RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To compare the prevalence of depression among mothers of children with asthma and mothers of children without asthma and to investigate the influence of severity and duration of childhood asthma on maternal depression. METHOD: A cross-sectional study including 80 mothers of children with asthma and 160 mothers of children without asthma who attended the pediatric outpatient clinics of a teaching hospital in Southern Brazil. The main outcome measure was the presence of depression in these mothers, measured by the Beck Depression Inventory. RESULTS: The prevalence of depression was higher among mothers of asthmatic children compared with mothers of non-asthmatic children (43.8% vs. 17.5%, p < 0.001), with an adjusted prevalence ratio of 2.74 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.76-4.25). Mothers of children with persistent asthma had a higher prevalence of depression than mothers of children with intermittent asthma (62.8% vs. 21.6%, p < 0.001), with an adjusted prevalence ratio of 2.77 (95% CI: 1.46-5.27). No significant association was observed between duration of childhood asthma and maternal depression. CONCLUSION: Mothers of children with asthma have a higher prevalence of depression than mothers of children without asthma. The severity but not duration of childhood asthma is associated with maternal depression.
Asunto(s)
Asma/epidemiología , Cuidadores/psicología , Trastorno Depresivo/epidemiología , Bienestar Materno/psicología , Madres/psicología , Adulto , Asma/diagnóstico , Asma/terapia , Niño , Preescolar , Intervalos de Confianza , Estudios Transversales , Trastorno Depresivo/diagnóstico , Escolaridad , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Masculino , Relaciones Madre-Hijo , Prevalencia , Escalas de Valoración Psiquiátrica , Valores de Referencia , Medición de Riesgo , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Perfil de Impacto de Enfermedad , Factores Socioeconómicos , Población UrbanaAsunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Neoplasias/psicología , Calidad de Vida , Brasil/epidemiología , Estudios Transversales , Depresión , Neoplasias/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
The belief that good analysts do not ask, and do not answer, questions is a still-living strange recommendation, transmitted throughout psychoanalytic generations. The authors have extensively reviewed electronic databases and technical texts. They found that interrogative acts are largely omitted from technical considerations, generating a prejudice that does not consider questions as proper psychoanalytic tools, and they discuss possible foundations for this belief. The authors believe that the few authors that have touched on this issue have done so in a non-systematic and frequently incomplete form. Linguistic philosophy presents questions as speech acts: actions that are able to alter the equilibrium of dialogical discourses. This view permits psychoanalysts to understand the potentiality of questions to introduce psychic change because they can, simultaneously, interfere in the self, in the other and in the intersubjective relationship. An internal state of curiosity is described as a component of the mind of the analyst. Based on the argument of the ubiquity of the state of curiosity of the analyst, the authors carried out a set of technical propositions, regarding, on the one hand, when questions are not to be introduced (for instance, in the presence of free associations) and, on the other hand, when they would be useful as expanding factors of the preconscious-conscious system. Considering psychoanalyses as experiences of curiosity, they emphasize that both the internal state of curiosity of the analyst, and the eventual verbal questions put to the patient are potentially positive factors for psychic change. The authors present several clinical vignettes.