RESUMEN
Introduction: Approximately 25 % of diabetic patients develop diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs), significantly increasing morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. Effective control and prevention are crucial. Objective: This study aims to identify easily measurable parameters for predicting DFU risk by assessing the correlation between Phase Angle (PA) and the Triglyceride-Glucose (TyG) index with DFU risk. Materials and methods: A comparative case-control study was conducted at the General Hospital of Elche from March to June 2023 with 70 participants (33 with diabetes, 37 without). Cases had diabetes for over five years and a diabetic foot risk grade of 0, 1, or 2 (IWGDF 2019). Exclusion criteria included inability to walk, prior use of orthoses, and severe complications like edema or wounds. Predictive variables were PA, TyG index, body composition, and biochemical markers. Statistical analyses included Pearson/Spearman tests for correlations, Student's t-test/Mann-Whitney test for group comparisons, and ANOVA/Kruskal-Wallis tests for normally and non-normally distributed variables. Results: PAand TyG index were strongly linked to diabetic foot risk, supporting their potential as biomarkers. Significant relationships with other relevant biomarkers were also confirmed. Conclusion: PA and TyG index are valuable, easily measurable biomarkers for assessing diabetic foot risk, and can be monitored in primary care settings. Implementing these biomarkers in routine practice could enhance the management of diabetic complications, particularly in resource-limited settings, by enabling early detection and intervention, thus improving patient outcomes and reducing the burden of advanced complications.
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This study evaluated the presence of bacteria and anisakid parasites in 45 samples of raw anchovies in vinegar, a dish widely eaten in Spain, and in 227 samples of cooked fish and cephalopods served in Spanish food service establishments. Our analysis showed that, according to European and Spanish regulation, 14 to 30% of the prepared fish and cephalopod dishes exceeded the maximum allowable level for mesophilic aerobic counts, and 10 to 40% of these samples exceeded the allowable levels for Enterobacteriaceae. None of the studied samples showed evidence of anisakid parasites, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella, or Listeria monocytogenes. These results indicate that application of hazard analysis and critical control points, food safety training courses, and routine inspections in compliance with current European and Spanish legislation help protect consumer health.
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Anisakis/aislamiento & purificación , Contaminación de Alimentos/análisis , Alimentos Marinos/microbiología , Alimentos Marinos/parasitología , Animales , Recuento de Colonia Microbiana , Seguridad de Productos para el Consumidor , Enterobacteriaceae/aislamiento & purificación , Peces , Microbiología de Alimentos , Parasitología de Alimentos , Análisis de Peligros y Puntos de Control Críticos , Listeria monocytogenes/aislamiento & purificación , Restaurantes , Salmonella/aislamiento & purificación , España , Staphylococcus aureus/aislamiento & purificaciónRESUMEN
The possibilities of characterizing the heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) by liquid chromatography electrospray mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS) and matrix-assisted laser desorption with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) were investigated. The B subunit from recombinant E. coli (expression in Pichia pastoris) can be detected by LC/ESI-MS expressed in P. pastoris and the charge envelope signals can be observed; LC/ESI-MS and MALDI-TOF-MS analysis allowed the acquisition of labile toxin subunit B (LTB) molecular weight and preliminary structural characterization of LTB toxin. MALDI-TOF analysis after reduction and alkylation of the protein evidenced the presence of one disulfide bond in the structure of the protein. Confirmatory analysis was carried out by detection of most of the tryptic fragments of the B subunit by MALDI-TOF-MS, obtaining total coverage of the protein sequence. Possible biovariations in the toxin can mostly be determined by sequencing, where an increase of molecular mass in the N-terminal side of the protein was identified. This modification may be due to an O-GlcNAc-1-phosphorylation.
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Toxinas Bacterianas/química , Toxinas Bacterianas/metabolismo , Cromatografía Liquida/métodos , Enterotoxinas/química , Enterotoxinas/metabolismo , Proteínas de Escherichia coli/química , Proteínas de Escherichia coli/metabolismo , Espectrometría de Masa por Ionización de Electrospray/métodos , Espectrometría de Masa por Láser de Matriz Asistida de Ionización Desorción/métodos , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Toxinas Bacterianas/análisis , Toxinas Bacterianas/genética , Disulfuros/química , Enterotoxinas/análisis , Enterotoxinas/genética , Proteínas de Escherichia coli/análisis , Proteínas de Escherichia coli/genética , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Peso Molecular , Fosforilación , Pichia/genética , Subunidades de Proteína , Proteínas Recombinantes/análisis , Proteínas Recombinantes/genética , Tripsina/química , Tripsina/metabolismoRESUMEN
A set of 53 Staphylococcus aureus isolates collected from food handlers and foodservice establishments in Spain was analyzed for toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST-1) production. S. aureus strains were isolated from 908 samples collected from different surfaces such as dish towels, workers' hands, cutting boards, stainless steel tables and slicers, but they were not detected neither in clean plates nor in kitchen knives. Only one food worker hand has been reported to be contaminated by TSST-1 in a restaurant. Despite this, proper hygiene practices should be respected for the surfaces of contact with food, as well as for the hands of the manipulators This is the first article, in Spain, that reports the detection of TSST-1 in a restaurant worker hand.
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Toxinas Bacterianas/análisis , Enterotoxinas/análisis , Microbiología de Alimentos , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/microbiología , Staphylococcus aureus/crecimiento & desarrollo , Superantígenos/análisis , Toxinas Bacterianas/aislamiento & purificación , Toxinas Bacterianas/metabolismo , Enterotoxinas/aislamiento & purificación , Enterotoxinas/metabolismo , Manipulación de Alimentos/métodos , Manipulación de Alimentos/estadística & datos numéricos , Mano/microbiología , Humanos , Restaurantes/estadística & datos numéricos , España , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/metabolismo , Staphylococcus aureus/aislamiento & purificación , Superantígenos/aislamiento & purificación , Superantígenos/metabolismoRESUMEN
To obtain the bioactive compound beauvericin (BEA), Fusarium proliferatum CECT 20569 was grown on a solid medium of wheat, utilizing the technique of the solid state fermentation (SSF), being this mycotoxin purified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a reverse phase semi-preparative column using as the mobile phase acetonitrile/water in gradient condition. The purity of the BEA was verified by analytical HPLC and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS-MS). The pure fractions of BEA were utilized to determinate the antibiotic effects on several bacterial strains that are considered normally pathogens of the intestinal tract as: Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecium, Salmonella enterica, Shigella dysenteriae, Listeria monocytogenes, Yersinia enterocolitica, Clostridium perfringens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus.
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Antibacterianos/farmacología , Depsipéptidos/farmacología , Fusarium/metabolismo , Triticum/metabolismo , Cromatografía Liquida , Espectrometría de Masa por Ionización de Electrospray , Espectrofotometría Ultravioleta , Espectrometría de Masas en Tándem , Triticum/microbiologíaRESUMEN
A suitable extraction and purification method for the simultaneous liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) determination of five mycotoxins, three type A, diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS), T-2 toxin (T-2) and HT-2 toxin (HT-2), and two type B-trichothecenes, deoxynivalenol (DON) and nivalenol (NIV), has been optimised using a modified "Quick Easy Cheap Effective Rugged and Safe" (QuEChERS) method. Different solvents were studied in the extraction procedure to obtain better recoveries, which ranged from 86 to 108%, using a 85/15 (v/v) mixture of methanol/acetonitrile. The values obtained for recovery, repeatability and reproducibility of the optimized method are in agreement with Commission Directive 2005/26/EC for methods of analysis of Fusarium toxins. Finally, this optimized procedure was applied in wheat flour samples commercialized in Spain.
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Métodos Analíticos de la Preparación de la Muestra/economía , Harina/análisis , Tricotecenos/análisis , Triticum/química , Acetonitrilos/química , Cromatografía Liquida , Espectrometría de Masas , Metanol/química , SolventesRESUMEN
To evaluate the fusaproliferin (FUS) production, Fusariumsubglutinans ITEM 2404 was grown in a liquid medium of potato being this mycotoxin purified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a C18 semipreparative column using a mobile phase of acetonitrile/H(2)O using gradient conditions. The purity of the fusaproliferin was verified by analytical HPLC, ultraviolet absorbance measurements, LC/MS-MS, (1)H NMR spectroscopy. The isolated FUS was shown to be free of impurities and can be used as a standard for routine analysis. The pure fusaproliferin was utilized to study the biological activity on Escherichiacoli and Staphylococcusaureus. This study demostred that FUS not showed significant antimicrobial activity against these microorganisms.