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Penicillium species are renowned for their ability to produce a wide range of secondary metabolites with medicinal properties. In this study, compounds 1-10 were isolated from Penicillium sp. Z-16, of which compound 1 is a new benzophenone derivative named methyl 2-(2,6-dihydroxy-4-methylbenzoyl)-4,5-dihydroxy-3-methoxybenzoate. The chemical structure of 1 was determined through comprehensive spectroscopic analysis, including 1D, 2D NMR (HMBC, HSQC) and HRESIMS. In addition, six other known compounds (11-16) were isolated and identified from Penicillium sp. T-5-1. The antimicrobial activity tests demonstrated that compound 1 was moderately active against Candida albicans with a MIC value of 125 µg/mL, while compound 2 showed a MIC value of 62.5 µg/mL against Staphylococcus aureus.

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Highly stable and active catalysts are of significant importance and a longstanding challenge for a number of industrial chemical transformations. Here, motivated by the principle of the high entropy-stabilized structure, high-entropy alloy-loaded porous TiO2 as an efficient and sintering-resistant catalyst for the light-driven reverse water gas‒shift reaction without external heating is synthesized. The optimized CoNiCuPdRu/TiO2 catalyst exhibits a long-term stability of 1000 h (1.23 mol gmetal -1 h-1 CO production rate, >99% high selectivity). In situ characterizations confirm that the slow diffusion effect of high-entropy alloys endows the catalyst with excellent structural stability. The CO adsorption measurements and theoretical calculations consolidate that the hydrogen surface coverage weakens CO adsorption on the catalyst surface. Two major problems of catalyst deactivation - sintering and poisoning, are handled in one case, which synergistically enable unparalleled stability. This work provides new guidance for the rational design of ultradurable harsh-condition operation catalysts for industrial catalysis.

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Understanding the spin-dependent activity of nitrogen-coordinated single metal atom (M-N-C) electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction and evolution reactions (ORR and OER) remains challenging due to the lack of structure-defined catalysts and effective spin manipulation tools. Herein, both challenges using a magnetic field integrated heterogeneous molecular electrocatalyst prepared by anchoring cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc) deposited carbon black on polymer-protected magnet nanoparticles, are addressed. The built-in magnetic field can shift the Co center from low- to high-spin (HS) state without atomic structure modification, affording one-order higher turnover frequency, a 50% increased H2O2 selectivity for ORR, and a ≈4000% magnetocurrent enhancement for OER. This catalyst can significantly minimize magnet usage, enabling safe and continuous production of a pure H2O2 solution for 100 h from a 100 cm2 electrolyzer. The new strategy demonstrated here also applies to other metal phthalocyanine-based catalysts, offering a universal platform for studying spin-related electrochemical processes.

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The Ideal Plant Architecture 1 (IPA1) transcription factor promotes rice yield and immunity through phosphorylation at its amino acid residue Ser163 as a switch. Although phosphorylated IPA1 mimic, IPA1(S163D), directly targets the promoter of immune response gene WRKY45, it cannot activate its expression. Here, we identified a co-activator of IPA1(S163D), a RING-finger E3 ligase IPA1 interactor 7 (IPI7), which fine-tunes the transcriptional activity of IPA1 to timely promote plant immunity and simultaneously maintain growth for yield. IPI7 interacts with IPA1 and promotes K29-polyubiquitination of IPA1 in vitro and in vivo. However, the stability of IPA1 protein is not affected by IPI7-mediated ubiquitination. The IPI7-promoted K29-polyubiquitination of IPA1 is induced by Magnaporthe oryzae infection and required for phosphorylated IPA1 to transactivate WRKY45 expression for immune response but not for plain IPA1 to transactivate DENSE AND ERECT PANICLES 1 (DEP1) expression for panicle development. IPI7 knockout impairs IPA1-mediated immunity but not yield. Our study reveals that plants utilize non-proteolytic K29-ubiquitination as a response to pathogen infection to fine-tune IPA1 transactivation activity for promoting immunity.

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COVID-19 associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) had been reported, and raised concern about this secondary infection due to the high mortality. This study aimed to investigate the risk factors for CAPA. The enrolled 114 COVID-19 patients were further divided into CAPA group and non-CAPA group. Demographic characteristics, underlying diseases, laboratory parameters and therapeutic schedule between the two groups were compared to identify the independent risk factors for CAPA by univariate analysis and multivariable logistic regression analysis. Sensitivity and specificity of independent risk factors were confirmed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Univariate analysis showed that renal transplant, IL-6 and CRP levels, decreased CD4 + T cell and CD8 + T cell, duration of antibiotics therapy, and prolonged mechanical ventilation were risk factors for development of CAPA. These factors were further analyzed by multivariable logistic regression analysis and the results indicated that elevated IL-6 level, decreased CD4 + T cell and prolonged mechanical ventilation could be recognized as independent risk factors for CAPA in COVID-19 patients. Identification of these risk factors is essential to initiate antifungal therapy as soon as possible to improve outcome of patients with CAPA.

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Bisphenol A (BPA) is a growing concern as an endocrine-disrupting chemical due to its adverse health effects. However, the association between BPA and sperm quality in adult human males remains unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the daily life exposure level of BPA and analyze its correlation with sperm quality in males. Patients who sought treatment in Chinese infertility clinics between May and October 2023 were selected as study subjects. We determined participants' serum BPA content using high-performance liquid chromatography. Sperm count and motility were assessed using a computer-aided sperm analysis system, while sperm morphology was analyzed using an improved Papanicolaou stain. A total of 405 participants, averaging 33.01 ± 5.44 years old, were included. We observed low semen quality among participants in infertility clinics. Principal component analysis was performed for each semen quality index, and three principal components reflecting sperm motility, count, and morphology were extracted. The participants' mean serum BPA level was 6.96 ng/mL. Negative correlations were observed between serum BPA content and total sperm count, sperm density, forward motility rate, and non-forward motility rate. A positive correlation was found between the non-motile sperm rate and the head deformity rate. Morphological abnormalities were the predominant adverse effects observed. Despite low daily life BPA exposure, long-term low-dose exposure in the general population may damage semen quality. This study provides a scientific basis for managing health risks associated with BPA exposure.

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Luminescent CuI complexes are an important class of coordination compounds due to their relative abundance, low cost and ability to display excellent luminescence. The title Cu2I2P2S2-type binuclear complex, di-µ-iodido-bis[(thiourea-κS)(triphenylphosphine-κP)copper(I)], [Cu2I2(CH4N2S)2(C18H15P)2], conventionally abbreviated as Cu2I2TPP2TU2, where TPP and TU represent triphenylphosphine and thiourea, respectively, is described. In this complex, each CuI atom adopts a CuI2PS four-coordination mode and pairs of atoms are connected to each other by two µ2-I ligands to form a centrosymmetric binuclear cluster. It was also found that the paper-based film of this complex exhibited obvious luminescence light-up sensing for pyridine and 4-methylpyridine.

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Currently, the clinical cure rate for primary liver cancer remains low. Effective screening and early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain clinical challenges. Exosomes are intimately associated with tumor development and their contents have the potential to serve as highly sensitive tumor-specific markers. A comprehensive untargeted metabolomics study was conducted using exosome samples extracted from the serum of 48 subjects (36 HCC patients and 12 healthy controls) via a commercial kit. An ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) strategy was used to identify the metabolic compounds. A total of 18 differential metabolites were identified using the non-targeted metabolomics approach of UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS. Pathway analysis revealed significant alterations in the arachidonic acid metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism, and unsaturated fatty acid metabolism pathways. ROC analysis indicated that three metabolites with AUC values exceeding 0.900 were selected as potential biomarkers: caprylic acid and linoleic acid were upregulated in the HCC group, whereas pentadecanoic acid was downregulated. Linoleic acid, caprylic acid, and pentadecanoic acid are potential biomarkers for diagnosing HCC. The significant alterations in these three metabolic pathways offer new insights into the mechanisms underlying HCC formation and progression.

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The development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in sepsis is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. However, the molecular pathogenesis underlying sepsis-induced ARDS remains elusive. Neutrophil heterogeneity and dysfunction contribute to uncontrolled inflammation in patients with ARDS. A specific subset of neutrophils undergoing reverse transendothelial migration (rTEM), which is characterized by an activated phenotype, is implicated in the systemic dissemination of inflammation. Using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), it identified functionally activated neutrophils exhibiting the rTEM phenotype in the lung of a sepsis mouse model using cecal ligation and puncture. The prevalence of neutrophils with the rTEM phenotype is elevated in the blood of patients with sepsis-associated ARDS and is positively correlated with disease severity. Mechanically, scRNA-seq and proteomic analys revealed that inflamed endothelial cell (EC) released extracellular vesicles (EVs) enriched in karyopherin subunit beta-1 (KPNB1), promoting abluminal-to-luminal neutrophil rTEM. Additionally, EC-derived EVs are elevated and positively correlated with the proportion of rTEM neutrophils in clinical sepsis. Collectively, EC-derived EV is identified as a critical regulator of neutrophil rTEM, providing insights into the contribution of rTEM neutrophils to sepsis-associated lung injury.

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Heterostructures endow electrochemical hybrids with promising energy storage properties owing to synergistic effects and interfacial interaction. However, developing a facile but effective approach to maximize interface effects is crucial but challenging. Herein, a bimetallic sulfide/carbon heterostructure is realized in a confined carbon network via a high-throughput template-assisted strategy to induce highly active and stable electrode architecture. The designed heterostructures not only yield abundant interconnected Co9S8/MoS2/N-doped carbon (Co9S8/MoS2/NC) heterojunctions with continuous channels for ion/electron transfer but maintain excellent conversion reversibility. Serving as anode for sodium storage, the Co9S8/MoS2/NC framework displayed excellent sodium storage properties (reversible capacity of 480 mAh/g after 100 cycles at 0.2 A/g and 286.2 mAh/g after 500 cycles at 2 A/g). Given this, this study can guide future design protocols for interface engineering by forming dynamic channels of conversion reaction kinetics for potential applications in high-performance electrodes.

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Nanoparticle-based photothermal therapy (PTT) has emerged as a promising approach in tumor treatment due to its high selectivity and low invasiveness. However, the penetration of near-infrared light (NIR) is limited, leading it fails to induce damage to the deep-seated tumor cells within the tumor tissue. Additionally, inefficient uptake of photothermal nanoparticles by tumor cells results in suboptimal outcomes for PTT. In this study, we utilized the adhesive properties of photothermal material, polydopamine (PDA), which can successfully load the photosensitizer indocyanine green (ICG) and chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin (DOX) to achieve photothermal and chemotherapy synergy treatment (PDA/DOX&ICG), aiming to compensate the defects of single tumor treatment. To extending the blood circulation time of PDA/DOX&ICG nanoparticles, evading clearance by the body immune system and achieving targeted delivery to tumor tissues, a protective envelopment was created using erythrocyte membranes modified with folate acid (FA-EM). After reaching the tumor tissue, the obtained FA-EM@PDA/DOX&ICG nanoparticles can specific bind with folate acid receptors on the surface of tumor cells, which can improve the uptake behavior of FA-EM@PDA/DOX&ICG nanoparticles by tumor cells, and leading to the release of loaded DOX and ICG in response to the unique tumor microenvironment. ICG, as a typical photosensitizer, significantly enhances the photothermal conversion performance of FA-EM@PDA/DOX&ICG nanoparticles, thus inducing tumor cells damage. In vitro and in vivo experimental results demonstrated that the coordinated NIR treatment with FA-EM@PDA/DOX&ICG not only effectively inhibits tumor growth, but also exhibits superior biocompatibility, effectively mitigating DOX-induced tissue damage.

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To improve the heat extraction efficiency from the wellbore fluids to the stratum in the geothermal well, thermal insulation cement, which contains of waste glass powder as a heat-insulating material, is proposed to apply in geothermal well's middle and upper sections in the paper. Effect of such glass powers on mechanic and thermal property of thermal insulation cement was then investigated. Various tests were carried out to measure compressive strength, thermal conductivity, microstructure porosity etc. parameters of the thermal insulation cement. Results showed that the waste glass powder would enhance its the compressive strength and improve its the thermal insulation performance. Correlation study between contents of the added waste glass powder in geothermal cements and its mechanic and thermal property was conducted. It was found that thermal insulation cement exhibited its optimum performance when the added content of glass powers was 20% in weight. Analysis of the microstructure porosity with SEM found that the pores in thermal insulation cement with added waste glass powders were mostly closed, tiny and even, and therefore contributed to the compressive strength of the thermal insulation cement; such pores would be also beneficial to improving its thermal insulation performance.

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The crosstalk between endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria is of significance in apoptosis, in which cytochrome b5 (Cyt b5) is thought to be a major target for cytochrome c (Cyt c) upon its release from the mitochondria. In the absence of Cyt b5, the role of interactions of Cyt c with CYP-dependent monooxygenase system in apoptotic regulation was explored in this study. NADPH-dependent and Cyt c-induced formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and NADPH-independent Cyt c unfolding were revealed. With the aid of a CPR inhibitor and CYP antibodies, the interactions among Cyt c, cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) and cytochrome P450 (CYP) are evidenced, which are found crucial for monooxygenase-derived ROS formation. The underlying structural basis of Cyt c-CYP complex was unveiled by molecular dynamics simulations. This study provides novel insights into how Cyt c regulates ROS formation through the interactions with CPR and CYP, and is implicated for a deeper understanding of the regulation mechanism in the mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum apoptotic pathway.

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Photo-assisted Zn-air batteries can accelerate the kinetics of oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution reactions (ORR/OER); however, challenges such as rapid charge carrier recombination and continuous electrolyte evaporation remain. Herein, for the first time, piezoelectric catalysis is introduced in a photo-assisted Zn-air battery to improve carrier separation capability and accelerate the ORR/OER kinetics of the photoelectric cathode. The designed microhelical catalyst exploits simple harmonic vibrations to regenerate the built-in electric field continuously. Specifically, in the presence of the low-frequency kinetic energy that occurs during water flow, the piezoelectric-photocoupling catalyst of poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene)@ferric oxide(Fe@P(V-T)) is periodically deformed, generating a constant reconfiguration of the built-in electric field that separates photogenerated electrons and holes continuously. Further, on exposure to microvibrations, the gap between the charge and discharge potentials of the Fe@P(V-T)-based photo-assisted Zn-air battery is reduced by 1.7 times compared to that without piezoelectric assistance, indicating that piezoelectric catalysis is highly effective for enhancing photocatalytic efficiency. This study provides a thorough understanding of coupling piezoelectric polarization and photo-assisted strategy in the field of energy storage and opens a fresh perspective for the investigation of multi-field coupling-assisted Zn-air batteries.

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BACKGROUND: Carotid siphon calcification (CSC) serves as a marker of atherosclerosis and therefore may influence the outcome after subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). We aimed to analyze the impact of CSC on neurological outcomes, ischemia, and vasospasm. METHODS: A total of 716 patients with aSAH were treated between December 2004 and June 2016 in our central European tertiary neurovascular care center in Essen, Germany. CSC was recorded using the Woodcock scale (grades 0-3) on a computed tomography scan. Study end points included an unfavorable outcome at 6 months post-aSAH (modified Rankin Scale score ≥4), vasospasm, and early cerebral ischemia (72 hours) and delayed cerebral ischemia (delayed cerebral ischemia; >72 hours) in the follow-up computed tomography scans. The associations were adjusted for patients' baseline characteristics and secondary complications. Finally, within a subgroup analysis, patients with and without daily aspirin intake after endovascular aneurysm occlusion were compared. RESULTS: Increasing grades of CSC were associated with lower rates of vasospasm in the anterior circulation. Severe CSC (grade 3) was independently related to the risk of an unfavorable outcome (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 4.06 [95% CI, 1.98-8.33]; P<0.001) and early cerebral ischemia (aOR, 1.58 [95% CI, 1.03-2.43]; P=0.035) but not delayed cerebral ischemia (aOR, 1.08 [95% CI, 0.67-1.73]; P=0.763). In the aspirin subgroup analysis, the negative effect of severe CSC on functional outcome remained significant only in aSAH cases without aspirin (aOR, 5.47 [95% CI, 2.38-12.54]; P<0.001). In contrast, there was no association between severe CSC and unfavorable outcomes among individuals with daily aspirin intake (aOR, 0.84 [95% CI, 0.59-4.21]; P=0.603). CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest CSC as a cerebrovascular risk factor resulting in higher rates of early cerebral ischemia and unfavorable outcomes after aSAH. However, by increasing arterial stiffness, CSC might lower the probability of vasospasm, which could explain the missing link between CSC and delayed cerebral ischemia. Additionally, aspirin intake seems to potentially mitigate the negative impact of CSC on aSAH outcome. Further investigations are needed to confirm the observations from the present study.

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OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present meta-analysis was to compare the efficacy and safety of the carbon fiber-reinforced polyetheretherketone (CFR-PEEK) and titanium plate for the treatment of proximal humeral fractures (PHFs) from clinical comparative trials. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A comprehensive search of English databases was carried out, such as PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Springer and Cochrane Library databases. The RevMan version 5.1 software was applied for statistical analysis, and the mean difference (MD) and risk difference (RD) as the combined variables, and "95%" as the confidence interval (CIs). RESULTS: One randomized-controlled trial and five retrospective controlled studies including 282 PHFs were considered eligible and finally included. Meta-analysis demonstrated that there were significant differences in Constant score (CS) (MD=9.23; 95% CI: 5.02, 13.44; p<0.0001), anterior elevation (MD=18.83; 95% CI: 6.27, 31.38; p=0.003), lateral elevation (MD=18.42; 95% CI: 3.64, 33.19; p=0.01) and adduction (MD=3.53; 95% CI: 0.22, 6.84; p=0.04). No significant differences were observed regarding Constant score compared to the contralateral shoulder, Oxford Shoulder Score, internal rotation, external rotation, screw perforation and cutout, varus/valgus malalignment, humeral head collapse/necrosis, implant removal, and revision surgery between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Compared to titanium plate, CFR-PEEK plate showed better Constant score, anterior elevation, lateral elevation and adduction in treating PHFs. The complications are comparable to those achieved with conventional titanium plates.

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Migratory birds play an important role in the cross-regional transmission of zoonotic pathogens. Assessing the presence of zoonotic pathogens carried by migratory birds is critical for disease control. However, information about Blastocystis infection in the migratory birds is very limited. Thus, we conducted this study with the aim to explore the occurrence, prevalence and subtyping of Blastocystis in four breeds of migratory birds in northeastern China. From October 2022 to April 2023, a total of 427 fresh fecal samples were obtained from four breeds of migratory birds in five nature reserves in northeastern China, and screened for Blastocystis by PCR amplification. Twenty-one (4.92 %) of the studied samples were confirmed Blastocystis-positive, and two known zoonotic subtypes ST6 and ST7 were founded, with ST7 being the major subtype. Until now, we firstly reported the infection status and subtyping of Blastocystis in the migratory Greater White-Fronted Goose, White Stork, Oriental White Stork and Bean Goose in China. More importantly, these findings present further data on the genetic diversity and transmission routes of Blastocystis and further arouse public health concerns about this organism.

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To elucidate the characteristics of VOCs chemical components during heavy pollution episodes, hourly online VOCs data derived from 11 heavy pollution events in Tianjin from 2019 to 2020 were employed. The positive matrix factorization （PMF） and conditional bivariate probability function （CBPF） were employed to analyze the sources of VOCs during heavy pollution episodes. The results indicated that the average VOCs volume fraction during these episodes was recorded at 35.7×10-9. Furthermore, it was observed that during the winter emergency response period, there was a discernible increase in the volume fraction of VOCs when compared to that during the autumn season. Specifically, there was a notable upswing of 48% in the olefins category, whereas alkanes registered a 4% increase. Additionally, the VOCs component structure changed significantly during the heavy pollution episodes. During the orange warning period, the proportion of alkanes increased by 36%, and the proportion of acetylene decreased by 32%. During the yellow warning period, the proportion of alkanes increased by 14%, and the proportion of acetylene decreased by 5%. During the emergency response period, motor vehicle emission sources, natural gas evaporative sources, and solvent use sources were the main contributors of VOCs in environmental receptors, contributing 17.5%, 15.4%, and 15.2%, respectively. Compared with that during the period antecedent to the emergency response, the contribution of vehicle emission sources and diesel volatile sources to VOCs in environmental receptors decreased by 2.0% to 5.5% and 2.1% to 6.6%, respectively, and the contribution of solvent use sources decreased by 0.2% to 2.4% during the yellow warning period. During the orange warning period, the contribution of motor vehicle emission sources was reduced by 0.1% to 8.3%, and the contribution of solvent use sources was reduced by 0.5% to 6.2%.

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Background: Amidst the expansion of student enrollment in higher education, the well-being and retention rates of students have emerged as important concerns. Resilience, especially academic resilience, a multidimensional construct that can lead to academic success in adversity, is pivotal in enabling students to successfully cope with academic challenges. While the Academic Resilience Scale-30 (ARS-30) has been validated as an effective instrument in various languages, its applicability for Chinese students in higher education remains unexplored. Objective: This study aims to translate and validate the ARS-30 in Chinese, assessing its reliability and validity among Chinese college students in higher education. Methods: A convenience sample of 1,542 students participated in this study. The inventory included the demographic form, Chinese version of ARS-30 (C-ARS-30), 10-item Connor Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10), and General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES). The assessment of validity was conducted by analyzing content validity, construct validity, convergent and discriminant validity, as well as criterion-related validity. Construct validity was evaluated through Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling (ESEM). Reliability analysis was performed using Cronbach's alpha and test-retest reliability. Results: The C-ARS-30 demonstrated commendable content validity, with the CVI value of items ranging from 0.833 to 1.000, and a total scale CVI of 0.986. ESEM analysis revealed a solid four-factor structure, maintaining the scale's 30 items with excellent fit indices (χ2/df = 2.647, CFI = 0.937, TLI = 0.915, RMSEA = 0.057, SRMR = 0.027). The total score of C-ARS-30 exhibited positive correlations with the CD-RISC-10 (r = 0.542) and the GSES (r = 0.488). The scale demonstrated high internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.930) and test-retest reliability (0.794, p < 0.01). Conclusion: The C-ARS-30 is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing academic resilience among Chinese college students, offering a valuable tool for educational and psychological evaluations.

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Recent studies have shown that stress can substantially facilitate breast cancer metastasis, which can be reduced by nonselective ß1/ß2-adrenergic receptor (ß1/ß2-AR) blocker. However, several side effects were identified. Thus, it is extremely warranted to explore more effective and better-tolerated ß2-AR blocker. Currently, we demonstrated that baicalin (BA), a major bioactive component of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, could significantly attenuate stress hormones especially epinephrine (Epi)-induced breast cancer cell migration and invasion in vitro. Mechanistically, we identified that ß2-AR was a direct target of BA via the drug affinity responsive target stability (DARTS) combined with mass spectrum assay, and BA photoaffinity probe with pull-down assay, which was further confirmed by a couple of biophysical and biochemical assays. Furthermore, we demonstrated that BA could directly bind to the Phe-193 and Phe-289 of ß2-AR, subsequently inhibit cyclic adenosine monophosphate-protein kinase A-focal adhesion kinase (cAMP-PKA-FAK) pathway, and thus impede epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), thereby hindering the metastatic progression of the chronic stress coupled with syngeneic and xenograft in vivo orthotopic and tail vein mouse model. These findings firstly identify BA as a potential ß2-AR inhibitor in the treatment of stress-induced breast cancer metastasis.