RESUMEN

This study aimed to examine the side effects of selected neonicotinoids (Acetamiprid, Aceta, and Imidacloprid, Imid) on Oreochromis niloticus juveniles. The acute toxicity, Probit method, revealed an LC50 of 195.81 and 150.76 ppm for Aceta/96 h and Imid/72 h respectively. The fish were divided into three groups that were exposed, for 21 days (n = 5/replicate), to 1/10 of the LC50 of either neonicotinoids, however, the third was an unexposed control group. Results of erythrocytic micronucleus (MN), and nuclear abnormalities (NA) showed that Aceta and Imid exposure caused a significant (p < 0.05) increase in MN by ~ 2.2 and ~ 10 folds, respectively relative to control. NAs occurred at the order of kidney-shaped > budding > binucleated in Aceta, however, budding > binucleated > kidney-shaped was noticed in the Imid group. Histopathological changes in gills, liver, and muscles were observed significantly in both exposed groups with more severity in the Imid group. Collectively, Aceta and Imid have potential genotoxicity and histopathological alterations in O. niloticus.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

On juveniles of Oreochromis niloticus, the protective potential of ascorbic acid (Asc) against oxidative stress and genotoxicity induced by acetamiprid (Aceta) sub-lethal concentrations was investigated in this study. Fishes were divided into six groups and exposed to either Asc (50 ppm), 10 and 20 ppm Aceta, 10 ppm (Aceta)+Asc, 20 ppm (Aceta)+Asc, or the unexposed control group. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activities and their transcripts were assessed. DNA damage in erythrocytes, hepatocytes, and gill cells, in addition to the mitotic index (MI), and the existence of erythrocytic nuclear abnormalities (ENAs) were performed. The results showed that concentrations of Aceta (10 and 20 ppm) induced oxidative stress by altering the antioxidant enzyme activities and transcripts. There were genotoxic effects of Aceta exposure showed by the significant (P < 0.05) increase in DNA-damaged cells and ENA, meanwhile a decrease in MI. Co-exposure with Asc showed significant alleviations of oxidative status and genotoxicity. Thus, results suggest that Asc-combined exposure could be the effective treatment against Aceta-induced oxidative stress accompanied with genotoxicity in O. niloticus.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) is a group of mycobacteria that are important human pathogens. Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis cause serious chronic life-threatening disease and also significant economic losses in both production and remedication. Recently, emergence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) complex has generated global recognition of the need for rapid and sensitive diagnosis and development of new treatments. The current study illustrates the isolation/identification of MTBC strains in specimens obtained from cows and humans by conventional and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) techniques. Further, the study assesses sensitivity to antituberculosis drugs in isolated MDR strains. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 1464 samples from cattle (1285 raw milk and 179 lymph node), and 149 human sputum samples, were collected from farms and abattoirs in Delta Egypt. Conventional methods (culture and Ziehl-Neelsen staining) were implemented as were RT-PCR using MTBC universal DNA. The effect of some antituberculosis drugs on obtained isolates was assayed using drug susceptibility proportion and qualitative suspension techniques. RESULTS: The MBTC detection rate using the culture method was higher than for Ziehl-Neelsen staining; raw cow milk (2.56 vs. 1.63%), lymph nodes (51.59 vs. 48.04%), and human sputum (5.36 vs. 4.02%). A total of 135 isolates were obtained. Application of RT-PCR detected 138 isolates from the same set of samples. MBTC isolates were resistant to first-line antituberculosis drugs, such as pyrazinamide, isoniazid, rifampicin, and ethambutol by 78.5, 59.3, 40.7, and 31.8%, respectively, and could be highly resistant to kanamycin (82.3%) and amikacin (80.7%). However, isolates remained sensitive to ciprofloxacin (71.1%) and clarithromycin (73.3%) as second-line drugs. CONCLUSION: There is a growing risk for isolation of MDR-TB from raw milk and lymph nodes of field tuberculin positive cattle as well as sputum of veterinarians and workers existed in farms and abattoirs. PCR-based techniques have become the gold standard for the identification of mycobacterial species, showing high efficiency compared to bacteriological and microscopic examination. Application of the first- and second-line antituberculosis drugs in combination could counter the MDR-TB concern once infections are identified.

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: Zearalenone is a potent estrogenic metabolite produced by some Fusarium and Gibberella species. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the accumulation of Technetium-[99m]-labeled zearalenone in mice organs as well as to study the protective effect of Lactobacillus plantarum. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two different groups of mice were used; the first group of mice received Technetium-[99m]-zearalenone only, and the second group received both Technetium-[99m] zearalenone and L. plantarum (as a protective agent). Technetium-[99m]-labeled zearalenone was administered to mice by tail vein injection and L. plantarum was administered orally. Accumulation of labeled zearalenone in mice was monitored for 120 min. RESULTS: Labeled zearalenone was distributed primarily in the intestine (44.5%) and liver (20.12%) after 120 min in the first group of mice. In the second group of mice which received both Technetium-[99m] zearalenone and L. plantarum, labeled zearalenone was accumulated primarily in the intestine (46.8%) and liver (18.9%). These results indicated the decrease in labeled zearalenone in the liver due to the effect of lactic acid bacteria. CONCLUSION: Technetium-[99m]-labeled zearalenone can be used as a new tracer for organ imaging and that L. plantarum can decrease the bioavailability of zearalenone in mice organs.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Infestations with the poultry red mite Dermanyssus gallinae represent a major ectoparasite problem in poultry and affects egg and meat production worldwide. The effects of the neem seed product Mite-Stop against the red poultry mite were investigated. Five primitive poultry farms in two small villages in the Nile Delta and Giza district were selected for the study. The neem extract was diluted 1:40 and 1:50 with tap water just prior to use. Application of the two dilutions of the provided product was performed to soil, cracks and crevices of the examined area as well as to mite-infested birds on day 0 and day 7. Two hours after treatment soil dust was collected from sprayed regions of the stable and from unsprayed control regions of the same stable. The treated chickens were also checked for mites 2 h after each treatment. The examination of the chickens 2 h after spraying showed that they were free of mites. The examination of treated soil with the Tullgren funnel apparatus 2 h after the first spraying on day 0 already showed a considerable reduction of living mites compared to controls. Seven days after the first treatment of the soil the number of living mites was reduced for 80% in the treated soil and decreased even more after the second spraying, since those larvae that had hatched from eggs in the meantime were killed. The 1:40 dilution of the neem seed extract with tap water was superior to the 1:50 dilution. These results clearly show a very high killing rate of the extract, if the mites come in direct contact with the compound. However, in order to obtain extinction also of hidden and freshly hatched stages repeated spraying should be done three times within 8-10 days.

Asunto(s)