RESUMEN
This study aims to evaluate the phytochemical properties of Bauhinia holophylla (Bong.) Steud leaf extract, and their impact on maternal reproductive and fetal development in diabetic rats. For this, adult female Wistar rats (100 days of life) received streptozotocin (40 mg/Kg, intraperitoneal) for induction of diabetes, were mated and distributed into four groups: Nondiabetic; Nondiabetic given B. holophylla; Diabetic; and Diabetic given B. holophylla. The plant extract was given by gavage at increasing doses: 200, 400, and 800 mg/Kg. At day 21 of pregnancy, liver and blood samples were obtained for oxidative parameters and biochemical analysis, respectively. The uterus was removed for maternal-fetal outcomes. Phytochemical analysis showed a high content of phenolic components and biogenic amines. B. holophylla extract did not alter the glycemic levels but improved the lipid profile in diabetic animals. Besides that, the number of live fetuses and maternal weight gain were decreased in Diabetic group, and were not observed in animals treated. The group Diabetic treated presented a higher percentage of fetuses classified as adequate for gestational age compared to the Diabetic group. However, the treatment with plant extract caused embryo losses, fetal growth restriction, and teratogenicity in nondiabetic rats. Thus, the indiscriminate consumption requires carefulness.
Asunto(s)
Bauhinia , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental , Hipoglucemiantes , Extractos Vegetales , Ratas Wistar , Animales , Femenino , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/química , Bauhinia/química , Embarazo , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/tratamiento farmacológico , Hipoglucemiantes/farmacología , Ratas , Fitoquímicos/farmacología , Fitoquímicos/análisis , Desarrollo Fetal/efectos de los fármacos , Estreptozocina , Glucemia/efectos de los fármacos , Glucemia/análisis , Hojas de la Planta/químicaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Exercise is commonly recommended to control hyperglycemia, including during pregnancy. We conducted this study to understand the potential benefits and risks of exercise during pregnancy of women with diabetes. Specifically, we evaluated the effects of swimming on a diabetic rat during pregnancy and assayed maternal-fetal parameters. METHODS: Diabetes was induced in the female newborn from Wistar rats by the streptozotocin administration on first postnatal day. At 110 days of life, after confirm mild symptoms of diabetes, the rats were mated and randomly distributed into four experimental groups (minimum of 13 animals/group): Control (C)-nondiabetic animals without swimming; Control and Exercise (CEx)-nondiabetic animals submitted to swimming; Mild Diabetic (MD)-diabetic animals without swimming; Mild Diabetic and Exercise (MDEx)-diabetic animals submitted to swimming. The swimming program was performed from day 7 to 21 of pregnancy. Maternal parameters were evaluated during the pregnancy period. On day 21 of pregnancy, the rats were sacrificed and maternal and fetal parameters analyzed. RESULTS: There are no alterations in body weight, food consumption, water intake, and reproductive outcomes among the groups. The swimming program did not normalize maternal glycemia and other biochemical biomarkers. The diabetes and exercise combination increased organ weight. The fetuses born to these exercising diabetic rats had reduced fetal weight and increased skeletal anomalies (mainly incomplete ossification of sternebra). CONCLUSION: The intense swimming exercise imposed on female rats during pregnancy impaired maternal metabolic repercussions, contributing to intrauterine growth restriction and fetal skeletal anomalies.
Asunto(s)
Diabetes Mellitus Experimental , Hiperglucemia , Animales , Glucemia , Femenino , Embarazo , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , ReproducciónRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Hancornia speciosa is usually used in Brazilian folk medicine to treat diabetes. The hypothesis of the present study is that this medicinal plant exerts beneficial effects on hyperglycemia, preventing diabetic complications. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the treatment effect of the aqueous extract of H. speciosa leaves on metabolic parameters of diabetic rats. METHODS: The H. speciosa extract (400 mg/Kg) was administered to both nondiabetic and severely diabetic female Wistar rats by gavage. The Oral Glucose Tolerance Test was performed and the area under the curve (AUC) was estimated on day 17 of pregnancy. After 21 days of treatment, the animals were anesthetized and killed to obtain organ weights. Blood samples were collected for an analysis of serum biochemical parameters. RESULTS: After treatment with the H. speciosa extract, the parameters of nondiabetic rats remained unchanged. In treated diabetic rats, glycemia, AUC, dyslipidemia parameters, and relative organ weights were decreased compared with nontreated diabetic rats. Severely diabetic rats showed decompensated hyperglycemia, polydipsia, hyperphagia and dyslipidemia. However, the aqueous extract of H. speciosa leaves decreased diabetes complications (indicating a lack of toxicity), reduced blood glucose levels, and exerced lipid-lowering effects. CONCLUSION: Based on or findings, the H. speciosa leaf extract may be a safe and promising candidate treatment for diabetes and other diseases.
Asunto(s)
Apocynaceae/química , Glucemia/efectos de los fármacos , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/tratamiento farmacológico , Hipoglucemiantes/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Animales , Biomarcadores/sangre , Brasil , Femenino , Prueba de Tolerancia a la Glucosa , Lípidos/sangre , Hojas de la Planta/química , Embarazo , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , EstreptozocinaRESUMEN
AIMS: Hyperglycemia increases glycosylation with O-linked N-acetyl-glucosamine (O-GlcNAc) contributing to placental dysfunction and fetal growth impairment. Our aim was to determine how O-GlcNAc levels are affected by hyperglycemia and the O-GlcNAc distribution in different placental regions. MAIN METHODS: Female Wistar rats were divided into the following groups: severe hyperglycemia (>300â¯mg/dL; nâ¯=â¯5); mild hyperglycemia (>140â¯mg/dL, at least than two time points during oral glucose tolerance test; nâ¯=â¯7) or normoglycemia (<120â¯mg/dL; nâ¯=â¯6). At 21â¯days of pregnancy, placental tissue was collected and processed for morphometry and immunohistochemistry analyses, or properly stored at -80⯰C for protein quantification by western blot. KEY FINDINGS: Placental index was increased only in severe hyperglycemic rats. Morphometric analysis showed increased junctional zone and decreased labyrinth region in placentas exclusively from the severe hyperglycemic group. Proteins targeted by O-GlcNAc were detected in all regions, with increased O-GlcNAc levels in the hyperglycemic group compared to control and mild hyperglycemic rats. Proteins in endothelial and trophoblast cells were the main target for O-GlcNAc. Whereas no changes in O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) expression were detected, O-GlcNAcase (OGA) expression was reduced in placentas from the severe hyperglycemic group and augmented in placentas from the mild hyperglycemic group, compared with their respective control groups. SIGNIFICANCE: Placental O-GlcNAc overexpression may contribute to placental dysfunction, as indicated by the placental index. Additionally, morphometric alterations, occurring simultaneously with increased O-GlcNAc accumulation in the placental tissue may contribute to placental dysfunction during hyperglycemia.
Asunto(s)
Acetilglucosamina/metabolismo , Glucemia/metabolismo , Proteínas Gestacionales/metabolismo , Animales , Células Endoteliales/metabolismo , Femenino , Prueba de Tolerancia a la Glucosa , Hiperglucemia/metabolismo , N-Acetilglucosaminiltransferasas/metabolismo , Embarazo , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Trofoblastos/metabolismoRESUMEN
While the immunogenic potential of the vaccination against infectious diseases was extensively shown, data on the safety assessment of recombinant proteins in vaccine formulations administered during pregnancy are still scarce. In the current study, the antigenicity of a vaccine against leishmaniasis (based on Leishmania braziliensis recombinant protein peroxidoxin) during pregnancy and possible maternal reproductive outcomes and fetal anomalies after immunization with a leishmanial vaccine or adjuvant alone (Bordetella pertussis derived MPLA adjuvant) were assessed. Rats were mated and allocated in three groups: Control-rats received saline; Adjuvant-rats received the adjuvant MPLA, and Vaccine-rats received the combination of MPLA and peroxidoxin. The administration was subcutaneously at the dorsal region, three times (days 0, 7, 14 of pregnancy). On day 21 of pregnancy, all rats were bled for biochemical and immunological measurements. The gravid uterus was weighed with its contents, and the fetuses were analyzed. The immunization with peroxidoxin induced a significant production of circulating IgG levels compared to other groups but caused a significant in post-implantation loss (14.7%) when compared to Control (5.0%) and Adjuvant (4.4%) groups. Furthermore, a significantly high rate of fetal visceral anomalies, such as hydronephrosis and convoluted ureter, was also observed in animals that received vaccine when compared to Control or Adjuvant groups. These data indicate the importance of safety evaluation of vaccines during pregnancy and the limited use of peroxidoxin administration during pregnancy. More importantly, the safety monitoring of immunization with MPLA derived from Bordetella pertussis demonstrated no reproductive outcomes associated with adjuvant administration, suggesting its safe use during pregnancy.
Asunto(s)
Pérdida del Embrión/inducido químicamente , Feto/anomalías , Leishmania braziliensis , Vacunas contra la Leishmaniasis/efectos adversos , Exposición Materna/efectos adversos , Modelos Biológicos , Peroxirredoxinas/efectos adversos , Proteínas Protozoarias/efectos adversos , Animales , Anticuerpos Antiprotozoarios/inmunología , Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos , Femenino , Feto/inmunología , Inmunoglobulina G/inmunología , Vacunas contra la Leishmaniasis/inmunología , Vacunas contra la Leishmaniasis/farmacología , Peroxirredoxinas/inmunología , Peroxirredoxinas/farmacología , Embarazo , Proteínas Protozoarias/inmunología , Proteínas Protozoarias/farmacología , RatasRESUMEN
ABSTRACT Bauhinia holophylla, commonly known as "cow's hoof", is widely used in Brazilian folk medicine for the diabetes treatment. Therefore, the aim of this study was at evaluating the aqueous extract effect of Bauhinia holophylla leaves treatment on the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by Streptozotocin (40 mg/Kg) in female Wistar rats. Oral administration of aqueous extract of Bauhinia holophylla leaves was given to non-diabetic and diabetic rats at a dose of 400 mg/kg during 21 days. On day 17 of treatment, the Oral Glucose Tolerance Test was performed to determine the area under the curve. At the end of the treatment, the animals were anesthetized and blood was collected for serum biochemical parameters analysis. After treatment with Bauhinia holophylla extract, non-diabetic and diabetic rats presented no glycemic changes. On the other hand, the plant treatment decreased body weight and increased ALT and AST activities. In conclusion, the treatment with aqueous extract of B. holophylla leaves given to diabetic rats presented no hypoglycemic effect in nondiabetic animals and no antidiabetic effect in diabetic animals with the doses studied. In addition, the diabetic animals treated with the B. holophylla extract showed inconvenient effects and its indiscriminate consumption requires particular carefulness.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Femenino , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Bauhinia/química , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/tratamiento farmacológico , Hipoglucemiantes/uso terapéutico , Factores de Tiempo , Glucemia/análisis , Glucemia/efectos de los fármacos , Peso Corporal , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Resultado del Tratamiento , Ratas Wistar , Estreptozocina , Hojas de la Planta/química , Ingestión de Líquidos , Ingestión de Alimentos , Prueba de Tolerancia a la Glucosa , Hipoglucemiantes/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Bauhinia holophylla, commonly known as "cow's hoof", is widely used in Brazilian folk medicine for the diabetes treatment. Therefore, the aim of this study was at evaluating the aqueous extract effect of Bauhinia holophylla leaves treatment on the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by Streptozotocin (40 mg/Kg) in female Wistar rats. Oral administration of aqueous extract of Bauhinia holophylla leaves was given to non-diabetic and diabetic rats at a dose of 400 mg/kg during 21 days. On day 17 of treatment, the Oral Glucose Tolerance Test was performed to determine the area under the curve. At the end of the treatment, the animals were anesthetized and blood was collected for serum biochemical parameters analysis. After treatment with Bauhinia holophylla extract, non-diabetic and diabetic rats presented no glycemic changes. On the other hand, the plant treatment decreased body weight and increased ALT and AST activities. In conclusion, the treatment with aqueous extract of B. holophylla leaves given to diabetic rats presented no hypoglycemic effect in nondiabetic animals and no antidiabetic effect in diabetic animals with the doses studied. In addition, the diabetic animals treated with the B. holophylla extract showed inconvenient effects and its indiscriminate consumption requires particular carefulness.