RESUMEN
Background: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are a major health issue, exacerbated by limited financial and infrastructural resources in developing countries. Methods: Prevalence of STIs was assessed in two urban centers of the Dominican Republic (DR) among populations at high risk for STIs: pregnant youth, men who have sex with men (MSM), trans women (TG), batey residents, female sex workers, and people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We conducted a cross-sectional survey and biological specimen collection to screen for Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhea, Mycoplasma genitalium, Trichomonas vaginalis (trichomoniasis), Treponema pallidum (syphilis), HIV, hepatitis B and C, and human papillomavirus (HPV) among at-risk populations between 2015 and 2018. Ureaplasma urealyticum testing was also conducted even though it is not considered a STI. A non-probability community sample was recruited. Descriptive statistics examined the prevalence of STIs by population. Results: A total of 1991 subjects participated in the study. The median age was 26 years (range: 18-65). Most participants were female (65.3%), heterosexual (76.7%), and were not partnered (55.7%). Most of the participants reported unprotected vaginal sex in the last 6 months (54%); among MSM and TG almost half of the participants reported unprotected anal sex in the last 6 months and 17.6% reported drug use in the last 6 months. Almost half of the participants (49%) tested positive for one or more STIs. The most prevalent STI was Chlamydia trachomatis (12.8%), and human papillomavirus (11.9%). Among transgender women, 65.3% tested positive for an STI, 64.8% of female sex workers tested positive for an STI, and 53.8% of pregnant adolescents tested positive for an STI. Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of STIs among key and under resourced populations in the DR. Our findings highlight the need to conduct further research to optimize prevention and care strategies for structurally vulnerable and under resourced populations in the DR.
RESUMEN
To our knowledge, there are no studies estimating the prevalence of extragenital sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among pregnant adolescents in the Caribbean. This study sought to fill this gap by assessing the prevalence and correlates of oral, genital, and rectal chlamydia (CT) among a sample of pregnant adolescents in La Romana, Dominican Republic. Two hundred pregnant youths, aged 15-24 years, were recruited by systematic sampling during their first prenatal visit to a maternal care unit. A sociodemographic and behavioral questionnaire was administered and urine and oral/anal swabs were collected and tested for CT. Descriptive analyses and Fisher's exact tests were performed. The prevalence of oral, genital, and rectal CT was 6%, 15%, and 23%, respectively, although less than 5% of participants reported ever engaging in receptive anal intercourse. This discrepancy could be explained by autoinoculation, concurrent transmission during sex, undertreatment of rectal CT, or underreporting of anal sex. Almost half of CT infections would have been missed if only genital samples were collected, as current protocol dictates. More research is needed to understand sexual behaviors and rectal STI risk factors among heterosexual adolescent women. STI screening procedures for pregnant and sexually active adolescents should include routine testing of extragenital sites.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Chlamydia , Gonorrea , Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual , Adolescente , Adulto , Infecciones por Chlamydia/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Chlamydia/epidemiología , Chlamydia trachomatis , República Dominicana/epidemiología , Femenino , Gonorrea/epidemiología , Humanos , Neisseria gonorrhoeae , Embarazo , Prevalencia , Conducta Sexual , Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual/epidemiología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: As digital interventions to improve health become widespread globally, it is critical to include target end-users in their design. This can help ensure interventions are maximally beneficial among intended populations. OBJECTIVES: To generate the content of a digital educational support group, administered through WhatsApp, for new adolescent mothers and establish participants' cellular access and WhatsApp use. PARTICIPANTS: Adolescent mothers with new babies. METHODS: We completed a two-phase user-centered design process. In phase I design sessions, participants discussed their postpartum experiences and completed an activity to elucidate their health and wellbeing information needs. In phase II sessions, participants individually identified which health information topics were important to them, then all topics were prioritized as a group. Phase II participants also completed a brief survey on cell phone access and WhatsApp use. RESULTS: Phase I included 24 participants, 21 of whom completed phase II. Priority health and wellbeing information topics in the postpartum period were identified as: child growth and development, understanding your baby, common childhood illnesses, breastfeeding, childhood nutrition, family planning, and self-care. Of phase II participants, 45% had cellular phone access and none had a data plan. Cellular service was inconsistently obtained with data packages or Wi-Fi. 30% of participants had no experience using WhatsApp. CONCLUSIONS: Participants identified numerous health information needs, which will serve as the content for our planned digital support group and provides valuable insight for health care providers globally. Less than half of participants had consistent cellular phone access, and none had reliable access to cellular service.