RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The Orebro Musculoskeletal Pain Screening Questionnaire (OMPSQ) is a valid screening tool to identify those musculoskeletal patients at risk of developing chronicity and disability. A Hong Kong Chinese version of the OMPSQ (COMPSQ-HK) was developed with satisfactory construct validity and predictive validity. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to develop a 10-item short form of the COMPSQ-HK (COMPSQ-HK10) and examine its measurement properties. METHODS: The 10 items were identified from the suggestion by the original author of OMPSQ. The data of the 10 items were extracted from the main study to develop the COMPSQ-HK conducted from 2010 to 2013. The internal consistency using Cronbach's alpha, test-retest reliability examining intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC 1 , 1 ), minimum detectable change and 95% limits of agreement, construct validity by correlating COMPSQ-HK10 with pain, disability score, kinesiophobia score and Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 12, and predictive validity investigating receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses with sick leave > 60 days and return-to-work status at one year were calculated. RESULTS: A total of 305 back patients and 160 neck patients were recruited with about 30% of patients lost to follow-up at one year. Both the internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha as 0.732 to 0.757) and test-retest reliabilities (ICC 1 , 1 as 0.868 for both back and neck patients) were satisfactory. The correlations between COMPSQ-HK10 and COMPSQ-HK for back and neck patients were excellent (Pearson r as 0.919 and 0.896, respectively, p < 0 . 001 ). The areas under the ROC curves for back and neck patients were similar for COMPSQ-HK10 and COMPSQ-HK, ranging from 0.603 to 0.712. A cut-off score of 54 of COMPSQ-HK10 was recommended in predicting "sick leave of more than 60 days at one year" and "return to work for at least four consecutive weeks at one year". CONCLUSION: The COMPSQ-HK10 has comparable measurement properties with the COMPSQ-HK. It is recommended to use the COMPSQ-HK10 for routine screening to identify patients of back and neck pain at risk of developing chronic pain and disability.
RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To examine whether the addition of either electroacupuncture or interferential electrotherapy to shoulder exercises would be more effective in the management of frozen shoulder. DESIGN: A double-blinded, randomized, controlled trial. METHODS: A total of 70 subjects were randomly allocated to receive either: (i) electroacupuncture plus exercise; (ii) interferential electrotherapy plus exercise; or (iii) no treatment (the control group). Subjects in groups (i) and (ii) received 10 sessions of the respective treatment, while the control group received no treatment for 4 weeks. Each subject's score on the Constant Murley Assessment and visual analogue scale were recorded at baseline, post-treatment session and subsequent follow-up sessions. RESULTS: In both the electroacupuncture and interferential electrotherapy groups, the Constant Murley Assessment score increased and the visual analogue scale score decreased significantly (both p < 0.001). No significant change was found in any outcome of the control group, and no significant difference was found between the 2 intervention groups (all p > 0.05). The observed improvement was well maintained in both intervention groups at least until the 6-month follow-up session. CONCLUSION: Either electroacupuncture or interferential electrotherapy in combination with shoulder exercises is effective in treating frozen shoulder patients. However, no significant difference was found between these types of treatment.