RESUMEN
Parasites cause losses in animal production. Parasite infection in ruminants has been estimated to be a major problem causing more than 3 billion USD per year, from which 60% corresponds to the sheep industry. Treatment is based on the use of synthetic anthelmintics; however, repeated application or under dosage have resulted in the selection of nematodes resistant to anthelmintics. The objective of the present work was to perform a diagnosis of gastrointestinal parasites in sheep kept under different zootechnical management. Ninety female sheep were used, most of them pregnant. Sampling was performed monthly from December 2015 to June 2016 (flock 5 until April). Fecal samples were collected from the rectum; the McMaster technique was performed, morphological characteristics were observed, oocysts and eggs were counted per gram of feces (opg and epg), frequency and intensity were obtained. Faecal culture was performed for feces that had a positive result, infective larvae were obtained and taxonomically identified. At the end of the study, a dewormer (fenbendazole) was administered and its effect was measured. The frequency of gastrointestinal parasites was 100%. The highest opg was 3,600 (flock 3, March, 2016), the epg for cestodes was 2800 (flock 1, January, 2016) and for gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) was 25,000 (flock 1, May, 2016); the intensity was variable and it was increased by peripartum. Protists (Eimeria spp), cestodes (Moniezia) and nematodes (Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Cooperia, Chabertia ovina. Teladorsagia, Oesophagostomum, Nematodirus and Trichuris ovis) were identified. No previous diagnosis is performed in flocks, and sometimes dewormers are administered, even though resistance to ivermectin and benzimidazole is suspected. Flock management, its feeding system and its conditions were determinant for the observed results; therefore, it is necessary to count with a diagnosis that provides information about the parasitic population and its dynamic, in order to carry out a selective and comprehensive control that has an impact on the animal, human and environmental health.
Asunto(s)
Antihelmínticos , Parasitosis Intestinales , Nematodos , Infecciones por Nematodos , Parásitos , Enfermedades de las Ovejas , Animales , Antihelmínticos/uso terapéutico , Heces/parasitología , Femenino , Parasitosis Intestinales/epidemiología , Parasitosis Intestinales/parasitología , Parasitosis Intestinales/veterinaria , México/epidemiología , Infecciones por Nematodos/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Nematodos/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones por Nematodos/veterinaria , Recuento de Huevos de Parásitos/veterinaria , Embarazo , Ovinos , Enfermedades de las Ovejas/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de las Ovejas/tratamiento farmacológicoRESUMEN
Head and neck cancers (HNC) are defined as malignant tumours located in the upper aerodigestive tract and represents 5% of oncologic cases in adults in Spain. More than 90% of these tumours have squamous histology. In an effort to incorporate evidence obtained since 2017 publication, the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology (SEOM) presents an update of the squamous cell HNC diagnosis and treatment guideline. Most relevant diagnostic and therapeutic changes from the last guideline have been updated: introduction of sentinel node biopsy in early oral/oropharyngeal cancer treated with surgery, concomitant radiotherapy with weekly cisplatin 40 mg/m2 in the adjuvant setting, new approaches for HPV-related oropharyngeal cancer and new treatments with immune-checkpoint inhibitors in recurrent/metastatic disease.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/diagnóstico , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/terapia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeza y Cuello/diagnóstico , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeza y Cuello/terapia , Alphapapillomavirus , Quimioradioterapia Adyuvante/métodos , Cisplatino/uso terapéutico , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/patología , Humanos , Inhibidores de Puntos de Control Inmunológico/uso terapéutico , Oncología Médica , Neoplasias de la Boca/diagnóstico , Neoplasias de la Boca/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias de la Boca/patología , Neoplasias de la Boca/terapia , Estadificación de Neoplasias/métodos , Tratamientos Conservadores del Órgano/métodos , Neoplasias Orofaríngeas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Orofaríngeas/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias Orofaríngeas/terapia , Neoplasias Orofaríngeas/virología , Fármacos Sensibilizantes a Radiaciones/uso terapéutico , Radioterapia Adyuvante/métodos , Biopsia del Ganglio Linfático Centinela , Sociedades Médicas , España , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeza y Cuello/diagnóstico por imagen , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeza y Cuello/patologíaRESUMEN
All melanoma suspected patients must be confirmed histologically and resected. Sentinel node biopsy must be done when tumor is over 1 mm or if less with high-risk factors. Adjuvant therapy with interferon could be offered for patients with high-risk melanoma and in selected cases radiotherapy can be added. Metastatic melanoma treatment is guided by mutational BRAF status. BRAF wild type patients must receive anti-PD1 containing therapy and BRAF mutated patients BRAF/MEK inhibitors or anti-PD1 containing therapy. Up to 10 years follow up is reasonable for melanoma patients with dermatologic examinations and physical exams.
Asunto(s)
Melanoma/terapia , Terapia Combinada/métodos , HumanosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The programmed death (PD-1) inhibitor pembrolizumab has been recently approved for the treatment of advanced melanoma. We evaluated the clinical activity of pembrolizumab in melanoma patients treated under the Spanish Expanded Access Program. METHODS: Advanced melanoma patients who failed to previous treatment lines were treated with pembrolizumab 2 mg/kg every three weeks. Patients with brain metastases were not excluded if they were asymptomatic. Data were retrospectively collected from 21 centers in the Spanish Melanoma Group. RESULTS: Sixty-seven advanced melanoma patients were analyzed. Most patients were stage M1c (73.1%), had high LDH levels (55.2%) and had ECOG PS 1 or higher (59.7%). For cutaneous melanoma patients, median overall survival was 14.0 months; the 18-month overall survival rate was 47.1%. Overall response rate was 27%, including three patients with complete responses (6.5%). Median response duration was not reached, with 83.3% of responses ongoing (3.5 m+ to 20.4 m+). From ten patients included with brain metastases, four (40%) had an objective response, two (20%) of them achieved a complete response. Significant prognostic factors for overall survival were LDH level, ECOG PS and objective response. There were no serious adverse events. CONCLUSION: Although this was a heavily pretreated cohort, pembrolizumab activity at the approved dose and schedule was confirmed in the clinical setting with long-term responders, also including patients with brain metastases.
Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos Monoclonales Humanizados/uso terapéutico , Antineoplásicos/uso terapéutico , Melanoma/tratamiento farmacológico , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Supervivencia sin Enfermedad , Femenino , Humanos , Estimación de Kaplan-Meier , Masculino , Melanoma/mortalidad , Persona de Mediana Edad , Modelos de Riesgos Proporcionales , Estudios Retrospectivos , Terapia Recuperativa/métodos , España , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
The mosquito Stegomyia aegypti (= Aedes aegypti) (Diptera: Culicidae) is the primary vector of viruses that cause yellow fever, dengue and Chikungunya fever. In the absence of effective vaccines, the reduction of these diseases relies on vector control strategies. The success of these strategies is tightly linked to the population dynamics of target populations. In the present study, 14 collections from St. aegypti populations separated by periods of 1-13 years were analysed to determine their temporal genetic stability. Although temporal structure is discernible in most populations, the degree of temporal differentiation is dependent on the population and does not obscure the geographic structure of the various populations. The results suggest that performing detailed studies in the years prior to and after population reduction- or modification-based control interventions at each target field site may be useful in assessing the probability of success.
Asunto(s)
Aedes/genética , Variación Genética , Insectos Vectores/genética , Aedes/fisiología , África del Sur del Sahara , Animales , Brasil , Insectos Vectores/fisiología , México , Dinámica Poblacional , Puerto Rico , Queensland , Estaciones del Año , Estados UnidosRESUMEN
All melanoma patients must be confirmed histologically and resected according to Breslow. Sentinel node biopsy must be done when tumor is over 1 mm or if less with high-risk factors. Adjuvant therapy with interferon must be offered for patients with high-risk melanoma and in selected cases radiotherapy can be added. Metastatic melanoma treatment is guided by mutational BRAF status. BRAF wild type patients must receive anti-PD1 therapy and BRAF mutated patients BRAF/MEK inhibitors or anti-PD1 therapy. Up to 10 years follow up is recommended for melanoma patients with dermatologic examinations and physical exams.
Asunto(s)
Melanoma/diagnóstico , Melanoma/terapia , Guías de Práctica Clínica como Asunto/normas , Ensayos Clínicos como Asunto , Terapia Combinada , Manejo de la Enfermedad , Detección Precoz del Cáncer , Humanos , Oncología Médica , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Pronóstico , Sociedades MédicasRESUMEN
Introduction: Surgery of the thyroid gland is the most performed procedure by the endocrine surgeon. In the last years, new techniques have been incorporated in this procedure. Our objective is to analyse the impact of these techniques in our department. Methods: We performed a retrospective and comparative study among three samples of patients submitted for total thyroidectomy. Group I: Sample of 96 patients operated between 2004 and 2007 performing total thyroidectomy. In this period we didn't use ultrasonic scalpel (US) nor intraoperative neuromonitoring (INM). Group II: Sample of 108 patients operated between 2008 and 2010. In this group we used US for hemostasis. Group III: Sample of 82 patients operated between 2011 and 2012. In this group we used both US and INM. The groups are compared: complications, postoperative stay, surgical time and costs per patient. Results: We analysed the following complications: haemorrhage, postoperative hipocalcemia and recurrent nerve palsy. We didn't find significant differences among the samples of patients but there were a less percentage of recurrent palsy in the third group (4.9 percent vs 12.5 and 11.1 percent). We found significant differences when stay, surgical time and costs were analysed. Conclusion: The use of new techniques in thyroid surgery has supposed an improvement not only in the clinic outcomes but in the surgical time.
Objetivo: La cirugía de la glándula tiroides representa el procedimiento más frecuente que realiza el cirujano endocrino. En los últimos años se han ido incorporando nuevas técnicas aplicadas a este procedimiento. El objetivo de nuestro trabajo es analizar el impacto que dichas técnicas han tenido en nuestro servicio. Material y Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo y comparativo entre tres muestras de pacientes a los que se realizó tiroidectomía total. Grupo I: Muestra de 96 pacientes intervenidos entre 2004 y 2007 a los que se realizó tiroidectomía total. En este período no se utilizó bisturí ultrasónico (BU) ni neuromonitorización intraoperatoria (NMI). Grupo II: Muestra de 108 pacientes intervenidos entre 2008 y 2010. En este grupo se realizó hemostasia con BU. Grupo III: Muestra de 82 pacientes intervenidos entre 2011 y 2012. Se utilizó tanto el BU como la NMI. Se comparan los grupos en cuanto a: complicaciones, estancia postoperatoria, tiempo quirúrgico y coste por paciente. Resultados: Las complicaciones analizadas fueron: hemorragia, hipocalcemia postoperatoria y parálisis del nervio laríngeo recurrente. No encontramos diferencias significativas entre los grupos aunque sí hay una menor tasa de parálisis recurrenciales en el tercer período (4,9 por ciento vs 12,5 y 11,1 por ciento). Hemos obtenido diferencias significativas en estancia, tiempo quirúrgico y coste por paciente. Conclusión: La inclusión de las nuevas técnicas en cirugía tiroidea ha supuesto una mejora en los resultados clínicos así como un ahorro de tiempo de quirófano.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Glándula Tiroides/cirugía , Tiroidectomía/instrumentación , Tiroidectomía/métodos , Análisis Costo-Eficiencia , Monitoreo Intraoperatorio , Tempo Operativo , Complicaciones Posoperatorias , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Ultrasónicos/instrumentación , Estudios Retrospectivos , Instrumentos Quirúrgicos , Resultado del Tratamiento , Tiroidectomía/economíaRESUMEN
The mechanism of action of hypersensitivity reactions from paclitaxel has not been fully understood. It has not even been defined if they are secondary to paclitaxel, its vehicle or the premedication. Postmarketing pharmacovigilance is predominantly based on spontaneous reporting. These reports albeit biased and incomplete serve to detect previously unrecognised adverse events. We report a life threatening adverse event related to paclitaxel without any evidence of histamine release. It consisted of a cardiac arrest probably secondary to bradiarrhythmia or branch block.
Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/efectos adversos , Bradicardia/inducido químicamente , Bloqueo de Rama/inducido químicamente , Paro Cardíaco/etiología , Paclitaxel/efectos adversos , Vigilancia de Productos Comercializados , Adenocarcinoma/tratamiento farmacológico , Adenocarcinoma/secundario , Adenocarcinoma/cirugía , Adrenérgicos/uso terapéutico , Antiarrítmicos/uso terapéutico , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/uso terapéutico , Atropina/uso terapéutico , Neoplasias Óseas/secundario , Bradicardia/complicaciones , Bloqueo de Rama/complicaciones , Reanimación Cardiopulmonar , Terapia Combinada , Dexametasona/uso terapéutico , Disnea/etiología , Disnea/terapia , Epinefrina/uso terapéutico , Femenino , Paro Cardíaco/diagnóstico , Paro Cardíaco/terapia , Humanos , Hipotensión/inducido químicamente , Hipotensión/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/cirugía , Persona de Mediana Edad , Terapia Neoadyuvante/efectos adversos , Paclitaxel/uso terapéutico , Neumonectomía , Respiración ArtificialRESUMEN
Protein restriction (PR) significantly inhibits spontaneous and chemical carcinogenesis. Several factors seem to be involved in this effect, including a decrease in body weight, cellular proliferation and DNA damage and an increase in antioxidant defenses. The current study was designed to determine modifications in some hepatic cytochromes P450 (CYPs) due to a hypoproteic diet and to investigate its implications on chemical mutagenesis. Western blot analysis showed decreases of 73, 40 and 74% in CYP1A, CYP2B and CYP2E1 protein concentrations in hepatic microsomes from animals fed a protein-restricted (6% protein) diet for 6 weeks in comparison with microsomes from rats fed a 24% protein diet during the same period. In the same way, low protein fed animals showed a 3.5-fold decrease in hepatic CYP1A1-associated ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase activity, a 6-fold decrease in CYP1A2-associated methoxyresorufin O-demethylase activity, a 1.7-fold decrease in CYP2B1-associated penthoxyresorufin O-dealkylase activity, a 9-fold decrease in CYP2B2-associated benzyloxyresorufin O-dealkylase and, finally, a 3.4-fold decrease in CYP2E1-associated 4-nitrophenol hydroxylase activity. As a result of decreased CYP hepatic protein concentrations and enzymatic activities, liver S9 from rats fed a hypoproteic diet was less efficient in activating promutagens than S9 prepared from rats fed a 24% protein diet in the Ames test. Mutagenic potency obtained with protein-restricted S9 was reduced 25-fold for 2-aminoanthracene, 1.5-fold for N-nitrosodipropylamine, 12.5-fold for N-nitrosodibutylamine, 2-fold for cyclophosphamide and N-nitrosopyrrolidine and 71-fold for N-nitrosodimethylamine. However, the mutagenic potency of benzo[a]pyrene was the same (4 revertants/ microg) with S9 derived from rats fed either a 6 or 24% protein diet.
Asunto(s)
Biotransformación/efectos de los fármacos , Carcinógenos/farmacocinética , Sistema Enzimático del Citocromo P-450/biosíntesis , Dieta con Restricción de Proteínas , Proteínas en la Dieta/farmacología , Microsomas Hepáticos/efectos de los fármacos , Pruebas de Mutagenicidad , Mutágenos/farmacocinética , Animales , Hidrocarburo de Aril Hidroxilasas/biosíntesis , Hidrocarburo de Aril Hidroxilasas/genética , Peso Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Carcinógenos/toxicidad , Citocromo P-450 CYP1A1/biosíntesis , Citocromo P-450 CYP1A1/genética , Citocromo P-450 CYP1A2/biosíntesis , Citocromo P-450 CYP1A2/genética , Citocromo P-450 CYP2E1/biosíntesis , Citocromo P-450 CYP2E1/genética , Sistema Enzimático del Citocromo P-450/genética , Daño del ADN , Proteínas en la Dieta/administración & dosificación , Inducción Enzimática/efectos de los fármacos , Hidroliasas/biosíntesis , Hidroliasas/genética , Masculino , Microsomas Hepáticos/enzimología , Mutagénesis , Mutágenos/toxicidad , Oxazinas/farmacocinética , Oxazinas/toxicidad , Oxidorreductasas/biosíntesis , Oxidorreductasas/genética , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Salmonella typhimurium/efectos de los fármacos , Salmonella typhimurium/genética , Esteroide Hidroxilasas/biosíntesis , Esteroide Hidroxilasas/genética , Especificidad por SustratoRESUMEN
In this work, we studied the effect of a short-term (3 wk) and a long-term (15 wk) administration of a sucrose-rich diet (SRD) to Wistar rats on the morphological aspects and metabolic function of the epididymal adipose tissue that may contribute to the mechanism underlying the impaired glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance. The present work showed the following. 1) There was both a moderate increase of basal lipolysis and a decrease of the antilipolytic action of insulin in the adipocytes of rats fed a SRD for 3 wk. Neither size alterations nor increases in adipose tissue mass were recorded in this period. 2) There was a significant (P < 0.05) increase of epididymal weight after 15 wk on a SRD as well as a hypertrophy of adipocytes with a clear alteration in the cell size distribution. This was accompanied by a significant increase (P < 0.05) of basal and stimulated lipolysis and a marked decrease (P < 0.05) of the antilipolytic action of insulin. Moreover, these changes appear together with a worsening of both impaired glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance. Our results also indicate that the length of time on the SRD plays an important role in the evolution of the adiposity and metabolic changes observed in the fat pad. Furthermore, the latter precedes the detection of adiposity.
Asunto(s)
Adipocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Sacarosa/farmacología , Adipocitos/metabolismo , Adipocitos/ultraestructura , Tejido Adiposo/efectos de los fármacos , Tejido Adiposo/fisiología , Animales , Recuento de Células , Dieta , Ingestión de Alimentos , Técnica de Clampeo de la Glucosa , Glicerol/metabolismo , Hiperinsulinismo/metabolismo , Técnicas In Vitro , Resistencia a la Insulina/fisiología , Lipoproteína Lipasa/metabolismo , Masculino , Tamaño de los Órganos/fisiología , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Esterol Esterasa/metabolismo , Aumento de Peso/fisiologíaRESUMEN
Chronic infusion of nerve growth factor (NGF, 1.2 microg/day) for 14 days to presenile rats (17 months at the beginning of treatment) that showed an initial cognitive impairment led to an improved long-term potentiation in the dentate gyrus. Both the relative increase of the slope of the population excitatory postsynaptic potential and that of the population spike were enhanced by NGF pretreatment after long-term potentiation induction at 400 Hz. The treatment was also able to increase the diminished baseline amplitude of the population spike, an effect not seen when the treatment was applied to older animals [Bergado, J., Fernández, C.I., Gómez-Soria, A., González, O., 1997a. Chronic intraventricular infusion with NGF improves LTP in old cognitively-impaired rats. Brain Res. 770, 1-9] stressing the importance of an early start of trophic therapy to achieve better results.
Asunto(s)
Giro Dentado/efectos de los fármacos , Potenciales Evocados/efectos de los fármacos , Memoria/efectos de los fármacos , Factores de Crecimiento Nervioso/farmacología , Animales , Giro Dentado/fisiología , Masculino , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-DawleyRESUMEN
Aged (21 months) cognitively-impaired male Sprague-Dawley rats received intraventricular infusion of nerve growth factor (NGF) or cytochrome C (Cit C) for 14 or 28 days using miniosmotic pumps and were evaluated either 1 week or 3 months after treatment. Groups of untreated young, aged-impaired and aged non-impaired rats were also evaluated. Under narcose recording and stimulating electrodes were stereotactically implanted in the dentate gyrus and the perforant path. The stimulation intensity was individually adjusted to obtain a half-maximal population spike (P) for test stimuli and a quarter-maximal for tetanization. The amplitude and latency of P and the slope (S) of the field EPSP were determined before and at 2, 5, 15, 30 and 60 min after tetanization at 400 Hz. Paired stimuli at 30 ms interval were also applied before and after tetanization. Aged, cognitively impaired rats showed an absent S potentiation and a delayed P potentiation, both in amplitude and latency, while non-impaired rats behaved like the young controls. Paired pulse inhibition showed no difference among groups before or after tetanization suggesting that the impaired potentiation is not due to an increased retroactive inhibition. NGF treatment ameliorates LTP deficits to levels equivalent to non-impaired rats, while Cit C controls showed no improvement. No differences appear among NGF treated groups, but evidence suggest that the animals evaluated 3 months after treatment developed a stronger potentiation.
Asunto(s)
Trastornos del Conocimiento/tratamiento farmacológico , Potenciación a Largo Plazo/efectos de los fármacos , Factores de Crecimiento Nervioso/farmacología , Envejecimiento/fisiología , Animales , Conducta Animal/efectos de los fármacos , Electrofisiología , Potenciales Postsinápticos Excitadores/efectos de los fármacos , Inyecciones Intraventriculares , Masculino , Aprendizaje por Laberinto/efectos de los fármacos , Trastornos de la Memoria/tratamiento farmacológico , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
A sucrose-rich diet (SRD) causes hypertriglyceridemia in nonpregnant rats. To determine whether a SRD further enhances gestational hypertriglyceridemia, female rats were divided into the following two groups: 1) rats fed a SRD (63 g sucrose/100 g), and 2) rats that received the same diet except that the sucrose was replaced by an equal amount of cornstarch (CD). Half of the rats were mated and studied at d 20 of gestation. Body weight increase did not differ between virgin rats fed either diet, but the final body weight of pregnant rats fed SRD was lower than that of rats fed CD due to fewer fetuses per litter and lower fetal and placental weights. The SRD enhanced plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in virgin but not in pregnant rats; plasma triglycerides and FFA concentrations and the rate of triglyceride secretion into the plasma were higher in pregnant than in virgin rats fed SRD, but the increase in liver triglycerides due to SRD was higher in virgin rats. Both removal rate of a fat emulsion and adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase activity (LPL) were lower in virgin rats fed SRD than in those fed CD. They were lower in pregnant than in virgin rats fed CD. Placental and fetal liver triglyceride concentration and placental LPL were higher in rats fed SRD than in those fed CD. Both the increased triglyceride secretion by the liver and the decreased triglyceride removal from blood resulting in maternal hypertriglyceridemia may contribute to the negative effect of SRD on the developing fetus.
Asunto(s)
Sacarosa en la Dieta/farmacología , Desarrollo Embrionario y Fetal/efectos de los fármacos , Preñez/metabolismo , Triglicéridos/metabolismo , Tejido Adiposo/química , Tejido Adiposo/enzimología , Animales , Glucemia/análisis , Sacarosa en la Dieta/administración & dosificación , Desarrollo Embrionario y Fetal/fisiología , Ácidos Grasos no Esterificados/sangre , Femenino , Insulina/sangre , Lipoproteína Lipasa/análisis , Hígado/química , Hígado/embriología , Hígado/metabolismo , Placenta/química , Placenta/enzimología , Embarazo , Preñez/sangre , Distribución Aleatoria , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Triglicéridos/análisis , Triglicéridos/sangreRESUMEN
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the lipid-lowering effects of fish oils and concomitant consequences on glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in an experimental animal model of hypertriglyceridemia induced by high sucrose intake. To achieve this goal, male Wistar rats were fed a semi-synthetic sucrose rich diet (SRD) (w/w: 62.3% sucrose, 8% corn oil, 17% protein) for 90 days. At the time, a well established and permanent hypertriglyceridemia accompanied by glucose intolerance was present. After that, one half of the animals continued on the SRD up to 120 days. The other half received an SRD in which the source of fat was substituted by cod liver oil (w/w 7% CLO plus 1% corn oil) from day 90 to 120 (SRD+CLO). Control rats were fed a semi-synthetic diet (CD) (w/w: 62.5% corn starch, 8% corn oil, 17% protein) throughout the 120 days experimental period. Results obtained after the experimental period show that the hypertriglyceridemia and glucose intolerance ensuing long term feeding normal rats with a sucrose-rich diet could be completely reversed mediating no change in circulating insulin levels by shifting the source of fat in the diet from corn oil to cod liver oil. These findings suggest that manipulation of dietary fats may play a role in the management of the lipid disorders associated with glucose intolerance and insulin resistance.
Asunto(s)
Aceite de Hígado de Bacalao/uso terapéutico , Carbohidratos de la Dieta , Grasas Insaturadas en la Dieta/uso terapéutico , Intolerancia a la Glucosa/tratamiento farmacológico , Glucosa , Hiperlipidemias/tratamiento farmacológico , Triglicéridos/sangre , Animales , Glucemia , Peso Corporal , Ingestión de Alimentos , Emulsiones Grasas Intravenosas/administración & dosificación , Intolerancia a la Glucosa/inducido químicamente , Prueba de Tolerancia a la Glucosa , Hiperlipidemias/inducido químicamente , Insulina/sangre , Resistencia a la Insulina , Hígado/metabolismo , Masculino , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Triglicéridos/análisisRESUMEN
Long term feeding a sucrose-rich diet (SRD) to normal Wistar rats led to multiphasic changes in the activity of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDH), characterized by a significant decrease in PDHa (active form) in the short term on SRD (3 weeks) when compared to control rats fed the standard chow (STD). Although PDHa returned spontaneously to control values in the medium term (6-8 weeks) on SRD, an even more pronounced decrease was recorded when rats were kept long term on the SRD (15 weeks). Low PDHa levels recorded in the short and long term were accompanied by a two fold increase in heart acetyl-CoA concentration and the acetyl-CoA/CoASH ratio. Tissue long-chain acyl-CoA and triacylglycerol levels were also significantly higher in SRD fed rats. Spontaneous normalization of all the above metabolic parameters was observed during the medium term on SRD. Glucose-6-phosphate levels remained within control values during the short and medium term, in contrast to a two fold increase recorded in the long term on SRD. Glycogen concentrations were found moderately elevated only in the long term. Citrate concentrations were slightly increased in the short and greatly in the long term, and the fructose-2,6-bisphosphate/citrate ratio was found significantly decreased only during the long term on SRD. After 3 weeks on SRD, the protal vein Insulin/Glucagon (I/G) molar ratio was three times higher in SRD than STD rats, as opposed to an unchanged I/G ratio found in the long term.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Asunto(s)
Dieta , Carbohidratos de la Dieta/administración & dosificación , Corazón/efectos de los fármacos , Miocardio/metabolismo , Sacarosa/administración & dosificación , Acilcoenzima A/metabolismo , Animales , Peso Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Metabolismo de los Hidratos de Carbono , Ingestión de Energía , Ácidos Grasos no Esterificados/sangre , Glucagón/sangre , Insulina/sangre , Metabolismo de los Lípidos , Masculino , Miocardio/enzimología , Complejo Piruvato Deshidrogenasa/metabolismo , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Triglicéridos/sangreRESUMEN
Some observations in man and experimental animals have demonstrated that casein decreases intestinal transit speed. However, its effects on intestinal motility have not been studied previously in a systematic fashion. The aim of this work was to study the temporospatial distribution of small bowel motility before and after the administration of calcium caseinate. Studies were performed in fasting dogs using 6 catheters perfused with a pneumo-hydraulic system. After the administration of 300 ml of a 10% solution of calcium caseinate, a global decrease in motor activity was observed, specially of grouped propulsive contractions, they were reduced in 64.9 to 19.5%. On the contrary, a significative increase, in 1.4 to 22%, of individual wave, non propulsive motor activity was observed. These quantitative changes in contractions, specially in their organization and temporo-spatial distribution, may be responsible for the decrease in intestinal transit after the administration of casein.
Asunto(s)
Caseínas/farmacología , Intestino Delgado/efectos de los fármacos , Contracción Muscular/efectos de los fármacos , Músculo Liso/efectos de los fármacos , Complejo Mioeléctrico Migratorio/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Perros , Intestino Delgado/fisiología , Contracción Muscular/fisiología , Músculo Liso/fisiología , Complejo Mioeléctrico Migratorio/fisiología , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
We present studies on the evolution of HIV-1 infection in 638 hemophilic patients receiving commercial antihemophilic concentrates (CAH) at the Institute of Hematological Research and the Argentine Foundation of Hemophilia between 1983 and 1990. Positive serology for HIV-1 was detected in 30% of the patients studied. Prevalence of HIV-1 infection was higher (about 70%) in the group with severe hemophilia requiring more CAH, but there were no differences between patients with hemophilia A or B. Sexual transmission was demonstrated in 8/64 women (13%) with stable sexual relationship with HIV-1 + hemophilic patients. Three of them became pregnant, and HIV-1 infection was demonstrated in two of the three children. In general, the clinical evolution, as well as the hematologic and immunologic parameters of infected patients were similar to those described for the hemophilic population in other occidental countries. Opportunistic infections were also those observed elsewhere (with predominance of P. carinii pneumonia and disseminated Candida infections). However, the presence of fatal chagasic encephalitis in two of the patients with AIDS is unusual. Thus, central nervous system localization of T. cruzi (which can be observed during the acute period of T. cruzi infection or in immunosuppressed patients), must be considered as a possible severe complication of HIV-1 disease in T. cruzi infected patients.