RESUMEN
Kluyveromyces marxianus yeasts represent a valuable industry alternative due to their biotechnological potential to produce aromatic compounds. 2-phenylethanol and 2-phenylethylacetate are significant aromatic compounds widely used in food and cosmetics due to their pleasant odor. Natural obtention of these compounds increases their value, and because of this, bioprocesses such as de novo synthesis has become of great significance. However, the relationship between aromatic compound production and yeast's genetic diversity has yet to be studied. In the present study, the analysis of the genetic diversity in K. marxianus isolated from the natural fermentation of Agave duranguensis for Mezcal elaboration is presented. The results of strains in a haploid and diploid state added to the direct relationship between the mating type locus MAT with metabolic characteristics are studied. Growth rate, assimilate carbohydrates (glucose, lactose, and chicory inulin), and the production of aromatic compounds such as ethyl acetate, isoamyl acetate, isoamyl alcohol, 2-phenylethyl butyrate and phenylethyl propionate and the diversity in terms of the output of 2-phenylethanol and 2-phenylethylacetate by de novo synthesis were determinate, obtaining maximum concentrations of 51.30 and 60.39 mg/L by ITD0049 and ITD 0136 yeasts respectively.
Asunto(s)
Kluyveromyces , Alcohol Feniletílico , Alcohol Feniletílico/metabolismo , Odorantes , Kluyveromyces/genética , Levaduras/genética , Levaduras/metabolismo , Fermentación , Lactosa/metabolismoRESUMEN
Bovine tritrichomonosis, a sexually transmitted disease caused by the protozoan Tritrichomonas foetus, is characterized by producing reproductive alterations in cattle. Carbohydrates on the surface of the uterine epithelium are involved in the process of adhesion and colonization of the protozoan. The murine model has proved to be an inexpensive, practical and representative alternative to study the lesions produced in the natural host. For this work, during the first stage, 6-8 week old female BALB/c mice were inoculated with 24 different T. foetus isolates in order to classify them according to their pathogenicity. Then, seven isolates were selected and processed with lectin histochemistry to determine if the differences in pathogenicity corresponded to the changes found in the uterine carbohydrate expression pattern. In this work, we demonstrate the differences in the expression of the carbohydrate pattern between infected and uninfected mice. In addition, within the group of infected mice, differences were found in the degree of pathogenicity of the isolates, thus evidencing their biological variability.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Bovinos , Infecciones Protozoarias en Animales , Enfermedades de los Roedores , Tritrichomonas foetus , Bovinos , Animales , Femenino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Útero/patología , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/metabolismo , Carbohidratos , Infecciones Protozoarias en Animales/metabolismo , Infecciones Protozoarias en Animales/patologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Leser-Trelat sign is a rare paraneoplastic syndrome in which one main characteristic presented is an eruption of multiple seborrheic keratoses around different areas of the body. This syndrome has been associated with multiple gastrointestinal malignancies, especially adenocarcinoma of stomach and colon. CASE REPORT: We report a 70-year-old male who presented to the surgery clinic complaining of a persistent lower abdominal pain for the past 2 months. The pain was associated with weight loss and the gradual appearance of multiple seborrheic keratoses in his body. The patient was admitted to the hospital for further evaluation, a CT scan shows an 8.1 × 5.2 cm mass in the mid mesentery and laboratories shows anemia and positive fecal occult blood. The patient was scheduled for an exploratory laparotomy. During the surgery, a large mass was found arising from the ascending colon with invasion into the adjacent sigmoid colon. The mass was sent to pathology and shows a foreign body granuloma. In addition to the surgery, the patient undergoes an endoscopic evaluation to rule out a malignancy from the upper gastrointestinal system, no masses or lesions were found. CONCLUSION: This is the first case reported, as far as our knowledge, of a foreign body granuloma in the association of Leser-Trelat sign. Foreign body granulomas are associated with multiple cellular signaling and this could be the source of the association of the Leser-Trelat sign. Further evaluation is needed to have a better understanding of the association between the Leser-Trelat sign and the formation of a foreign body granuloma.
RESUMEN
Access to detailed information on cells loaded with nanoparticles with nanoscale precision is of a long-standing interest in many areas of nanomedicine. In this context, designing a single experiment able to provide statistical mean data from a large number of living unsectioned cells concerning information on the nanoparticle size and aggregation inside cell endosomes and accurate nanoparticle cell up-take is of paramount importance. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) is presented here as a tool to achieve such relevant data. Experiments were carried out in cultures of B16F0 murine melanoma and A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cell lines loaded with various iron oxide nanostructures displaying distinctive structural characteristics. Five systems of water-dispersible magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) of different size, polydispersity and morphology were analyzed, namely, nearly monodisperse MNP with 11 and 13 nm mean size coated with meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid, more polydisperse 6 nm colloids coated with citric acid and two nanoflowers (NF) systems of 24 and 27 nm in size resulting from the aggregation of 8 nm MNP. Up-take was determined for each system using B16F0 cells. Here we show that SAXS pattern provides high resolution information on nanoparticles disposition inside endosomes of the cytoplasm through the structure factor analysis, on nanoparticles size and dispersity after their incorporation by the cell and on up-take quantification from the extrapolation of the intensity in absolute scale to null scattering vector. We also report on the cell culture preparation to reach sensitivity for the observation of MNP inside cell endosomes using high brightness SAXS synchrotron source. Our results show that SAXS can become a valuable tool for analyzing MNP in cells and tissues.
Asunto(s)
Nanopartículas de Magnetita , Animales , Humanos , Magnetismo , Ratones , Dispersión del Ángulo Pequeño , Difracción de Rayos X , Rayos XRESUMEN
Magnetic hyperthermia is an oncological therapy where magnetic nanostructures, under a radiofrequency field, act as heat transducers increasing tumour temperature and killing cancerous cells. Nanostructure heating efficiency depends both on the field conditions and on the nanostructure properties and mobility inside the tumour. Such nanostructures are often incorrectly bench-marketed in the colloidal state and using field settings far off from the recommended therapeutic values. Here, we prepared nanoclusters composed of iron oxide magnetite nanoparticles crystallographically aligned and their specific absorption rate (SAR) values were calorimetrically determined in physiological fluids, agarose-gel-phantoms and ex vivo tumours extracted from mice challenged with B16-F0 melanoma cells. A portable, multipurpose applicator using medical field settings; 100 kHz and 9.3 kA m-1, was developed and the results were fully analysed in terms of nanoclusters' structural and magnetic properties. A careful evaluation of the nanoclusters' heating capacity in the three milieus clearly indicates that the SAR values of fluid suspensions or agarose-gel-phantoms are not adequate to predict the real tissue temperature increase or the dosage needed to heat a tumour. Our results show that besides nanostructure mobility, perfusion and local thermoregulation, the nanostructure distribution inside the tumour plays a key role in effective heating. A suppression of the magnetic material effective heating efficiency appears in tumour tissue. In fact, dosage had to be increased considerably, from the SAR values predicted from fluid or agarose, to achieve the desired temperature increase. These results represent an important contribution towards the design of more efficient nanostructures and towards the clinical translation of hyperthermia.
Asunto(s)
Óxido Ferrosoférrico/química , Hipertermia Inducida , Melanoma Experimental/terapia , Nanopartículas/química , Sefarosa/química , Animales , Línea Celular Tumoral , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Coloides/química , Microscopía por Crioelectrón , Femenino , Magnetismo , Melanoma Experimental/diagnóstico , Melanoma Experimental/diagnóstico por imagen , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Método de Montecarlo , Nanopartículas/metabolismo , Nanopartículas/toxicidad , Fantasmas de Imagen , TemperaturaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Fragile X syndrome, the most common inherited cause of intellectual disability, is associated with a broad spectrum of disorders across different generations of a single family. This study reviews the clinical manifestations of fragile X-associated disorders as well as the spectrum of mutations of the fragile X mental retardation 1 gene (FMR1) and the neurobiology of the fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP), and also provides an overview of the potential therapeutic targets and genetic counselling. DEVELOPMENT: This disorder is caused by expansion of the CGG repeat (>200 repeats) in the 5 prime untranslated region of FMR1, resulting in a deficit or absence of FMRP. FMRP is an RNA-binding protein that regulates the translation of several genes that are important in synaptic plasticity and dendritic maturation. It is believed that CGG repeat expansions in the premutation range (55 to 200 repeats) elicit an increase in mRNA levels of FMR1, which may cause neuronal toxicity. These changes manifest clinically as developmental problems such as autism and learning disabilities as well as neurodegenerative diseases including fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS). CONCLUSIONS: Advances in identifying the molecular basis of fragile X syndrome may help us understand the causes of neuropsychiatric disorders, and they will probably contribute to development of new and specific treatments.
Asunto(s)
Ataxia/genética , Proteína de la Discapacidad Intelectual del Síndrome del Cromosoma X Frágil/genética , Proteína de la Discapacidad Intelectual del Síndrome del Cromosoma X Frágil/farmacología , Síndrome del Cromosoma X Frágil/genética , Temblor/genética , Ataxia/diagnóstico , Trastorno Autístico , Síndrome del Cromosoma X Frágil/diagnóstico , Humanos , Discapacidad Intelectual , Mutación/genética , ARN Mensajero , Temblor/diagnósticoRESUMEN
ANTECEDENTES: La prevalencia de los miomas uterinos en la gestación es de 0,3 a 2,6% de los cuales un 10% se complican durante el embarazo. El manejo quirúrgico de los miomas en la gestación se reserva solo para los casos complicados. CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente de 36 años, primigesta, que consulta a las 11 semanas de gestación por cuadro de distensión abdominal, edema en extremidades inferiores y sangrado vaginal escaso. El examen físico y la ecografía evidencia un mioma de 23 cm de diámetro y saco gestacional con embrión vivo a nivel de hipocondrio izquierdo. En controles posteriores la paciente empeora clínicamente debido al crecimiento del mioma, presentado dolor abdominal intenso, aumento de edemas en ambas extremidades inferiores. Los estudios de imagen informan ectasia pielocalicial bilateral y compresión de venas ilíacas. Ante los hallazgos y clínica se realiza miomectomía sin incidencias a las 14 semanas de gestación. El postoperatorio y controles posteriores son normales y se programa cesárea a las 37 semanas de gestación. DISCUSIÓN: La miomectomía en la gestación conlleva riesgos de hemorragia y aborto. Se reserva para casos puntuales que no respondan al manejo expectante. La recomendación actual y la experiencia indican que se debe realizar en el segundo trimestre de gestación. CONCLUSIÓN: La miomectomía en la gestación es una técnica que se debe plantear en casos seleccionados y que presenta pocas complicaciones.
BACKGROUND: The prevalence of uterine fibroids in pregnancy is 0.3 to 2.6%, 10% of which complicate during pregnancy. The surgical management of fibroids in pregnant women is reserved for complicated cases. CASE REPORT: The patient is 36 years old, first pregnancy, consulting at 11 weeks of gestation with bloating, edema in the lower extremities and mild vaginal bleeding. Physical examination and ultrasound evidence a 23 cm diameter fibroid and gestational sac with live embryo in the left upper abdominal quadrant. In subsequent tests the patient worsens clinically due to fibroid growth, presenting intense abdominal pain, increased edema in both lower extremities. Imaging studies report pyelocalyceal bilateral ectasia and compression of iliac veins. Given these findings and symptoms a myomectomy is performed without incidents at 14 weeks of gestation. Postoperative and subsequent tests are normal and caesarean section is preformed at 37 weeks of gestation. DISCUSSION: myomectomy in pregnancy carries risks of bleeding and abortion. It is reserved for cases that do not respond to expectant management. The current recommendation and experience indicate that it has to be performed in the second trimester. CONCLUSION: Myomectomy in pregnancy is a technique that should be considered in selected cases and has few complications.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Femenino , Embarazo , Adulto , Neoplasias Uterinas/cirugía , Miomectomía Uterina/métodos , Mioma/cirugía , Primer Trimestre del Embarazo , Neoplasias Uterinas/diagnóstico por imagen , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Cesárea , Mioma/diagnóstico por imagenRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: In 1994 our group began its experience with pediatric liver transplantation. The experience gained during this period is the largest in the country, positioning the Hospital Luis Calvo Mackenna and Clinica Las Condes as major referral centers in the public and private sectors. The aim of this study was to report our experience of our pediatric liver transplantation program during this period. METHODS: The liver transplantation database of Hospital Luis Calvo Mackenna and Clinica Las Condes between January 1994 and July 2011 was reviewed recording age, gender, indications for transplantation, surgical technique, complications, and survival. Survival rates were calculated using Kaplan-Meier analysis. RESULTS: During the period described 230 transplantations were performed in 189 pediatric patients. Fifty-five percent were male patients. The average age was 5 years. The main causes of transplantation were biliary atresia (50%), fulminant hepatic failure (25%), and other cholestatic diseases by 10%. Vascular and biliary complications were the leading cause of graft loss and retransplantation. The overall rate of retransplantation at 5 years was 20%. The technique of living donor was used in 28% of the cases. The 1-year patient actuarial survival rate was 80%, 73% at 5 years, and 68% at 10 years. In the last 3 years the survival rate at 1 year exceeds 90%. DISCUSSION: Our program includes more than 90% of the national liver experience. The incorporation of living donor is a milestone that has enabled us to save many patients who previously died while waiting for an organ. Its use in cases of full acute liver failure has allowed us to dramatically reduce mortality on the waiting list. Our results in the last 3 years reflect the experience that results in a significant decrease in mortality, comparing favorably to other series published in the international literature.
Asunto(s)
Trasplante de Hígado , Factores de Edad , Preescolar , Chile , Femenino , Supervivencia de Injerto , Humanos , Estimación de Kaplan-Meier , Trasplante de Hígado/efectos adversos , Trasplante de Hígado/mortalidad , Donadores Vivos/provisión & distribución , Masculino , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/mortalidad , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/cirugía , Evaluación de Programas y Proyectos de Salud , Reoperación , Factores de Riesgo , Tasa de Supervivencia , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del Tratamiento , Listas de EsperaRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Pediatric liver transplantation is limited by donation. In the last 5 years, urgent conditions have forced transplant teams to accept donors with minor suboptimal conditions, termed "extended donor criteria." Among those, the risk of using severe hypernatremic donors (SHD) for liver transplant is not yet well established. The aim of this study is to report the outcome of pediatric patients receiving grafts from SHD. METHODS: Clinical records of patients transplanted in the last 3 years at Hospital Luis Calvo Mackenna, Santiago, Chile, were reviewed. Outcome was evaluated in terms of patient and graft survival and complications potentially associated to the donor condition. RESULTS: Five of 33 deceased donor transplants presented with SHD. All recipients were waiting transplant in an acute condition, one of them in acute liver failure (ALF). No living related donor was available. Donors' serum sodium was 169 to 193 mEq/L before medical management and between 157 and 172 mEq/L at procurement. One patient died from sepsis related to biliary complications, and the patient suffering ALF developed primary graft nonfunction, received a second transplant 2 weeks later, and recovered to stable medical condition. No other complication was registered in these patients. DISCUSSION: Our findings allow us to postulate that hypernatremic deceased donors may be used for pediatric liver transplant under special circumstances.
Asunto(s)
Selección de Donante , Hipernatremia/complicaciones , Trasplante de Hígado , Donantes de Tejidos/provisión & distribución , Factores de Edad , Biomarcadores/sangre , Cadáver , Niño , Chile , Femenino , Humanos , Hipernatremia/sangre , Hipernatremia/diagnóstico , Hipernatremia/mortalidad , Lactante , Trasplante de Hígado/efectos adversos , Trasplante de Hígado/mortalidad , Masculino , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/mortalidad , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/cirugía , Reoperación , Factores de Riesgo , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Sodio/sangre , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del Tratamiento , Listas de EsperaRESUMEN
Bovine campylobacteriosis caused by Campylobacter fetus is associated with reproductive losses. The knowledge about the mechanisms of bacterial pathogenesis is limited, then a murine experimental model is proposed. BALB/c females and males were used. Two-cell embryos were cultured in Ham-F10 as control group (CG). Treatment groups were constituted by the addition of Cfv 1 and 3, or Cff 2 and 5. Morulae were placed in Ham-F10 (CG); treatment groups were constituted by the addition of Cfv27, CFF (cell-free filtrate) and Brucella broth (BB). Blastocysts were cultured in MEM (CG); challenge group were constituted by the addition of Cfv 27. Differentiation, hatching, hatched, adhesion and expansion were evaluated. Results were analyzed by Chi2 test. In two-cell embryo, the differentiation rate was not modified when the study strains were added (p > 0.05). The differentiation rate at 24 h for embryos at the morula stage was lower for BB, Cfv, and CFF, compared with CG (p < 0.05). After 48 h culture, no differences were observed in blastocyst formation for Cfv and BB, compared to CG (p > 0.05). However, the differentiation rate for the CFF group was lower than for CG (p < 0.05). At 48 and 72 h, the hatching rate was higher in CFF and Cfv groups than in CG (p < 0.05). Differences were not detected in blastocyst cultures. In conclusion, under these experimental conditions, Cf was not detrimental to the development of murine embryos. Efforts will be intensified to establish in vitro infection models that reproduce their pathogenicity.
La campilobacteriosis bovina caudada por Campylobacter fetus produce pérdidas reproductivas existiendo poca información de los mecanismos de patogenicidad de dicha bacteria, por lo cual se propone un modelo utilizando ratones BALC/c. Embriones de dos células fueron cultivados en Ham-F10: grupo control (GC), los grupos experimentales fueron adicionados con las cepas Cfv 1, Cfv 3, Cff 2 y Cff 5. Mórulas fueron cultivadas en Ham-F10 (GC); los grupos tratados recibieron Cfv27, CFF (filtrado libre de células) y caldo Brucella (BB). Blastocistos fueron cultivados en MEM (GC) y MEM más Cfv 27 (grupo desafiado). Se evaluó: diferenciación, "hatching", "hatched", adhesión y expansión. Los resultados fueron analizados por Chi2. En embriones de dos células, la diferenciación no fue modificada por acción de las cepas evaluadas (p > 0,05). Para embriones en estadío de mórula, la diferenciación a las 24 h de cultivo fue menor para BB, Cfv, y CFF, comparado con el GC (p < 0,05). Luego de 48 h de cultivo, no hubo diferencias entre Cfv, BB, y CG (p > 0,05), no obstante para el grupo CFF la diferenciación fue menor al CG (p < 0,05). El porcentaje de "hatching" (48 y 72 h de cultivo), fue mayor en los grupos CFF y Cfv comparado con el GC (p < 0,05). La adición de Cfv 27 no modificó el desarrollo de blastocistos. En el modelo propuesto, Cf no afectó negativamente el desarrollo embrionario. Futuros trabajos serán necesarios para establecer un modelo de infección in vitro en pos de reproducir su patogenicidad.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Ratones , Blastocisto/microbiología , Infecciones por Campylobacter , Campylobacter fetus/fisiología , Embrión de Mamíferos/microbiología , Mórula/microbiología , Técnicas de Cultivo , Ratones Endogámicos BALB CRESUMEN
Since 2010 the Chile's Ministry of Health includes Parkinson's disease (PD) pathology in AUGE. Accordingly, this unit produced a clinical guideline wherein stipulates a specific procedure for assessment and intervention in Primary Care Health Centers. In that guideline, the speech therapy intervention is indicated as fundamental, applicable in a given amount of annual sessions depending on the phase of the disease for each person. Currently there are 518 cases in control in the province of Talca. Therefore, the present investigation aims to establish the level of accomplishment of speech therapy services in Parkinson's disease as required by GES law in Primary Care Health centers of the city of Talca...
Desde el año 2010 el Ministerio de Salud incorpora la Enfermedad de Parkinson (EP) en las patologías AUGE . Para ello elaboró una Guía Clínica en donde se estipula un determinado procedimiento de evaluación e intervención para Centros de Atención Primaria de Salud. En ella, se indica la intervención fonoaudiológica como fundamental, aplicable en una determinada cantidad de sesiones anuales según el estadio de la patología en que se encuentra el sujeto. Actualmente en la provincia de Talca se encuentran 518 casos en control. Por consiguiente, la presente investigación tiene como objetivo establecer el nivel de cumplimiento de la atención fonoaudiológica en la Enfermedad de Parkinson según lo establecido por la ley GES en Centros de Atención Primaria de Salud de la ciudad de Talca...
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Enfermedad de Parkinson/terapia , Atención Primaria de Salud , Fonoaudiología , Chile , Evaluación de Procesos y Resultados en Atención de Salud , Guías de Práctica Clínica como AsuntoRESUMEN
Abnormal interaction between oral epithelium and underlying mesenchematic tissue during odontogenesis could result in teeth with an anatomical variation. First maxilar premolar has such variable root canal morphology. However, (0.2-6% of cases) a three-rooted premolar is particularly uncommon. First mandibular premolar frequently has one root and one single canal (75% of cases), however, a tooth with two canals and two separate roots could be found (19.5-22.5%). Execution of an accurate diagnosis of root canal system is essential to perform a successful endodontic treatment and tooth rehabilitation. This article describes diagnosis, endodontic treatment and rehabilitation (means single crown) of a maxillary three-rooted and three-canal first premolar, and a non-endodontically treated mandibular first premolar with two canals and two independent roots in a single patient.
La interacción anormal entre el epitelio oral y el tejido mesenquimático subyacente durante la odontogénesis puede resultar en la formación de un diente con una variación anatómica. El primer premolar maxilar posee una anatomía relativamente variable, sin embargo, es especialmente poco frecuente (0,2% a 6% de los casos) la presencia de este diente con tres raíces y tres canales radiculares. El primer premolar mandibular posee frecuentemente una raíz y un canal radicular (75% de los casos) y es bastante más infrecuente encontrar este diente con dos raíces y dos canales radiculares (19.5 a 22.5%). Un diagnóstico acabado y preciso de es fundamental para lograr un exitoso tratamiento de endodoncia y posterior rehabilitación. Este artículo describe el diagnóstico, tratamiento de endodoncia y rehabilitación (mediante prótesis fija singular) de un primer premolar maxilar con tres raíces y tres canales radiculares, además el reporte de un caso de un primer premolar mandibular biradicular con dos canales radiculares. Ambos se presentan en un mismo paciente.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Femenino , Adulto , Anomalías Dentarias/terapia , Raíz del Diente/anomalías , Diente Premolar/anomalías , Prótesis e Implantes , Anomalías Dentarias/diagnóstico , Anomalías Dentarias/rehabilitación , Coronas , Cavidad Pulpar , Endodoncia/métodos , Variación AnatómicaRESUMEN
Bovine genital tritrichomonosis is caused by the protozoon Tritrichomonas foetus and leads to embryonic death and abortion. The complexity of handling bovine experimental systems has led to the development of alternative models. The infection has been reproduced in pregnant BALB/c mice. In the pathogenesis of the disease, adhesion of the protozoon to host cell surface glycoproteins is important. Labelling with soya bean agglutinin (SBA) and peanut agglutinin (PNA) lectins increases in the luminal and glandular uterine epithelium of non-pregnant infected mice. The aim of the present study was to determine whether these changes also occur in pregnant infected BALB/c mice. Female BALB/c mice were inoculated intravaginally with T. foetus and, 15 ± 3 days post infection, were paired with males overnight. Infected and control mice were sacrificed 6, 8 and 10 days later. Samples of uterus were labelled with a panel of biotinylated lectins. Infected mice showed increased binding of PNA and SBA. There was also increased binding of concanavalin (Con-A) by luminal epithelium and Ricinus communis agglutinin (RCA-1) by glandular epithelium at day 6 post coitum. These changes may be due to the production of enzymes by T. foetus, which could act to enhance adhesion and colonization and thus favour infection.
Asunto(s)
Lectinas de Plantas/metabolismo , Infecciones Protozoarias en Animales/metabolismo , Tritrichomonas/patogenicidad , Útero/metabolismo , Útero/microbiología , Animales , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Femenino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Fenómenos Microbiológicos , EmbarazoRESUMEN
Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory disease. Its frequency is higher in pale-skinned people and women over 30 years. Disease mechanisms include: abnormalities in innate immunity, inflammatory reactions to microorganisms, ultraviolet radiation damage, and vascular dysfunction. There are four clinical subtypes: erythematotelangiectatic, pustular papules, phymatous and ocular rosacea. Patients may present one or more characteristics of each subtypes. Injuries are classically located in midface area. Extreme temperatures, UV radiation, hot beberages, spicy foods, alcohol, exercise, topical irritants, psychological symptoms and drugs are associated to exacerbations. Clinical evaluation of the patient is usually enough for diagnosis. Nonpharmacologic interventions are essential for treatment. These include avoiding use of cosmetic, and triggers, skin care, and broad-spectrum sun protection. Patients with no response to general measures can respond to pharmacological agents. Topical metronidazole and azelaic acid are considered first-line treatments in mild to moderate disease. Oral tetracycline, have been used for many years for the treatment of papulopustular rosacea. Isotretinoin is useful in refractory disease. Treatment must be continous to maintain the response. (AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Rosácea/clasificación , Rosácea/diagnóstico , Rosácea/tratamiento farmacológico , Rosácea/terapiaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: A randomized clinical study to compare the stress response to laparoscopic cholecystectomy during spinal-general anaesthesia and epidural- general anaesthesia. METHODS: Women undergoing elective laparoscopic chole cystectomy were assigned to receive either spinal anaesthesia (SA group; n = 12) or epidural anaesthesia (EA group; n = 12), in addition to general anaesthesia. Plasma concentrations of cortisol, adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), noradrenaline, adrenaline and total catecholamines were measured pre- and intraoperatively. RESULTS: Intraoperative cortisol, noradrenaline and total catecholamine levels were significantly lower in the SA group compared with the EA group. When pre- and intraoperative values were compared, the SA group showed a decrease in adrenaline, noradrenaline and total catecholamine levels, and the EA group showed an increase in ACTH and noradrenaline levels. CONCLUSIONS: The type of regional anaesthesia significantly affected the stress response: spinal anaesthesia produced a more favourable endocrine response than epidural anaesthesia. Spinal-general anaesthesia may reduce postoperative morbidity in laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Asunto(s)
Anestesia Epidural , Anestesia General , Anestesia Raquidea , Colecistectomía Laparoscópica , Sistemas Neurosecretores/fisiología , Hormona Adrenocorticotrópica/sangre , Adulto , Catecolaminas/sangre , Epinefrina/sangre , Femenino , Humanos , Hidrocortisona/sangre , Norepinefrina/sangre , Estrés Fisiológico , Estrés Psicológico/sangreRESUMEN
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a worldwide health problem that is especially prevalent in young adults. It is characterized by one or more primary injury foci, with secondary spread to initially not compromised areas via cascades of inflammatory response, excitotoxicity, energy failure conditions, and amplification of the original tissue injury by glia. In theory, such progression of injury should be amenable to management. However, all neuroprotective drug trials have failed, and specific treatments remain lacking. These negative results can be explained by a neuron centered approach, excluding the participation of other cell types and pathogenic mechanisms. To change this situation, it is necessary to secure a better understanding of the biological mechanisms determining damage progression or spread. We discuss the biological mechanisms involved in the progression of post-trauma tissue damage, including the general physiopathology of TBI and cellular mechanisms of secondary damage such as inflammation, apoptosis, cell tumefaction, excitotoxicity, and the role of glia in damage propagation. We highlight the role of glia in each cellular mechanism discussed. Therapeutic approaches related to the described mechanisms have been included. The discussion is completed with a working model showing the convergence of the main topics.
Asunto(s)
Lesiones Encefálicas/fisiopatología , Animales , Apoptosis , Muerte Encefálica , Edema Encefálico/etiología , Lesiones Encefálicas/complicaciones , Lesiones Encefálicas/metabolismo , Tamaño de la Célula , Lesión Axonal Difusa/etiología , Lesión Axonal Difusa/patología , Lesión Axonal Difusa/fisiopatología , Ácido Glutámico/metabolismo , Humanos , Hiperglucemia/etiología , Inflamación , Hipertensión Intracraneal/etiología , Hipertensión Intracraneal/fisiopatología , Transporte Iónico , Modelos Neurológicos , Neuroglía/fisiología , Neuronas/patologíaRESUMEN
Introducción: Los Programas de Medicina Preventiva para que tengan un impacto en el nivel de salud deben tener una alta cobertura poblacional. Objetivo: Estudiar la cobertura de los programas preventivos que se realizaron en el Sistema de Salud Público Chileno el año 2007. Material y Métodos: Se revisó la cobertura de los programas preventivos en las bases de datos del Departamento de Estadísticas e Información en Salud del Ministerio de Salud de Chile del año 2007. Resultados: La cobertura global de los programas preventivos medido a través del Índice de Medicina Preventiva fue de0.202. El programa de salud dirigido a los < de 6 años (infantil) fue el que registró una mayor cobertura (0.84), un nivel de cobertura intermedio se observó en los programas de la mujer (0.34) y del adulto mayor (0.29), por su parte los programas dirigidos a la población escolar, adolescente y adulto fueron los que presentaron menores coberturas (<0.1). Discusión: La alta cobertura observada en el programa preventivo dirigido a la población infantil, ha sido un factor que ha favorecido la mejoría en el nivel de salud de este grupo poblacional, particularmente ha contribuido a reducirla mortalidad infantil en Chile. El país debe crear estrategias que permitan incrementar la cobertura en programas preventivos dirigidos a la población escolar, adolescente y adulta, solo de esta forma podrá seguir avanzando en la senda de mejorar el nivel de salud poblacional.
Introduction: In order to have an impact on the level of health, Preventive Medicine Programs should have high population coverage. Objective: To study the coverage of preventive programs which were conducted in the Chilean Public Health System in 2007. Material and Methods: The coverage of preventive programs in the databases of the Department of Health Statistics and Information of the Chilean Ministry of Health in the year 2007 were reviewed. Results: The overall coverage of preventive programs as measured by the index of Preventive Medicine was 0.202. The health program aimed at < 6 years (children) was the one that recorded a greatest coverage (0.84). An intermediate level of coverage was observed in the womens program (0.34) and in that of elderly (0.29). Programs conducted for school children, teenagers, and adults presented a low coverage (<0.1). Discussion: The high coverage observed in the child health preventive program, has been a factor that has led to the improvement of the health status of this population group. Particularly, it has contributed to reduce the infant mortality in Chile. The country must create strategies to increase the coverage of preventive programs aimed at schoolchildren, teenagers and adults. Only in this way we can go on improving the level of population health.
Asunto(s)
Planes y Programas de Salud , Cobertura de los Servicios de Salud , Servicios Preventivos de Salud/provisión & distribución , Chile , Epidemiología , Servicios de Salud Escolar/provisión & distribución , Servicios de Salud para Ancianos/provisión & distribución , Servicios de Salud para Mujeres/provisión & distribuciónRESUMEN
Propósito: El propósito de esta investigación fue realizar un estudio in vitro del sellado marginal de 80 incrustaciones de resina compuesta cementadas con resina compuesta fluida utilizando un sistema adhesivo autograbante (Go!, SDI, Australia) y un sistema adhesivo con grabado ácido total (Stae, SDI, Australia). Método: Las piezas dentarias restauradas fueron puestas en una estufa a 37ºC y 100 por ciento de humedad relativa durante 48 horas para simular las condiciones bucales. Luego fueron sometidas a termociclado, en una solución de azul de metileno al 1 por ciento. Posteriormente las muestras fueron cortadas en sentido vestíbulo lingual o palatino, para ser observadas bajo un microscopio óptico, para evaluar la interfase diente restauración midiendo los porcentajes de filtración para ambos grupos. Resultados: Los resultados fueron analizados estadísticamente mediante el t-test de Student obteniéndose diferencias significativas entre los dos grupos estudiados. Conclusión: Todos los cuerpos de prueba presentaron algún grado de filtración marginal, sin embargo el grupo que utilizó un sistema adhesivo autograbante demostró tener valores significativamente mayores de filtración que el grupo que utilizó el sistema convencional.
Aim: The purpose of this research was to study the marginal sealing in 80 composite resin inlay, bonded with flow composite resin using a Self-etch fluid (Go!, SDI, Australia) versus a total-etching system (Stae, SDI, Australia). Method: The samples were placed in an oven at 37ºC and 100 percent humidity for 48 hours, after which the samples were thermocycled in a methylene blue 1 percent solution. This cycle was repeated 80 times. The samples were cut transversally, the restorations were observed trough an optical microscope to calculate the percentage of filtration in relation to the total length of the cavity to the axial wall. Results: The results were statistically analyzed by Student t-test. And there were significant differences in the marginal leakage. The group that used a Self-etch adhesive system showed significantly higher marginal leakage values than the group that used the conventional system. Conclusion: All the samples showed some degree of marginal leakage, but the group using a self-etching adhesive system showed marginal leakage values significantly higher than the group using the conventional one.