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OBJECTIVE: to describe cases of acute diarrheal disease caused by norovirus in children under 5 years old in São Paulo city, Brazil. METHODS: this was a cross-sectional study using data from Epidemiological Surveillance of Gastroenteritis due to Rotavirus; cases were defined as patients hospitalized in a sentinel unit because of acute diarrheal disease and laboratory identification of norovirus as the etiological agent between 2010 and 2016. RESULTS: during the study period, the proportion of norovirus cases in children under 5 years old exceeded the proportion of Rotavirus, an agent considered predominant in childhood; norovirus was associated with 28.4% of total reported cases, occurring all year round, especially in warmer months. CONCLUSION: norovirus was the leading etiological agent identified in children under 5 years old with acute diarrheal disease in São Paulo city.

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Objective: A single-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of desensitizing agents with different action mechanisms in reducing cervical dentin hypersensitivity (CDH) after four application sessions, with 24-week follow-up. Materials and methods: Sixty patients with CDH were selected in the study and were allocated in three groups of treatment: Desensibilize KF 2%, Clinpro XT Varnish, and Photon Lase III (100 mW, 4 J/cm2-1 J/cm2 each point, 10 sec per point with wavelength of 808 nm). There were four application sessions performed, with a 48-h interval between each one. The evaporative stimuli and visual analog scale were used to evaluate the CDH level at baseline, immediately after treatment, and at 2, 4, 8, and 24 weeks after the application. Mixed-model effects test was used for comparison (α = 0.05).Results: All three groups showed significant reduction in CDH from baseline to each all-subsequent follow-up. All the groups maintained the CDH reduction, and presented no statistical differences between each other after treatment (p = 0.885), 2 (p = 0.857), 4 (p = 0.928), 8 (p = 0.206), and 24 weeks (p = 0.073) of follow-up.Conclusions: The four-session protocol was an effective approach in reduction of CDH (even after 24 weeks), regardless of desensitization mechanism.

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Objetivo: descrever casos de doença diarreica aguda por norovírus em crianças menores de 5 anos do município de São Paulo, Brasil. Métodos: estudo transversal com dados provenientes da Vigilância Epidemiológica das Gastroenterites Causadas por Rotavírus; foi definido como caso o paciente internado em unidade sentinela por doença diarreica aguda e identificação laboratorial do norovírus como agente etiológico, entre os anos de 2010 e 2016. Resultados: durante o período estudado, a proporção de casos de norovírus em menores de 5 anos de idade ultrapassou a proporção de casos de rotavírus, agente considerado predominante na infância; o norovírus foi associado a 28,4% do total de casos notificados, ocorrendo o ano todo, principalmente nos meses mais quentes. Conclusão: norovírus foi o principal agente etiológico identificado em crianças menores de 5 anos com doença diarreica aguda no município de São Paulo.

Objetivo: describir casos de enfermedad diarreica aguda por Norovirus en niños menores de 5 años provenientes del Municipio de São Paulo, Brasil. Métodos: Estudio transversal con datos de la Vigilancia Epidemiológica de las Gastroenteritis causadas por Rotavirus. Se definió como caso el paciente internado en unidad centinela por enfermedad diarreica aguda e identificación de laboratorio del Norovirus como agente etiológico entre los años de 2010 y 2016. Resultados: Durante el período estudiado, la proporción de casos de Norovirus en menores de 5 años superó la proporción de casos de Rotavirus, agente considerado predominante en la infancia. El Norovirus fue asociado al 28,4% del total de los casos notificados, ocurriendo todo el año, principalmente en los meses más cálidos. Conclusión: el Norovirus fue el principal agente etiológico identificado en niños menores de 5 años con enfermedad diarreica aguda en el Municipio de São Paulo.

Objective: to describe cases of acute diarrheal disease caused by norovirus in children under 5 years old in São Paulo city, Brazil. Methods: this was a cross-sectional study using data from Epidemiological Surveillance of Gastroenteritis due to Rotavirus; cases were defined as patients hospitalized in a sentinel unit because of acute diarrheal disease and laboratory identification of norovirus as the etiological agent between 2010 and 2016. Results: during the study period, the proportion of norovirus cases in children under 5 years old exceeded the proportion of Rotavirus, an agent considered predominant in childhood; norovirus was associated with 28.4% of total reported cases, occurring all year round, especially in warmer months. Conclusion: norovirus was the leading etiological agent identified in children under 5 years old with acute diarrheal disease in São Paulo city.

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The aim of this study was to analyze the biomechanical behavior of lower premolars regarding the non-carious cervical lesion (NCCL) depth, load type and restoration status, using finite element analysis. Twodimensional virtual model simulating a healthy lower premolar were created using the CAD software. Based on this image, five models were generated: healthy (H), three types of NCCLs: small lesion (SL ­ 0.5 mm deep), medium lesion (ML ­ 1.0 mm), deep lesion (DL ­ 1.5 mm), and restored lesion (RL). The models were export to a CAE software (ANSYS Finite Element Analysis Software), the areas of all structures were plotted and each model was meshed using a control mesh device. All of the virtual models were subjected to two occlusal load types, (100N each): occlusal load (OL) and buccal load (BL) on buccal cusp. The magnitude and the stress distribution were obtained using the von Mises and maximum principal stress criteria (1), in MPa. The quantitative analysis of stress (MPa) was identified at three points of the NCCLs: enamel surface on its upper wall , dentin at the bottom wall and dentin on the lower wall. The results showed a direct relation between sequential removal of cervical structure and higher stress concentration for any groups and for both loads types. For OL the highest value of stress was 8.8 MPa for DL on upper wall of NCCLs.The BL exhibited higher stress values in comparison to the OL for all models.In addtion, the BL was responsible for providing the highest stress accumulation on the bottom wall, 38.2 MPa for DL. The restoration with composite resin was able to restore a stress distribution close to the healthy model, for both load types. In conclusion, the extent of non-carious cervical lesion and loading conditions influenced the stress distribution pattern of lower premolar. The outer load seems to be more critical in affecting the biomechanical behavior of lower premolars, regardless of the lesion size. The restoration of NCCLs with composite resin appears to recover the biomechanical behavior, similar to healthy model.

O objetivo desse estudo foi analisar o comportamento biomecânico de pré-molares inferiores em relação a profundidade da lesão cervical não cariosa (LCNC), tipo de carregamento e condição da restauração, utilizando a análise por elementos finitos. Modelo virtual bidimensional simulando um pré molar inferior hígido foi criado utizando o software de CAD.A partir dessa imagem, cinco modelos foram gerados: hígido (H), três tipos de LCNCs-lesão rasa (SL-0.5 mm de profundidade), lesão média (ML-1.0mm), lesão profunda (DL-1.5mm), e lesão restaurada (RL). Os modelos foram exportados para o software de CAE (ANSYS Software de Análise por Elementos Finitos), as áreas de todas as estruturas foram plotadas e cada modelo foi malhado utilizando um dispositivo controle de malha.Todos os modelos virtuais foram submetidos a dois tipos de carregamento oclusal (100N cada): carregamento oclusal (OL) e carregamento externo (BL) na cúspide vestibular. A intensidade e a distribuição das tensões foram obtidas utilizando os critérios de von Mises e tensão máxima principal (1),em Mpa. A análise quantitativa das tensões (MPa) foi identificada em três pontos das LCNCs: parede superior em esmalte, parede de fundo em dentina e parede inferior em dentina. Os resultados apresentaram uma relação direta entre a remoção sequencial de estrutura na região cervical e os maiores valores de concentração de tensões para todos os grupos e para os dois tipos de carga. Para OL, o maior valor de tensão foi 8.8 MPa para DL na parede superior da LCNCs. O BL exibiu maiores valores de tensão em comparação ao OL para todos os modelos. Além disso, BL foi responsável por promover o maior acúmulo de tensão na parede de fundo, 38.2 MPa para DL. A restauração com resina composta foi capaz de restaurar uma distribuição de tensões similar a do modelo hígido, para ambos os tipos de carga. Em conclusão, a extensão da lesão e o tipo de carregamento influenciaram no padrão de distribuição de tensões de pré-molares inferiores. A carga externa parece ser mais crítica para afetar o comportamento biomecânico de pré-molares inferiores, independente do tamanho da lesão. A restauração das LCNCs com resina composta, parece recuperar o comportamento biomecânico similar ao do modelo hígido.

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