RESUMEN
The new coronavirus infection spread around the world in a very short time and turned into a pandemic with a wave-like flow for more than two years. COVID-19infection affects selectively various organs and systems, including the nervous system; neurological manifestations have been reported, including anosmia, encephalopathy, stroke, epileptogenic disorders, which necessitates studies of the course of brain diseases, among which epilepsy occupies a significant place.
Asunto(s)
COVID-19 , Epilepsia , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso , Accidente Cerebrovascular , Humanos , SARS-CoV-2 , Epilepsia/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Clinical and psychophysiological assessment of the dynamics of the condition of patients with epilepsy in 4-6 months after the coronavirus infection. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An open controlled prospective comparative outpatient clinical and physiological study of patients diagnosed with epilepsy after suffering from COVID-19 (after 4-6 months) of moderate severity (n=16), patients diagnosed with epilepsy who did not suffer from COVID-19 (n=7), a control group (n=11) after confirmed COVID-19 (after 4-6 months). All groups were in the age range 23 to 50 years. Clinical/neurological and somatic research included: anamnesis, neurological examination, questioning, ECG, EEG, clinical and psychometric tests. RESULTS: There was an increase in the representation of epileptiform activity in the background EEG and more pronounced activity in provoking samples compared with background recording in 26.5% of patients who had suffered COVID-19 compared with the group of patients with epilepsy who had not suffered COVID-19. The detection of rare epileptic seizures in 18.8% of cases in the group of epilepsy patients, who underwent COVID-19, indicates an increase in epileptogenesis and a decrease in therapeutic control over seizures. At the same time, 87.5% of patients in this group showed a statistically significant increase in the influence of the sympathetic nervous system on the regulation of heart rhythm and an increase in anxiety and depression. CONCLUSION: The results can complement the understanding of the neuropsychiatric status of patients with epilepsy after COVID-19, which provides prerequisites for the development of optimal recovery directions in the rehabilitation period to maintain drug remission of epilepsy and reduce the possible progression of the disease.
Asunto(s)
COVID-19 , Epilepsia , Humanos , Adulto Joven , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Prospectivos , COVID-19/complicaciones , Electroencefalografía , Epilepsia/etiología , Epilepsia/diagnóstico , Convulsiones/diagnósticoRESUMEN
A review of the current literature shows that the combined use of neurophysiological and structural-functional neuroimaging methods has significantly expanded the understanding of the mechanisms of migraine with vestibular dysfunction: functional and structural disorders were found in brain regions involved in multisensory vestibular control and Central vestibular processing. Analysis of numerous studies shows that epilepsy can also cause vestibular symptoms, they can occur both without epileptic markers, and in combination with epileptic paroxysms. In isolated epileptic vertigo, according to studies widely presented in the literature, epileptic activity was most often detected by EEG data in the temporal regions, to a lesser extent in the parietal regions. In these studies, neuroimaging findings of foci of reduced substance density were found, which could be a consequence of deafferentation, as well as violations of connections with the focus of neuronal activity. In the absence of structural abnormalities, numerous studies have shown using magnetic resonance spectroscopy, diffusion MRI, and PET that the physiological basis for impaired neuronal metabolism was a decrease in synaptic activity, a violation of maintaining the difference in membrane potentials on the surface of the hippocampus, or changes in neighboring tracts of the white matter of the brain.
Asunto(s)
Epilepsia , Trastornos Migrañosos , Epilepsia/diagnóstico por imagen , Neuroimagen Funcional , Humanos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Trastornos Migrañosos/diagnóstico por imagen , Neuroimagen , Vértigo/diagnóstico por imagenRESUMEN
The review considers the efficacy of neurophysiological methods for the study of migraine. According to many authors, such neurophysiological methods as analysis of visual and somatosensory evoked potentials, trigeminal evoked potentials are informative for assessing the functional state of trigeminocervical and sensory systems. Analysis of bioelectric activity of the brain is used for differential diagnosis of migraine and epilepsy, evaluation of various forms and types of migraine. Studies with recording and analysis of laser evoked potentials, as well as the effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation, both diagnostic and non-pharmacological rehabilitation effects on pain syndrome, which increases the efficiency and quality of life in migraine, are considered.
Asunto(s)
Trastornos Migrañosos , Calidad de Vida , Potenciales Evocados Somatosensoriales , Humanos , Trastornos Migrañosos/diagnóstico , Neurofisiología , Estimulación Magnética TranscranealRESUMEN
The review considers the results of domestic and foreign studies of modern neurophysiological diagnosis of vestibular disorders in migraine and epilepsy. Currently, there is a large number of physiological and clinical methods to evaluate the functions of the peripheral and central parts of the vestibular sensory system. However, among the tests, the samples for the assessment of the physiological state of horizontal semicircular canals and associated stem canals predominate. In recent years, neurophysiological techniques that reflect the work of the structures of the nervous system, previously inaccessible to direct study, are being actively introduced. Modern effective neurophysiological methods of rehabilitation of patients with migraine-associated and other various vestibular disorders have been developed. Further study of neurophysiological approaches to the diagnosis of vestibular disorders in migraine and epilepsy will significantly expands the current understanding of neurophysiological mechanisms of brain functions.
Asunto(s)
Epilepsia , Trastornos Migrañosos , Enfermedades Vestibulares , Epilepsia/diagnóstico , Humanos , Trastornos Migrañosos/diagnóstico , Neurofisiología/métodos , Canales Semicirculares , Enfermedades Vestibulares/diagnósticoRESUMEN
AIM: To analyse neurophysiological and some physiological characteristics of people with Internet addiction. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Two groups of subjects were studied: with Internet-addiction lasted no more than two years and the control group. Spectral-correlation parameters of EEG, functional asymmetry of EEG parameters, and heart rate variability were recorded. The comparison was performed in three states: eyes-closed, eyes-open conditions and after a 15-minute Internet session. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The shift in the balance of the regulation of the heart rate towards the predominance of the sympathetic nervous system is accompanied by a functional state of increased activation, anxiety as indicated by the parameters of the electric activity of the brain and the shift in the functional asymmetry of the brain in the spectral power of the fast EEG rhythms in the right hemisphere.
Asunto(s)
Conducta Adictiva , Internet , Encéfalo , Electroencefalografía , NeurofisiologíaRESUMEN
AIM: To assess the efficacy of intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC) in the treatment of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) in neurological patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 101 patients with acute disorders of cerebral circulation: 52 patients underwent IPC for prevention of DVT of the lower extremities, 49 patients received only basic treatment. Clinical examination, venous duplex scan of the lower extremities and telethermography were performed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: IPC significantly reduces the risk of DVT of the lower extremities and PE mortality in the first 20 days in patients with stroke and motor deficit. Ultrasound and thermography can effectively assess the dynamics of treatment.
Asunto(s)
Aparatos de Compresión Neumática Intermitente , Embolia Pulmonar , Trombosis de la Vena , Humanos , Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos , Extremidad Inferior , Embolia Pulmonar/prevención & control , Trombosis de la Vena/prevención & controlRESUMEN
AIM: Efficiency of BFB-therapy was studied by EMG and temperature parameters under migraine in patients with epilepsy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 14 patients with epilepsy with different localization of epileptic foci were examined. For the estimation of migraine pain syndrome the clinic-psychological scaled of pain, anxiety and depression were used. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The estimation of compared efficiency of the temperature and EMG BFB therapy showed more advisable using of temperature BFB therapy in the group with migraine-epilepsy seizures in the group with localization in temporal area of the right hemisphere.
Asunto(s)
Biorretroalimentación Psicológica , Epilepsia/complicaciones , Trastornos Migrañosos/complicaciones , Trastornos Migrañosos/terapia , Ansiedad/diagnóstico , Depresión/diagnóstico , Electroencefalografía , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Dimensión del DolorRESUMEN
The review of literature presents the contemporary neurophysiological methods of study of pain syndromes in the maxillofacial area (MFA). The authors showed that clinical/neurophysiological features of different variants of chronic headache, the functional state of afferents systems and mechanisms of afferent-efferent interactions in different kinds of chronic headache are been intensively explored. The neurophysiological studies of trigeminal system in the pathogenesis of the pain syndromes have been analyzed as well. Current neurophysiological methods and techniques for estimation of the functional MFA innervation may be used for the diagnosis of different kinds of maxillofacial pain, specification of pathogenetic mechanisms, development of treatment tactics and estimation of treatment efficacy.
Asunto(s)
Trastornos de Cefalalgia/fisiopatología , Trastornos de Cefalalgia/terapia , Nocicepción , Neuralgia del Trigémino/fisiopatología , Neuralgia del Trigémino/terapia , Mapeo Encefálico , Potenciales Evocados , Cara/inervación , Trastornos de Cefalalgia/diagnóstico , Humanos , Maxilar/inervación , Síndrome , Neuralgia del Trigémino/diagnósticoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To explore the effectiveness of treatment using biofeedback (BFB-training) technology in patients with tension headache. METHODS: Respiratory training and EEG-BFB-therapy were used to reduce pain syndrome. Two groups of patients with different characteristics of the autonomic nervous system, according to R.M. Baevsky, during Holter monitoring of heart rate variability in the awakening period, presence of autonomic dysfunction that reflected migraine chronification were studied. RESULTS: The statistically significant difference in the effectiveness of treatment of tension headache using respiratory or EEF parameters of BFB in regard to autonomic nervous system function and the presence of autonomic dysfunction syndrome was demonstrated.
Asunto(s)
Neurorretroalimentación , Cefalea de Tipo Tensional/terapia , Adulto , Electroencefalografía , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Cefalea de Tipo Tensional/fisiopatología , Resultado del Tratamiento , Adulto JovenAsunto(s)
Acetilcolina/metabolismo , Isquemia Encefálica/psicología , Encéfalo/fisiología , Demencia Vascular/psicología , Galantamina/uso terapéutico , Nootrópicos/uso terapéutico , Acetilcolina/agonistas , Acetilcolina/antagonistas & inhibidores , Anciano , Encéfalo/efectos de los fármacos , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Isquemia Encefálica/complicaciones , Isquemia Encefálica/metabolismo , Isquemia Encefálica/fisiopatología , Enfermedad Crónica , Cognición/efectos de los fármacos , Cognición/fisiología , Demencia Vascular/tratamiento farmacológico , Demencia Vascular/etiología , Demencia Vascular/metabolismo , Demencia Vascular/fisiopatología , Electroencefalografía , Femenino , Galantamina/administración & dosificación , Humanos , Masculino , Pruebas Neuropsicológicas , Nootrópicos/administración & dosificación , Psicofisiología , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
The modem literature data were observed, which dedicated to the study of neurobiological studies of gamma-rhythm mechanisms, providing the cognitive functions in hymans: state of readiness and attention, providing of sensory indentification, perception and memorizations, decision-making, management of psychomotor response, emotional and semantic processing of an information. It was shown that synchronous gamma-activity is at integrative activity, which in deteriorated in pathology of thinking. Literature data were analysed concerning ot the changes of gamma-activity (spontaneous, evoked, provoked by photostimulation etc.) in a number of neuropsychiatric disorders: epilepsy, schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, stroke etc. as compared with norm. The data observed testify to high significance of gamma-activity in the brain functioning.
Asunto(s)
Encéfalo/fisiología , Electroencefalografía , Encéfalo/fisiopatología , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso Central/fisiopatología , Cognición/fisiología , Electrofisiología , Humanos , Tiempo de Reacción/fisiología , Esquizofrenia/fisiopatologíaRESUMEN
The modern literature data were observed, which dedicated to the study of neurobiological mechanisms of depressive states of different origin. The results of the investigations of structurally functional features of depression in healthy volunteers in experiments and in patients with the neurological diseases were viewed. The data cited confirm the modern concepts of R. Davidson concerning to the role of brain functional asymmetry in depression: i.e., the associations between depression and a decrease of the functional activation of the left prefrontal lobe, and also the involving of amygdale in the processes of the forming of negative emotions and depression. The literature data observed and findings of our investigations allow us to conclude that depressive states are characterized not only by the decrease of the functional activity of the left hemisphere, especially, its prefrontal area, but also reciprocal increase of the physiological activity of the prefrontal area of the right hemisphere combined with right-hemispheric functional insufficiency, especially, of its posterior (parieto-temporal) areas.
Asunto(s)
Encéfalo/fisiopatología , Depresión/fisiopatología , Amígdala del Cerebelo/fisiología , Animales , Electroencefalografía , Lóbulo Frontal/fisiología , HumanosAsunto(s)
Síntomas Afectivos/psicología , Rehabilitación de Accidente Cerebrovascular , Accidente Cerebrovascular/psicología , Adulto , Síntomas Afectivos/etiología , Síntomas Afectivos/fisiopatología , Anciano , Encéfalo/fisiopatología , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Depresión/etiología , Depresión/psicología , Electroencefalografía , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pruebas Neuropsicológicas , Psicofisiología/métodos , Accidente Cerebrovascular/complicacionesRESUMEN
Depersonalization states, expressed in interictal period, were analyzed in 23 patients. Depersonalization state occurs only in patients with partial complex seizures with epileptic focus in the temporal areas of the right hemisphere and in the mediobasal frontal areas of the left hemisphere. Also, compared to healthy subjects, schizoid personality features by MMPI and Rorshach psychological tests were found in these patients. The depersonalization states studied were defined as neurotic ones, because they manifested after psychotraumatic situation and did not recur after psychotherapy.
Asunto(s)
Despersonalización/complicaciones , Epilepsia/complicaciones , Trastornos de la Personalidad/complicaciones , Despersonalización/diagnóstico , Epilepsia/diagnóstico , Epilepsia/fisiopatología , Lóbulo Frontal/fisiopatología , Humanos , MMPI , Trastornos de la Personalidad/diagnóstico , Prueba de Rorschach , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Lóbulo Temporal/fisiopatologíaRESUMEN
A review. Current literature data concerning pathophysiological mechanisms of cerebral ischemia and poststroke epilepsy are presented. Results of investigations of structural-functional changes in activity of inhibitory inter neurons, mechanisms of brain plasticity, and main components of neuroprotection in ischemia are also discussed. The presented data confirm the current concept of apoptosis and necrosis as a consequence of injuring action of ischemia, the role of excitotoxicity in pathogenesis of ischemia and poststroke epilepsy, and different kinds of plasticity in recovery of brain functions.
Asunto(s)
Isquemia Encefálica/fisiopatología , Epilepsia/fisiopatología , Accidente Cerebrovascular/fisiopatología , Animales , Isquemia Encefálica/complicaciones , Epilepsia/etiología , Humanos , Plasticidad Neuronal , Neuronas/patología , Neuronas/fisiología , Accidente Cerebrovascular/complicacionesRESUMEN
The paper presents a historical review of the literature on the rare form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis--gastric tuberculosis. It is more frequently associated with tuberculosis of other organs and observes as an isolated form. The disease has no specific clinical signs. It is diagnosed as gastric carcinoma or ulcer by X-ray and in most cases endoscopic studies. The diagnosis of gastric tuberculosis can be made only by histological study of the resected stomach or its biopsy specimen. Antibiotic treatment for tuberculosis yields a good effect.