discussão três temas foram criteriosamente elencados: vulnerabilidade ligada aos aspectos sociais, de sexualidade, situação psicoemocional e violência; adolescentes querem ser aceitos pela sociedade: sou dono de mim; a menina vira mulher com a gravidez? Por considerar ainda lacunas não preenchidas, mesmo frente a amplos estudos voltados à compreensão desta faixa etária, tão conturbada pela busca por sua identidade, que os expõem a riscos para a saúde. Considera-se, então, que a implementação de políticas mais efetivas, que contemplem o adolescente em sua plenitude, poderiam ser de grande auxílio para o seu desenvolvimento, assim como a redução dos riscos sociais aos quais estão vulneráveis.

Asunto(s)