RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The importance of psychological reactions in modifying oral health behaviors and salivary immunity has been shown previously, but few studies assessed whether psychological reactions are associated with caries in populations. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine the association of depressive symptoms with untreated caries using a hierarchal approach. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, a random sample of 390 South Brazilians aged 60 years or more was evaluated using a structured questionnaire assessing sociodemographic, behavior, health and depressive symptoms (Geriatric Depression Scale) data. Oral examinations were carried out in order to assess: (1) dental status, using the DMFT index; (2) dental plaque, using the Visible Plaque Index, and (3) unstimulated saliva flow, using the spit method. A hierarchical model based on the framework of caries was carried out to assess whether depressive symptoms were associated with prevalent untreated dental caries (or D >0). RESULTS: Depressive symptoms, number of teeth and plaque accumulation were significant predictors of caries with respect to the D >0 outcome. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that depressive symptoms may act as determinants of caries, adding to the body of knowledge supporting the importance of psychological reactions in oral health/disease processes.
Asunto(s)
Caries Dental/psicología , Depresión/psicología , Vida Independiente , Anciano , Brasil , Estudios Transversales , Índice CPO , Índice de Placa Dental , Escolaridad , Femenino , Evaluación Geriátrica , Conductas Relacionadas con la Salud , Estado de Salud , Humanos , Renta , Masculino , Estado Civil , Persona de Mediana Edad , Salud Bucal , Medicamentos bajo Prescripción , Características de la Residencia , Saliva/metabolismo , Tasa de Secreción/fisiología , Fumar , Cepillado DentalRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Apolipoprotein-E (apoE) ε4 allele is a known risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Polymorphism of apoE is also one of the most important genetic markers for coronary artery disease (CAD). The allelic variation in the apoE gene has a significant effect on inter-individual variation of lipids and lipoprotein plasma levels as well. This study investigated whether apoE polymorphism affects the plasma levels of apoE and the possible association to CAD extent and cognitive functions. METHODS: Plasma apoE levels and apoE genotypes were evaluated of subjects with normal coronary arteries, and individuals with angiographycally confirmed mild/moderate or severe atheromatosis. The cognitive performance of the volunteers was also measured by mini-mental state examination (MMSE). RESULTS: Out of the 6 expected genotypes, only 5 were detected in participants: E3/3 (56.0%), E3/4 (23.6%), E4/4 (8.2%), E2/4 (3.3%), E2/3 (8.9%). The ε3 allele (72%) was the most frequent, followed by ε4 (22%) and ε2 (6%). No difference was found in plasma levels of either apoE or in apoE genotype frequencies among the groups, however MMSE scores of CAD patients irrespective of their atheromatosis extent were significantly lower than that seen in the normal population. CONCLUSIONS: Although neither apoE plasma levels, nor apoE polymorphism in patients presenting with mild/moderate or severe atheromatosis showed to be associated with CAD severity, the presence of atheromatosis in the heart vessels positively correlated with cognitive dysfunction.
Asunto(s)
Trastornos del Conocimiento/genética , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria/genética , Placa Aterosclerótica/genética , Polimorfismo Genético/genética , Adulto , Anciano , Análisis de Varianza , Apolipoproteína E4/sangre , Apolipoproteína E4/genética , Trastornos del Conocimiento/sangre , Angiografía Coronaria/métodos , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria/sangre , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria/complicaciones , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria/diagnóstico por imagen , Análisis Mutacional de ADN , Femenino , Frecuencia de los Genes , Genotipo , Humanos , Lípidos/sangre , Lipoproteínas/sangre , Masculino , Escala del Estado Mental , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pruebas Neuropsicológicas , Placa Aterosclerótica/sangre , Placa Aterosclerótica/etiologíaAsunto(s)
Crup , Adulto , Niño , Preescolar , Crup/diagnóstico , Crup/epidemiología , Crup/etiología , Crup/microbiología , Crup/terapia , Crup/virología , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Epiglotitis/diagnóstico , Epiglotitis/epidemiología , Epiglotitis/terapia , Infecciones por VIH/complicaciones , Infecciones por Haemophilus/complicaciones , Haemophilus influenzae/aislamiento & purificación , Humanos , Lactante , Infecciones del Sistema Respiratorio/complicaciones , Infecciones del Sistema Respiratorio/microbiología , Infecciones del Sistema Respiratorio/virología , Síndrome , Virosis/complicacionesAsunto(s)
Estatura , Crecimiento , Adolescente , Niño , Humanos , Masculino , Proyectos Piloto , Portugal , Población UrbanaRESUMEN
A study of the function, characterization and distribution of T and B lymphocytes in five children with Hodgkin's disease is presented. The results, indicating that lymphocyte depletion in the peripheral blood does not necessarily reflect an overall lack of circulating lymphocytes, are presented to demonstrate that failure of ecotaxis (normal lymphocyte migration and distribution) can occur in man. The underlying reasons for such failure and their relevance to the pathogenesis of Hodgkin's disease are discussed.
Asunto(s)
Linfocitos B , Enfermedad de Hodgkin/inmunología , Linfocitos T , Adolescente , Niño , Preescolar , Relación Dosis-Respuesta Inmunológica , Femenino , Humanos , Recuento de Leucocitos , Activación de Linfocitos , Masculino , Mitógenos/farmacología , Bazo/inmunología , EsplenectomíaRESUMEN
A patient with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis resistant to all tropical therapy has had extensive tests of immunological function carried out before and after administration of transfer factor. Immunological testing has been both specific, directed at responses to candida antigen, and non-specific, directed at general assessment of the patient's immune status. Transfer factor has been administered on three occasions in the past year. After each treatment temporary clinical improvement accompanied by changes in both specific and non-specific immunological responses have been observed. The possible mode of action of transfer factor in this case is discussed.