RESUMEN
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To examine mass shootings in youth including mass shooting trends, risk and protective factors for emotional sequelae, mental health, prevention of mass shootings, and the assessment and treatment of survivors. RECENT FINDINGS: Many youth are exposed to gun violence, with a smaller subset exposed to mass shootings. While youth have varying responses to mass shootings, possibly due to risk and protective factors as well as level of exposure, the mental health outcomes are significant and include posttraumatic stress, suicide, depression, substance abuse, and anxiety. Efforts at developing effective prevention and treatment programs are still underway but generally take a tiered public health approach. Mass shootings have significant mental health outcomes for youth survivors, particularly those with direct exposure or risk factors. Continued efforts are needed to better understand the effects of mass shootings and how to prevent them from occurring as well as how to best address the needs of survivors.
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Armas de Fuego , Prevención del Suicidio , Adolescente , Niño , Humanos , Salud Mental , Sobrevivientes , ViolenciaRESUMEN
Youth transitioning to adulthood have unique developmental tasks that make them vulnerable to suicide. Brain development, life stressors, and psychological adjustments during the transition contribute to a high rate of suicidal gestures. To reduce the incidence of self-harm in this age group, a public health approach that identifies and reduces risk factors and enhances protective factors should be used. Institutions and employment arenas should consider structural supports to facilitate this transition of youth into adulthood, with a particular focus on youth with self-harm thoughts, and should provide education about suicide, evidence-based resources, and intervention programs to encourage help seeking.
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Conducta del Adolescente , Desarrollo Humano , Trastornos Mentales , Prevención del Suicidio , Suicidio , Adolescente , Adulto , Humanos , Trastornos Mentales/epidemiología , Trastornos Mentales/etiología , Trastornos Mentales/terapia , Suicidio/psicología , Suicidio/estadística & datos numéricos , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
The causes of youth violence are multifactorial and include biological, individual, familial, social, and economic factors. The influence of parents, family members, and important adults can shape the beliefs of the child toward violence in a significant manner. However, the influence of school and the neighborhood also have an important role in attitudes and behaviors of children toward violence. The complexity of factors related to violence requires a comprehensive public health approach. This article focuses on evidence-based models of intervention to reduce violence while emphasizing collective impact as a guiding principle.
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Terapia Familiar/métodos , Prevención Primaria/métodos , Salud Pública/métodos , Servicios de Salud Escolar , Prevención Secundaria/métodos , Violencia/prevención & control , Violencia/psicología , Adolescente , Niño , HumanosRESUMEN
What if the goal of child health services was not "merely" treating, or even preventing, childhood diseases and disorders, but was expanded to that of promoting children's optimal healthy development? Pediatrics has evolved from an exclusive focus on the treatment of illness to the opportunity to promote children's healthy development. This evolution has profound implications for the content of child health services and programs, for system transformation, and for public policy. Enhanced understanding of the impact of social determinants on children's health and developmental outcomes underscores the importance of an evolving framework for system transformation with key policy implications.
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Desarrollo Infantil , Servicios de Salud del Niño/normas , Política de Salud , Promoción de la Salud/normas , Salud Pública/normas , Niño , Servicios de Salud del Niño/organización & administración , HumanosRESUMEN
A significant population of children will experience bereavement because of the death of a parent or a sibling. This grief is different from the bereavement seen in adults and needs to be understood in a developmental context. Cognitive and emotional understanding of death and dying in children gradually evolves with age. This report provides clinicians with information regarding the unique developmental elements in children that relate to the process of bereavement secondary to parental and sibling loss, risk factors for complicated grief, the warning signs of depression and anxiety beyond normal grief reaction, and the guidelines for intervention in children.
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Actitud Frente a la Muerte , Aflicción , Padres , Hermanos , Niño , Cognición , Cultura , Humanos , Psicoterapia/métodos , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
Bipolar disorder in children often is confused with attention deficit disorder, substance-induced mood disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, and conduct disorder. It is not uncommon for some of these disorders to be comorbid with pediatric bipolar disorder. This article provides the reader with a review of the existing literature on differentiating these illnesses and recognizing the phenomenology of each disorder as it pertains to a psychiatric diagnostic work-up of a child. Clinically helpful overlapping and unique characteristics of each disorder are discussed and a practical approach to differentiate these disorders is provided.