RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: Febrile neutropenia (FN) is one of the most common complications of stem cell transplantation. The aim of this analysis was to evaluate the frequency of sepsis in patients with FN colonized with resistant Gram negative bacteria (Extended spectrum ß-lactamase positive, multidrug resistant (MDR) P. aeruginosa) and the choice of primary antibiotic in colonized patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective study analyzed data from patients who underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from 01/2018 to 09/2022. Data were extracted from the hospital information system. RESULTS: Carbapenem as the primary antibiotic of choice was chosen in 10.9% of non-colonized +/-AmpC patients, 31.5% of ESBL+ patients, and 0% of MDR P. aeruginosa patients. Patients with FN and MDR P. aeruginosa colonization had a high prevalence of sepsis (namely 100%, p = 0.0197). The spectrum of sepsis appeared to be different, with Gram negative bacilli predominating in the ESBL+ group (p = 0.0123, OR 5.39 [95% CI 1.55-18.76]). Colonizer sepsis was present in 100% of sepsis with MDR P. aeruginosa colonization (p=0.002), all in allogeneic transplantation (p=0.0003), with a mortality rate of 33.3% (p=0.0384). The incidence of sepsis in patients with ESBL+ colonization was 25.9% (p=0.0197), with colonizer sepsis in 50% of sepsis cases (p=0.0002), most in allogeneic transplantation (p=0.0003). CONCLUSION: The results show a significant risk of sepsis in FN with MDR P. aeruginosa colonization, this state is almost exclusively caused by the colonizer. At the same time, a higher risk of Gram negative sepsis has been demonstrated in patients colonized with ESBL+ bacteria.

RESUMEN

Actually, the epidemiology is a dynamically developing medical science located at the intersection of social and biological branches of knowledge and bio-informatics. The new sources of data, the new methods create unique opportunities for epidemiologist. The number of epidemiological studies carrying out at the junction of several adjacent disciplines is increasing that requires harmonious interaction of specialists of different branches of medical knowledge. The change of the structure of global mortality towards chronic non-communicable diseases significantly affected the vector of epidemiological studies. Many interventional epidemiological projects are targeted to evaluation of effectiveness of new methods of prevention of cardiovascular, metabolic and oncological diseases. However, in recent years, the fight against unremembered infections affecting about 1 billion of people and taking away lives of 0.5 million people annually gained new importance. The current COVID-19 pandemic also affected epidemiology of communicable and chronic non-communicable diseases. Great attention is also currently attended to studying influence of social, economic and environmental factors on human health. The increase of average life expectancy of population contributes to development of epidemiology of the elderly. The new projects are initiated in the field of pharmacoepidemiology targeted to studying effectiveness of medications. The review of national and foreign publications considering current trends and achievements in the field of epidemiology. The reference retrieval engines such as PubMed, Google Scholar, CyberLeninka were used. The current directions of epidemiological research are analyzed. The challenges and development prospects of development of modern epidemiology are highlighted.

Asunto(s)

COVID-19 , Enfermedades no Transmisibles , Anciano , Humanos , COVID-19/epidemiología , Esperanza de Vida , Enfermedades no Transmisibles/epidemiología , Enfermedades no Transmisibles/prevención & control , Pandemias/prevención & control , Salud Pública

RESUMEN

Sarcoidosis is a granulomatous multisystem disease of unclear etiology. Among the many local lesions of different localization, lesions of the central and peripheral nervous system (neurosarcoidosis) are distinguished as particularly unfavorable manifestations of the disease. Only in rare cases, neurosarcoidosis can manifest as isolated or primary. Biopsy remains the gold standard for the diagnosis of neurosarcoidosis. However, significant difficulties remain in verifying the diagnosis, especially with an isolated variant of the lesion A rare case of isolated neurosarcoidosis with a primary focus in the right hemisphere of the brain is described. The data of histological, histochemical and immunohistochemical examination of the surgical material are presented.

Asunto(s)

Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso Central , Sarcoidosis , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagen , Encéfalo/patología , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso Central/diagnóstico , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso Central/patología , Humanos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Sarcoidosis/diagnóstico

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: Assess the significance of chordoma as a neurosurgical pathology, taking into account the latest edition of the WHO classification of soft tissues and bone tumors (2020). MATERIAL AND METHODS: An analysis of 28 chordomas was carried out. All chordomas were histologically verified, including using immunohistochemical markers of notochordal differentiation (S100, EMA, keratin, brachiuria protein). RESULTS: Patients with chordomas accounted for 0.25% of the total number of neurosurgical patients. The vast majority (27) of chordomas had a cranio-vertebral localization. Sacral localization (S3-S5) of the tumor was detected in 1 patient. In 4 (15%) cases, operations were performed for the recurrence of chordoma. The tumors tended to grow into the structures of the skull, overgrown the vessels and nerves, and compress the adjacent brain structures. This was manifested by pain syndrome, neurological symptoms, impaired liquorodynamics. According to histopathological criteria, 27 (96%) cases of tumors were classified as conventional (usual) chordoma type, among them 7 corresponded to the chondroid subtype of the chordoma. In 1 case (4%), a dedifferentiated chordoma was detected. CONCLUSION: Chordoma, due to its axial localization, naturally involves adjacent structures of the nervous system, has clinically significant neuropathological manifestations, and often provides direct indications for a special neurosurgical approach. This requires its consideration not only as a bone, but also as a neurosurgical oncological pathology, along with other non-meningothelial (mesenchymal) tumors of the CNS.

Asunto(s)

Cordoma , Neoplasias de la Columna Vertebral , Cordoma/diagnóstico , Cordoma/patología , Cordoma/cirugía , Humanos , Queratinas , Neoplasias de la Columna Vertebral/patología

RESUMEN

Primary melanocytic tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) are extremely rare and account for only 1% of all melanomas and 0.05% of primary brain tumors. In case of diffusely invasive lesions of the pia mater with a tumor of melanocytic origin (without signs of extracranial metastases), the tumors are classified as primary diffuse meningeal melanomatosis (PDMM). The latter is an extremely rare subtype of CNS malignant tumor with an incidence rate of 1 in 20 million people. Despite the development of neuroimaging techniques, today a morphological examination remains the main and most accurate method for verifying CNS melanocytic tumors. The paper describes a fatal case of PMMD manifested as epileptic syndrome, with a rapidly progressive course.

Asunto(s)

Neoplasias del Sistema Nervioso Central , Melanoma , Neoplasias Meníngeas , Humanos , Melanocitos , Melanoma/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Meníngeas/diagnóstico por imagen

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of fluorescence navigation with chlorin e6 in surgery for malignant gliomas based on surgical material morphological and immunohistochemical data. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The surgical material obtained from patients with high-grade (Grade III-IV) anaplastic glioma was examined. Along with histological examination, the proliferation marker Ki-67, the cell cycle transcription factor protein p53, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were determined. RESULTS: A significant direct correlation was found between the expression of Ki-67, p53, and VEGF and the fluorescence intensity of tumor tissues (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The technique of fluorescence navigation using chlorin e6 in comparative morphopathological analysis has confirmed its effectiveness in surgery for malignant gliomas.

Asunto(s)

Neoplasias Encefálicas , Glioma , Neoplasias Encefálicas/genética , Neoplasias Encefálicas/cirugía , Clorofilidas , Fluorescencia , Glioma/genética , Glioma/cirugía , Humanos , Antígeno Ki-67/genética , Porfirinas , Proteína p53 Supresora de Tumor/genética , Factor A de Crecimiento Endotelial Vascular/genética

RESUMEN

Studying the regulation of signaling reactions of innate immunity by the hepatitis C virus (HCV) will help to reveal the causes of the transition of the acute form of the disease to a chronic course. The molecular mechanisms of activation by HCV RNA of innate immunity receptors TLR and RLR and signal transduction processes leading to the synthesis of IFN and inflammatory cytokines are considered. The inhibitory effects of non-structural and structural HCV proteins on immune signaling reactions are analyzed in detail. The information presented is the result of an analysis of literature data published in international databases mainly over the past 5 years. In conclusion, signaling receptors are proposed as targets for the development of new antiviral drugs with immunotherapeutic activity.

Asunto(s)

Hepacivirus/genética , Hepatitis C/genética , Inmunidad Innata/efectos de los fármacos , ARN Viral/inmunología , Citocinas/genética , Hepacivirus/inmunología , Hepacivirus/patogenicidad , Hepatitis C/inmunología , Hepatitis C/virología , Interacciones Huésped-Patógeno/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Inmunidad Innata/genética , Interferones/genética , ARN Viral/efectos de los fármacos , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Receptores Toll-Like/genética , Replicación Viral/efectos de los fármacos , Replicación Viral/genética

RESUMEN

Objectives: Anti-carbamylated protein antibodies (anti-CarP) are reported to be associated with increased disease activity and with more severe joint damage in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. The present study investigated the presence of anti-CarP in various rheumatic diseases, and their specific clinical significance in RA, in Belgian rheumatology patients.Method: We tested sera from 254 RA patients, 56 healthy controls, and 153 patients with different rheumatic conditions: juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), axial spondyloarthritis, systemic sclerosis, and Sjögren's syndrome (SS). An in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect immunoglobulin G antibodies against carbamylated foetal calf serum.Results: Anti-CarP were detected in 88 RA patients (34.6%), of whom 82% were also positive for anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) and 81% were also rheumatoid factor (RF) positive. Of note, 11 anti-CarP single-positive patients were detected (4.3%). The previously reported association with joint erosions was not detected. However, in ACPA- and RF-negative RA patients, the presence of anti-CarP was associated with higher disease activity and disability. Fifteen per cent of JIA patients and 30% of SS patients also tested positive for anti-CarP and their antibody levels did not differ significantly from those of anti-CarP-positive RA patients. Anti-CarP levels were, however, significantly higher in ACPA- or RF-positive patients.Conclusion: Anti-CarP antibodies were detected in the sera of a cohort of Belgian RA patients. Moreover, they were also detected in primary SS patients and in JIA patients. In the seronegative subset of RA patients, anti-CarP antibodies showed prognostic value.

Asunto(s)

Artritis Juvenil/inmunología , Artritis Reumatoide/inmunología , Autoanticuerpos/inmunología , Esclerodermia Sistémica/inmunología , Síndrome de Sjögren/inmunología , Espondiloartritis/inmunología , Adulto , Artritis Juvenil/sangre , Artritis Reumatoide/sangre , Autoanticuerpos/sangre , Bélgica , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Retrospectivos , Esclerodermia Sistémica/sangre , Estudios Seroepidemiológicos , Síndrome de Sjögren/sangre , Espondiloartritis/sangre

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: To study etiopathogenesis is one of the most important tasks of modern neurology. Various types of structural changes occur in drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE); however, they are described as distinct phenomena. OBJECTIVE: To provide a comprehensive characterization of structural changes in the cortex and adjacent white matter in the electrophysiological activity zone (in the epileptic focus) in patients undergoing surgery for DRE. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Biopsy material of fragments of the temporal lobe and hippocampus from 16 patients aged 21 to 54 years (mean age, 25 years) with DRE were intraoperatively obtained at the Prof. A.L. Polenov Russian Research Institute of Neurosurgery. The investigators studied histological sections stained with H&E, toluidine blue according to the Nissl method and the Spielmeyer method, as well as the results of immunohistochemical reactions with glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), vimentin, and neurofilaments (NF) (Dako antibodies, Denmark). RESULTS: Histological examination revealed a set of heterogeneous changes, reflecting the complex pathogenetic interactions that developed during the formation of an epileptic focus. Structural brain damage involved both gray and white matter. Focal cortical dysplasia was diagnosed in 14 (87.5%) cases; white matter neuronal heterotopia in 100%; neuronal reactive and destructive changes in 100%; epileptic leukoencephalopathy (vascular demyelination, microcysts, sclerosis and dystonia, gliosis) in 100%, cortical atrophy in 12.5%, and hippocampal sclerosis in 20% (in 2 out of the 10 examinees). CONCLUSION: The morphopathological heterogeneity in the structure of epileptic foci reflects the complexity of etiopathogenetic interactions, the polymorphism of epileptic manifestations, and the individual nature of formation of the epileptic system, which requires an integral approach to understanding the pathogenesis and morphogenesis of formation of the epileptic system and provides a direction for a personalized approach to epilepsy treatment.

Asunto(s)

Epilepsia , Preparaciones Farmacéuticas , Adulto , Proteína Ácida Fibrilar de la Glía , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Federación de Rusia , Vimentina , Adulto Joven

RESUMEN

In contrast to other countries with predominantly white populations, Russian smoking-related lung cancers (LC) are mainly squamous cell carcinomas and approximately half lung adenocarcinomas (AdCa) are not related to tobacco consumption. Given that smoking significantly influences the probability of presence of actionable mutations in LC, one would expect that Russian lung AdCa patients would differ from other white populations in distribution of EGFR, ALK, KRAS and BRAF mutations. Herein, 2,336 consecutive lung AdCa cases, including 1,203 patients with known smoking status, were subjected to sequential testing for the above mutations. One quarter of lung AdCa patients carried either EGFR or ALK mutation with combined prevalence of 42% in those who had never smoked but only 8% in smokers. There was only a moderate difference in KRAS mutation frequency between ever- and never-smokers in EGFR/ALK-negative cases (31% vs. 23%), and this was mainly attributed to increased prevalence of G12C substitution in the former group. The occurrence of BRAF V600E mutation was 1.7% and 4% in EGFR/ALK/KRAS mutation-negative ever- and never-smokers, respectively. ALK testing of 470 EGFR-mutated tumors revealed only 1 (0.2%) instance of translocation. Similarly, KRAS testing identified 1 (1.25%) mutation in 80 EGFR-mutated AdCa and none in 48 ALK-rearranged AdCa. Therefore, concurrent actionable mutations in lung adenocarcinoma are exceptionally rare and sequential gene testing can be regarded as a reliable option.

Asunto(s)

Adenocarcinoma del Pulmón/genética , Quinasa de Linfoma Anaplásico/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas B-raf/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas p21(ras)/genética , Adenocarcinoma , Análisis Mutacional de ADN , Receptores ErbB/genética , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Mutación , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Federación de Rusia , Fumar

RESUMEN

In culture of THP-1 cells differentiated into macrophages with PMA (THP-PMA macrophages) infected with influenza viruses of subtypes H1, H5 and H9, we measured the expression of TLR7 and RIG1 receptor genes, sensors of viral RNA and ribonucleoprotein, and the levels of production of inflammatory cytokines IL-1ß, TNFα, IL-10, and IFNα. The sensitivity and inflammatory response of THP-PMA macrophages to pandemic influenza A virus H1N1pdm09 and avian influenza H5N2 and H9N2 viruses correlate with the intracellular level of their viral RNA and activation of the RIG1 gene. Abortive infection is accompanied by intensive macrophage secretion of TNFα, IL-1ß, and toxic factors inducing cell death. Activity of endosomal TLR7 receptor gene changed insignificantly in 24 h after infection and significantly decreased in 48 and 72 h under the action of H5N2 and H9N2, which correlated with manifestation of the cytopathogenic effect of these viruses. H5N2 and H9N2 avian viruses in THP-PMA macrophages are strong activators of the expression of the gene of the cytoplasmic RIG1 receptor 24 and 48 h after infection, and the pandemic virus H1N1pdm09 is a weak stimulator of RIG1 gene. Avian influenza H5N2 and H9N2 viruses are released by rapid induction of the inflammatory response in macrophages. At the late stages of infection, we observed a minor increase in IL-10 secretion in macrophages and, probably, the polarization of a part of the population in type M2. The studied influenza A viruses are weak inductors of IFN in THP-PMA macrophages. In the culture medium of THP-PMA macrophages infected with H9N2 and H5N2 viruses, MTT test revealed high levels of toxic factors causing the death of Caco-2 cells. In contrast to avian viruses, pandemic virus H1N1pdm09 did not induce production of toxic factors.

Asunto(s)

Subtipo H1N1 del Virus de la Influenza A/patogenicidad , Subtipo H5N2 del Virus de la Influenza A/patogenicidad , Subtipo H9N2 del Virus de la Influenza A/patogenicidad , Macrófagos/citología , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Animales , Células CACO-2 , Diferenciación Celular/fisiología , Humanos , Subtipo H1N1 del Virus de la Influenza A/inmunología , Monocitos/citología , Monocitos/metabolismo , Pandemias

RESUMEN

The study was carried out to investigate features of microbiota and resistance to antibiotics of agents isolated from bio-material of patients in the conditions of multi-type hospital. The microbiological analysis was applied to 6148 samples using optimal set of corresponding techniques (classical tests, chromogenic mediums, immune serological, Maldi-Tof mass spectrometry). The resistance to antibiotics was established by using disk diffusion test (EUCAST 2016, Adagio analyzer). The leading role in etiology of pyoinflammatory processes belongs to E. coli, coagulase-negative staphylococci, enterococci, C. albicans. In the department of contaminated surgery among leaders are S. aureus, opportunistic enterobacteria, hemolytic streptococci, non-fermentative gram-negative microorganisms. In the department of traumatology and orthopedics first place was for representatives of enterobacteria family headed by E. coli, then follows S. aureus and after that other types of microorganisms. The main representatives of microorganisms, isolated from patients of the department of anesthesiology and reanimation, occurred blue pus bacillus, S.aureus, Klebsiella. In the department of therapy first place was for pneumoccocus and yeast-like fungi genus Candida. The resistance to antibiotics of main microflora differs depending on perspective of profile departments. It is extremely important to examine accurately for detection of agent of disease and to establish sensitivity to antibiotics of various groups.

Asunto(s)

Antibacterianos/farmacología , Escherichia coli , Staphylococcus aureus , Humanos , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Staphylococcus

RESUMEN

Low back pain is one of the most common causes of disability in the world. Discogenic process is the leading component of the disease. A significant part of these pain syndromes become chronic that leads to disability and social maladjustment. Chronic low back pain is hard to treat due to the several types of pathogenesis. The paper analyzes the etiology, mechanisms of development, clinical features, specific characteristics, pathomorphology of the formation of psychogenic component of pain. A role of comorbid psychogenic states involved in the chronization of low back pain is considered. Main approaches to treatment of the psychogenic component of pain are presented.

Asunto(s)

Dolor de la Región Lumbar , Humanos , Dolor de la Región Lumbar/diagnóstico , Dolor de la Región Lumbar/etiología , Dolor de la Región Lumbar/psicología

RESUMEN

The equations of state for solid (with bcc, fcc, and hcp structures) and liquid phases of Fe were defined via simultaneous optimization of the heat capacity, bulk moduli, thermal expansion, and volume at room and higher temperatures. The calculated triple points at the phase diagram have the following parameters: bcc-fcc-hcp is located at 7.3 GPa and 820 K, bcc-fcc-liquid at 5.2 GPa and 1998 K, and fcc-hcp-liquid at 106.5 GPa and 3787 K. At conditions near the fcc-hcp-liquid triple point, the Clapeyron slope of the fcc-liquid curve is dT/dP = 12.8 K/GPa while the slope of the hcp-liquid curve is higher (dT/dP = 13.7 K/GPa). Therefore, the hcp-liquid curve overlaps the metastable fcc-liquid curve at pressures of about 160 GPa. At high-pressure conditions, the metastable bcc-hcp curve is located inside the fcc-Fe or liquid stability field. The density, adiabatic bulk modulus and P-wave velocity of liquid Fe calculated up to 328.9 GPa at adiabatic temperature conditions started from 5882 K (outer/inner core boundary) were compared to the PREM seismological model. We determined the density deficit of hcp-Fe at the inner core boundary (T = 5882 K and P = 328.9 GPa) to be 4.4%.

RESUMEN

The innate immune receptors TLR4, TLR7, TLR8, and RIG1 recognized the structures of the influenza viruses in human lymphocytes and were activated by the recombinant avian influenza virus A/Vietnam/1203/04 and its escape-mutant m13(13) during early period of interaction. The stimulated levels are not connected with viral reproduction. Donor cells with the low constitutive immune receptors gene expression levels showed higher stimulation. Inflammation virus effects resulted in. increasing production of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma by lymphocytes. Signaling gene reactions of the parent and mutant viruses endosomal as well as cytoplasmic receptors are very similar. The mutant virus A/Vietnam/1203/04 (HA S145F), stimulated an increase in the transcription level of the membrane receptor gene TLR4 and a decrease in the level of activation of TNF-alpha gene. Further studies of natural influenza virus isolates are necessary to estimate the role of HA antigenic changes on immune reactions in humans.

Asunto(s)

Interacciones Huésped-Patógeno/inmunología , Subtipo H5N1 del Virus de la Influenza A/inmunología , Linfocitos/inmunología , Transducción de Señal/inmunología , Regulación de la Expresión Génica , Glicoproteínas Hemaglutininas del Virus de la Influenza/genética , Glicoproteínas Hemaglutininas del Virus de la Influenza/inmunología , Humanos , Inmunidad Celular , Subtipo H5N1 del Virus de la Influenza A/genética , Subtipo H5N1 del Virus de la Influenza A/crecimiento & desarrollo , Interferón gamma/genética , Interferón gamma/inmunología , Activación de Linfocitos , Linfocitos/virología , Mutación , Cultivo Primario de Células , Receptores de Ácido Retinoico/genética , Receptores de Ácido Retinoico/inmunología , Receptor Toll-Like 4/genética , Receptor Toll-Like 4/inmunología , Receptor Toll-Like 7/genética , Receptor Toll-Like 7/inmunología , Receptor Toll-Like 8/genética , Receptor Toll-Like 8/inmunología , Transcripción Genética , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/genética , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/inmunología

RESUMEN

Northern wetlands ecosystems play an important role in the hydrological balance of neighboring areas, where they act as chemical barriers against anthropogenic and technogenic contaminations. Studied region is well known for quantity of peat deposits and the volume of peat resources. Peat can be considered as a highly informative marker for assessing change in environmental conditions. The study presents the results of the first investigation of peat samples, collected from representative ecosystems of northern wetland territories with low anthropogenic impact. Component and element composition of various peat types were studied in a relation to hydrologic, climate and sampling conditions. It was found out that organic and ash contents are more dependent on the type of the bog, than geographic location. Climatic factors are more important for the formation of bitumen. The degradation degree in peat increases proportionally to content of humates. High content of biogenic and lithogenic elements was observed in transition- and low-moor peat. The content of trace elements in peat samples do not depend on the type of the peat. The structural properties of peat were studied by the light microscopy, AFM and dynamic light scattering. It was determined that the conformation of studied peat samples is characterized by elements of asymmetry. The observed particles in the solutions exist in dynamic equilibrium with separated globular macromolecules. The size of these nanoparticles is comparable with the size of the particles of other biopolymers of similar nature. Swelling of peat in liquid water was studied. The relationship between structural specificities, origin of peat and its maximum degree of swelling was found. The degree of swelling can be used as structural-sensitive parameter in further research.

RESUMEN

Enrichment and pure cultures of hyperthermophilic archaea capable of anaerobic growth on one- carbon compounds (CO and/or formate) were obtained from deep-sea sites of hydrothermal activity at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, Lau Basin, and Guaymas Basin. All isolates belonged to the T barophilus-T paralvi- .nellae group within the genus Thermococcus. In all cases available for analysis, the genomes of Thermococcus strains capable of growth by hydrogenogenic utilization of CO and/or formate contained clusters of genes en- coding energy-converting hydrogenase and either CO dehydrogenase or formate dehydrogenase and formate transporter. Apart from the previously known processes of hydrogenogenic oxidation of CO and formate, the oxidation of these substrates coupled to sulfur reduction was observed, processes previously unknown among archaea. The capacities for hydrogenogenic or sulfidogenic oxidation of CO and formate occurred in the studied strains in all possible combinations, which could only in part be explained by peculiarities of organi- zation of genetic determinants revealed in the genomes. Investigation of CO and formate consumption kinet- ics revealed that T barophilus strain Ch5 was able to grow at concentrations close to the environmental ones. Thus, it was shown that hyperthermophilic archaea from deep-sea hydrothermal vents are able to utilize one- carbon substrates of abiotic origin both in the presence of an electron acceptor (sulfur) and in its absence. These processes were probably of importance under the conditions of the early Earth biosphere.

Asunto(s)

Aldehído Oxidorreductasas/metabolismo , Monóxido de Carbono/metabolismo , Formiato Deshidrogenasas/metabolismo , Formiatos/metabolismo , Genoma Arqueal , Complejos Multienzimáticos/metabolismo , Thermococcus/metabolismo , Aldehído Oxidorreductasas/genética , Océano Atlántico , Formiato Deshidrogenasas/genética , Expresión Génica , Calor , Hidrógeno/metabolismo , Respiraderos Hidrotermales , Cinética , Complejos Multienzimáticos/genética , Familia de Multigenes , Oxidación-Reducción , Filogenia , Agua de Mar , Azufre/metabolismo , Thermococcus/clasificación , Thermococcus/genética

RESUMEN

The article presents data concerning the prevalence, clinical manifestations, methods of diagnostics, treatment and prevention of cholestasis of pregnancy, as well as the case management depending on the gestation and the cholestasis severity. A clinical case of a typical course of cholesrasis of pregnancy is presented.

Asunto(s)

Colestasis , Complicaciones del Embarazo , Colestasis/diagnóstico , Colestasis/epidemiología , Colestasis/terapia , Femenino , Humanos , Embarazo , Complicaciones del Embarazo/diagnóstico , Complicaciones del Embarazo/epidemiología , Complicaciones del Embarazo/terapia , Prevalencia

RESUMEN

The purpose of the review is to summarise the current data on chronic and acute pancreatitis with the goal to improve the diagnostics and treatment of women during pregnancy, which complicates differential diagnosis of hepatopancreatobiliary system pathology. The features of the incidence, etiology, parhogenesis and evaluation of the severity of the clinical manifestations of acute pancreatitis in pregnant women are given, It is emphasis that the most frequent its reason is the gallstones following by the biliary pancreatitis. The experience of use in pregnant patients imaging methods - endoscopic ultrasound, magnetic resonance cholangiopancrearography and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, as well as treatments that include endoscopic sphincterotomy, stone extraction from the common bile duct and laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The recommendations are based on expert opinions and are not supported by randomized controlled trials. Nevertheless more active clinical management allows to diagnose and treat effectively pancreatitis, including biliary etiology, which contributes to a sharp decline in maternal and perinatal mortality.

Asunto(s)

Pancreatitis/diagnóstico , Pancreatitis/terapia , Complicaciones del Embarazo/diagnóstico , Complicaciones del Embarazo/terapia , Femenino , Humanos , Embarazo

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: The study presents a clinical observation of foreign body granuloma, which is rare productive inflammation, developed on treatment with a hemostatic material upon removal of cerebral cavernoma. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A 4-year-old boy operated on for left parietal lobe cavernoma was diagnosed with a mass lesion during a follow-up MRI examination 4 months after surgery. The patient was re-operated in connection with suspected abscess formation. The pathological tissue was subjected to the histological and immunohistochemical examination. RESULTS: Inflammation was accompanied by the formation of foreign body granulomas, and, in some areas, had immune nature with signs of focal destructive vasculitis, delayed maturation of the granulation tissue, and disturbance of the current organization and encapsulation processes. It is worth noting that granulomatous inflammation around a hemostatic material in the brain has no specific features during introscopy and mimics an abscess or tumor recurrence. CONCLUSION: The use of hemostatic materials upon resection of cerebral cavernous malformations may cause formation of granuloma mimicking disease relapse or abscess in the long term period. To prevent granulomatous inflammation, removal of a hemostatic material, if possible, from the surgical field is recommended when reliable hemostasis is achieved.

Asunto(s)

Granuloma de Cuerpo Extraño/etiología , Hemangioma Cavernoso del Sistema Nervioso Central/cirugía , Hemostáticos/efectos adversos , Preescolar , Granuloma de Cuerpo Extraño/patología , Humanos , Masculino , Procedimientos Neuroquirúrgicos/efectos adversos , Lóbulo Parietal/cirugía