RESUMEN
Orbitally shaken cylindrical bioreactors [OrbShake bioreactors (OSRs)] without an impeller or sparger are increasingly being used for the suspension cultivation of mammalian cells. Among small volume OSRs, 50-mL tubes with a ventilated cap (OSR50), originally derived from standard laboratory centrifuge tubes with a conical bottom, have found many applications including high-throughput screening for the optimization of cell cultivation conditions. To better understand the fluid dynamics and gas transfer rates at the liquid surface in OSR50, we established a three-dimensional simulation model of the unsteady liquid forms (waves) in this vessel. The studies verified that the operating conditions have a large effect on the interfacial surface. The volumetric mass transfer coefficient (kL a) was determined experimentally and from simulations under various working conditions. We also determined the liquid-phase mass transfer coefficient (kL ) and the specific interfacial area (a) under different conditions to demonstrate that the value of a affected the gas transfer rate more than did the value of kL . High oxygen transfer rates, sufficient for supporting the high-density culture of mammalian cells, were found. Finally, the average axial velocity of the liquid was identified to be an important parameter for maintaining cells in suspension. Overall these studies provide valuable insights into the preferable operating conditions for the OSR50, such as those needed for cell cultures requiring high oxygen levels. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 33:192-200, 2017.
Asunto(s)
Reactores Biológicos , Técnicas de Cultivo de Célula/instrumentación , Suspensiones/química , Animales , Hidrodinámica , Mamíferos , Consumo de OxígenoRESUMEN
As a significant epigenetic regulation mechanism, histone methylation plays an important role in many biological processes. In cells, there are various histone methyltransferases and histone demethylases working cooperatively to regulate the histone methylation state. Upon histone modification, effector proteins recognize modification sites specifically, and affect gene transcriptional process. This review mainly focuses on recent advances in histone methylation effector protein's function mechanism.