RESUMEN
Cytogenetic and molecular analyses enabled identification of two cytotypes among individuals of the spotted scorpion fish Scorpaena plumieri from Margarita Island, Venezuela. Cytotype 1 was characterized by 48 subtelo-acrocentric chromosomes and fundamental number (number of chromosome arms; FN) equalled 48, while cytotype 2 was characterized by two metacentric and 46 subtelo-acrocentric chromosomes and FN was 50. These cytotypes also differed in the location of the ribosomal gene clusters and in the distribution of the constitutive heterochromatin. Moreover, fish from the cytotypes 1 and 2 were found to belong to distinct mitochondrial lineages. The presence of two S. plumieri cytotypes from two lineages separated by high genetic distance suggests that they correspond to sympatric cryptic species.
Asunto(s)
Citogenética , Perciformes/clasificación , Perciformes/genética , Animales , Región del Caribe , Heterocromatina , Hibridación Fluorescente in Situ , Familia de Multigenes/genética , Especificidad de la Especie , VenezuelaRESUMEN
A multicenter cross-sectional study was performed to evaluate the prevalence of heart failure (HF) and the associated cardiovascular (CV) risk factors in 298 peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients from Argentina and Uruguay, representing almost 30% of the total number of PD patients in the two countries. Bidimensional echocardiography, electrocardiography, and biochemical analysis were performed. Systolic HF was defined as an ejection fraction <50%. According to echocardiography, 84.6% showed left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), 38.3% valvular heart disease, and 35.4% valvular calcification, whereas 20% showed intraventricular conduction disturbances on the electrocardiogram. The prevalence of CV risk factors was of 73% hypertension, 51% sedentarism, 18% diabetes, 16.8% obesity, 12% smokers, 42.3% phosphorus >5.5 mg per 100 ml, 42.3% parathyroid hormone>300 pg ml(-1), and 29.6% calcium phosphate product >55. The prevalence of systolic HF was 9.9%, being significantly associated with diabetes: odds ratio (OR)=4.11 (P<0.006) and hypoalbuminemia: OR=3.45 (P<0.011). Forty percent of patients with a diagnosis of left ventricular dysfunction at the time of the study were asymptomatic. Variables associated with LVH in the multivariate analysis were anemia (OR=4.06; P<0.001) and previous hemodialysis (OR=1.99; P<0.031). The identification of reversible risk factors associated to HF and the diagnosis of asymptomatic ventricular dysfunction in this PD population will lead our efforts to establish guidelines for prevention and early treatment of congestive HF in patients on PD.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/epidemiología , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/etiología , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/epidemiología , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/etiología , Enfermedades Renales/complicaciones , Diálisis Peritoneal , Adulto , Argentina/epidemiología , Enfermedad Crónica , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Hipertrofia Ventricular Izquierda/diagnóstico por imagen , Hipertrofia Ventricular Izquierda/epidemiología , Hipertrofia Ventricular Izquierda/etiología , Enfermedades Renales/terapia , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Análisis Multivariante , Prevalencia , Factores de Riesgo , Ultrasonografía , Uruguay/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Coexistence of a complete mole and a normal fetus is a rare event. First trimester sonographic appearance of a complete molar pregnancy with a coexistent fetus and its sonographic differentiation from entities that may simulate a hydatidiform mole in its early stages is discussed. The reported case is one of a 19 y/o woman G2P1001 who was hospitalized several times for abnormal uterine bleeding. Characteristically, the sonographic appearance of a hydatidiform mole is of a moderately echogenic, multicystic intrauterine soft tissue mass. In this particular case, the initial presentation was that of a complex intrauterine fundal mass adjacent to a normal embryo, thus molar pregnancy was considered as part of the differential diagnosis. Doppler evaluation of the echogenic intrauterine mass has been proposed in addition to HCG evaluation, in order to differentiate from trophoblastic and non-trophoblastic disease. In differentiating between a partial and a complete molar pregnancy it is most important to realize that the diagnosis is difficult by ultrasonography because both present with the same multicystic or vesicular pattern. However, if there is a coexistent fetus such as in our reported case, the differentiation would be possible on basis of the presence of a sonographically normal placenta separated from the degenerated placenta
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Femenino , Embarazo , Adulto , Mola Hidatiforme , Neoplasias UterinasRESUMEN
Coexistence of a complete mole and a normal fetus is a rare event. First trimester sonographic appearance of a complete molar pregnancy with a coexistent fetus and its sonographic differentiation from entities that may simulate a hydatidiform mole in its early stages is discussed. The reported case is one of a 19 y/o woman G2P1001 who was hospitalized several times for abnormal uterine bleeding. Characteristically, the sonographic appearance of a hydatidiform mole is of a moderately echogenic, multicystic intrauterine soft tissue mass. In this particular case, the initial presentation was that of a complex intrauterine fundal mass adjacent to a normal embryo, thus molar pregnancy was considered as part of the differential diagnosis. Doppler evaluation of the echogenic intrauterine mass has been proposed in addition to HCG evaluation, in order to differentiate from trophoblastic and non-trophoblastic disease. In differentiating between a partial and a complete molar pregnancy it is most important to realize that the diagnosis is difficult by ultrasonography because both present with the same multicystic or vesicular pattern. However, if there is a coexistent fetus such as in our reported case, the differentiation would be possible on basis of the presence of a sonographically normal placenta separated from the degenerated placenta.
Asunto(s)
Mola Hidatiforme/diagnóstico por imagen , Ultrasonografía Prenatal , Neoplasias Uterinas/diagnóstico por imagen , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , EmbarazoRESUMEN
Unisexual poeciliid fishes collected from two localities in the Soto la Marina drainage have been analyzed. Unisexual diploid and triploid specimens with anomalous karyotypes were found among karyotypically normal specimens. Chromosomal data are discussed in light of the origin of clonal diversity in unisexual/bisexual breeding complexes and with regard to the role of triploids in these breeding complexes.
Asunto(s)
Peces/genética , Sexo , Animales , Bandeo Cromosómico , Femenino , Cariotipificación , México , Región Organizadora del Nucléolo/ultraestructuraRESUMEN
Chromosomes of Poecilia mexicana mexicana, one of the bisexual species involved in the hybrid origin of the unisexual teleost fish species P. formosa, were analyzed by several staining techniques. Sex-specific, differential heterochromatin, found in other congeneric species, was not observed in P. m. mexicana. Nucleolar organizer regions were polymorphic among individual specimens within a given population sample. A single specimen exhibiting intraindividual variability of chromosome pair 1 and a specimen with a triploid karyotype are also described.