RESUMEN
Herbicide pretilachlor is widely used in paddy fields to control annual weeds. The present study has been carried out in walking catfish, Clarias batrachus, to evaluate the impact of herbicide pretilachlor on reproductive physiology after chronic exposure. Based on the median lethal concentration value (96 h), fish were exposed to three nominal test concentrations of pretilachlor ((SL-I (1/20th LC50), SLII (1/15th LC50), and SL-III (1/10th LC50)) for 30, 45, and 60 days after which plasma sex steroid profile, plasma vitellogenin concentration, and gonadal aromatase activity were analyzed in both sexes. Plasma concentration of testosterone decreases in herbicide-exposed male fish. Significant increase in plasma 17ß-estradiol, plasma vitellogenin concentration, and gonadal aromatase activity were observed in herbicide-exposed male fish. All these alterations in reproductive parameters in male fish are dependent on concentration and exposure duration of herbicide. On the other hand, significant decrease in plasma concentration of testosterone was observed in female fish which was also dependent on concentration and exposure duration of herbicide. No significant changes in plasma 17ß-estradiol concentrations, plasma vitellogenin concentration, and gonadal aromatase activity were observed in female fish. Above findings clearly suggested that herbicide pretilachlor acts as endocrine disruptor in fish and affects overall reproductive physiology of fish, but its ability to induce reproductive toxicity in male and female differs considerably.
Asunto(s)
Acetanilidas/toxicidad , Bagres , Disruptores Endocrinos/toxicidad , Herbicidas/toxicidad , Reproducción/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Aromatasa/sangre , Bagres/sangre , Bagres/metabolismo , Estradiol/sangre , Femenino , Masculino , Ovario/efectos de los fármacos , Ovario/metabolismo , Testículo/efectos de los fármacos , Testículo/metabolismo , Testosterona/sangre , Vitelogeninas/sangreRESUMEN
The association of absent right superior vena cava and persistent left superior vena cava draining into unroofed coronary sinus with common atrium and the atrioventricular septal defect is an extremely rare form of the congenital cardiac disorder with only one case reported so far, hence, can be missed preoperatively if not carefully looked for. Failure to detect absent right superior vena cava beforehand may otherwise pose difficulties in carrying out invasive surgical or medical interventions.
Asunto(s)
Anomalías Múltiples/cirugía , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Cardiovasculares/métodos , Seno Coronario/anomalías , Seno Coronario/cirugía , Defectos de los Tabiques Cardíacos/cirugía , Malformaciones Vasculares/cirugía , Vena Cava Superior/anomalías , Vena Cava Superior/cirugía , Preescolar , Ecocardiografía , Ecocardiografía Transesofágica , Femenino , Atrios Cardíacos/anomalías , Atrios Cardíacos/cirugía , Defectos de los Tabiques Cardíacos/diagnóstico por imagen , Humanos , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Pretilachlor is a systemic herbicide belonging to chloroacetamide group which is being used in rice fields for the control of annual weeds. The acute toxicity bioassay of pretilachlor was carried out by probit analysis method and the safe level was estimated by multiplying the 96 h LC50 with different application factors. The 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h LC50 values were obtained as 11.12, 9.55, 8.57, 7.11 and 5.84 mg L-1 respectively while the safe values found ranges 0.05 to 0.58 mg L-1. Buccal movements as well as the number of burst swimming movements in fishes exposed to pretilachlor were found to be increased significantly in response to all concentrations of the herbicides tested. Number of feeding attempts reduced significantly while irregular responses in fishes were observed regarding their attempt to form group after exposure to herbicide. As a whole, exposure of fishes to pretilachlor showed significant effects on all studied behaviours. So it can be concluded that the herbicide pretilachlor is toxic to fishes and its excess use should be avoided.
RESUMEN
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the characteristics of the circadian rest-activity rhythm of cancer patients. Thirty-one in-patients, consisting of 19 males and 12 females, were randomly selected from the Regional Cancer Center, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Raipur, India. The rest-activity rhythm was studied non-invasively by wrist actigraphy, and compared with 35 age-matched apparently healthy subjects (22 males and 13 females). All subjects wore an Actiwatch (AW64, Mini Mitter Co. Inc., USA) for at least 4-7 consecutive days. Fifteen-second epoch length was selected for gathering actigraphy data. In addition, several sleep parameters, such as time in bed, assumed sleep, actual sleep time, actual wake time, sleep efficiency, sleep latency, sleep bouts, wake bouts, and fragmentation index, were also recorded. Data were analyzed using several statistical techniques, such as cosinor rhythmometry, spectral analysis, ANOVA, Duncan's multiple-range test, and t-test. Dichotomy index (IAsunto(s)
Ciclos de Actividad/fisiología
, Ritmo Circadiano/fisiología
, Neoplasias/fisiopatología
, Descanso/fisiología
, Adolescente
, Adulto
, Anciano
, Fenómenos Cronobiológicos
, Femenino
, Humanos
, Masculino
, Persona de Mediana Edad
, Sueño/fisiología