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1.
PLoS One ; 17(8): e0272345, 2022.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36001538

RESUMEN

Following the 2010 Deepwater Horizon disaster and subsequent unusual mortality event, adverse health impacts have been reported in bottlenose dolphins in Barataria Bay, LA including impaired stress response and reproductive, pulmonary, cardiac, and immune function. These conditions were primarily diagnosed through hands-on veterinary examinations and analysis of standard diagnostic panels. In human and veterinary medicine, gene expression profiling has been used to identify molecular mechanisms underlying toxic responses and disease states. Identification of molecular markers of exposure or disease may enable earlier detection of health effects or allow for health evaluation when the use of specialized methodologies is not feasible. To date this powerful tool has not been applied to augment the veterinary data collected concurrently during dolphin health assessments. This study examined transcriptomic profiles of blood from 76 dolphins sampled in health assessments during 2013-2018 in the waters near Barataria Bay, LA and Sarasota Bay, FL. Gene expression was analyzed in conjunction with the substantial suite of health data collected using principal component analysis, differential expression testing, over-representation analysis, and weighted gene co-expression network analysis. Broadly, transcript profiles of Barataria Bay dolphins indicated a shift in immune response, cytoskeletal alterations, and mitochondrial dysfunction, most pronounced in dolphins likely exposed to Deepwater Horizon oiling. While gene expression profiles in Barataria Bay dolphins were altered compared to Sarasota Bay for all years, profiles from 2013 exhibited the greatest alteration in gene expression. Differentially expressed transcripts included genes involved in immunity, inflammation, reproductive failure, and lung or cardiac dysfunction, all of which have been documented in dolphins from Barataria Bay following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. The genes and pathways identified in this study may, with additional research and validation, prove useful as molecular markers of exposure or disease to assist wildlife veterinarians in evaluating the health of dolphins and other cetaceans.


Asunto(s)
Delfín Mular , Delfín Común , Contaminación por Petróleo , Animales , Delfín Mular/genética , Delfín Mular/metabolismo , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica/veterinaria , Golfo de México , Humanos , Contaminación por Petróleo/efectos adversos
2.
PLoS One ; 16(12): e0261112, 2021.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34905585

RESUMEN

The Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill profoundly impacted the health of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in Barataria Bay, LA (BB). To comprehensively assess the cardiac health of dolphins living within the DWH oil spill footprint, techniques for in-water cardiac evaluation were refined with dolphins cared for by the U.S. Navy Marine Mammal Program in 2018 and applied to free-ranging bottlenose dolphins in BB (n = 34) and Sarasota Bay, Florida (SB) (n = 19), a non-oiled reference population. Cardiac auscultation detected systolic murmurs in the majority of dolphins from both sites (88% BB, 89% SB) and echocardiography showed most of the murmurs were innocent flow murmurs attributed to elevated blood flow velocity [1]. Telemetric six-lead electrocardiography detected arrhythmias in BB dolphins (43%) and SB dolphins (31%), all of which were considered low to moderate risk for adverse cardiac events. Echocardiography showed BB dolphins had thinner left ventricular walls, with significant differences in intraventricular septum thickness at the end of diastole (p = 0.002), and left ventricular posterior wall thickness at the end of diastole (p = 0.033). BB dolphins also had smaller left atrial size (p = 0.004), higher prevalence of tricuspid valve prolapse (p = 0.003), higher prevalence of tricuspid valve thickening (p = 0.033), and higher prevalence of aortic valve thickening (p = 0.008). Two dolphins in BB were diagnosed with pulmonary arterial hypertension based on Doppler echocardiography-derived estimates and supporting echocardiographic findings. Histopathology of dolphins who stranded within the DWH oil spill footprint showed a significantly higher prevalence of myocardial fibrosis (p = 0.003), regardless of age, compared to dolphins outside the oil spill footprint. In conclusion, there were substantial cardiac abnormalities identified in BB dolphins which may be related to DWH oil exposure, however, future work is needed to rule out other hypotheses and further elucidate the connection between oil exposure, pulmonary disease, and the observed cardiac abnormalities.


Asunto(s)
Delfín Mular , Lesiones Cardíacas/veterinaria , Contaminación por Petróleo/efectos adversos , Animales , Delfín Mular/anomalías , Delfín Mular/fisiología , Ecocardiografía/veterinaria , Electrocardiografía/veterinaria , Fibrosis/diagnóstico por imagen , Fibrosis/veterinaria , Corazón/diagnóstico por imagen , Corazón/fisiología , Lesiones Cardíacas/diagnóstico por imagen , Hipertensión/veterinaria
3.
Vet Rec ; 187(7): e51, 2020 Oct 03.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32661184

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: The vaquita of Mexico is critically endangered, with a population less than 19 individuals in 2018. The population continues to decline and gillnet use continues in vaquita habitat. METHODS: Nine vaquita carcases were examined from 2016 to 2018 to establish cause of death. Concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), DDTs and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in blubber (n=3) were determined using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and faeces tested for domoic acid and saxitoxin. RESULTS: Carcases were in good nutritional status and had lesions and full stomachs consistent with fisheries bycatch. PCB, DDT and PBDE concentrations ranged between 94 and 180 ng/g, 500 and 1200 ng/g and 97 and 210 ng/g lipid weight, respectively, which are low compared with other marine mammals. No saxitoxin or domoic acid was detected. CONCLUSION: These findings support the conclusion that bycatch is the primary source of vaquita population decline and emphasise the need for stronger measures to eliminate gillnets from the Upper Gulf of California, Mexico.


Asunto(s)
Conservación de los Recursos Naturales , Phocoena , Animales , California , Explotaciones Pesqueras , México , Contaminantes del Agua/análisis
4.
J Pediatr ; 212: 73-78, 2019 09.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31182220

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVES: We previously reported common knowledge deficits and lack of transition readiness in 13- 25-year-olds with congenital or acquired heart disease. The aims of this study were to re-evaluate transition readiness in this cohort at follow-up and to examine the relationship between changes in transition readiness and quality of life (QOL). STUDY DESIGN: In this prospective cohort study, patients completed the Transition Readiness Assessment and the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory using an e-tablet, web-based format at a routine follow-up visit. Changes from initial to follow-up scores were evaluated. RESULTS: Sixty-five percent of patients (106 of 164) completed follow-up assessments at a median age of 18.7 years (IQR, 16.5-21.2 years) at a median follow-up of 1 year. The average perceived knowledge deficit score (percent of items with no knowledge) at follow-up was 18.0 ± 15.2%, which decreased from 24.7 ± 16.5% (P < .0001). On a 100-point scale, the mean score for self-efficacy increased from 71.4 ± 17.0 to 76.7 ± 18.2 (P = .0004) and for self-management increased from 47.9 ± 18.4 to 52.0 ± 20.7 (P = .004). Although physical QOL did not change, the mean psychosocial QOL score increased significantly (P = .02). A decrease in the knowledge deficit score at follow-up was significantly associated with an increased psychosocial QOL score (P = .03). An increase in the self-efficacy score was associated with an increase in psychosocial QOL score (P = .04), especially social QOL (P = .02). CONCLUSIONS: Although deficits in knowledge and self-management skills persist, transition readiness assessment and recognition of deficits can improve transition readiness with improved psychosocial QOL.


Asunto(s)
Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Cardiopatías Congénitas/psicología , Calidad de Vida , Transición a la Atención de Adultos , Adolescente , Adulto , Femenino , Cardiopatías Congénitas/terapia , Humanos , Masculino , Estudios Prospectivos , Autoeficacia , Automanejo/psicología , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Adulto Joven
5.
J Pediatr ; 174: 193-198.e2, 2016 07.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27112038

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To assess the association of postoperative tight glycemic control and hypoglycemia in children undergoing cardiac surgery with neurodevelopmental outcomes at 1 year of age. STUDY DESIGN: A 2-center, prospective, randomized trial of postoperative tight glycemic control vs standard care was conducted in 980 children undergoing cardiac surgery. Neurodevelopmental outcomes were assessed at nine to 18 months using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition (Bayley-III), the Adaptive Behavior Assessment System, Second Edition, the Ages and Stages Questionnaire, Third Edition, and the Brief Infant Toddler Social-Emotional Assessment. RESULTS: Neurodevelopmental follow-up was performed on 237 patients with a mean age of 13 months. No significant treatment group differences were found in the Bayley-III and Adaptive Behavior Assessment System, Second Edition composite scores or percentage at risk based on the Ages and Stages Questionnaire, Third Edition and the Brief Infant Toddler Social-Emotional Assessment. Patients who experienced moderate to severe hypoglycemia (n = 8) had lower Bayley-III composite scores compared with patients with no to mild hypoglycemia, even after controlling for factors known to be associated with poorer neurodevelopmental outcomes. CONCLUSION: For infants undergoing cardiac surgery, tight glycemic control did not impact neurodevelopmental outcomes compared with standard care. These data suggest a possible association between moderate to severe hypoglycemia and poorer neurodevelopmental outcomes at 1 year of age. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00443599.


Asunto(s)
Puente Cardiopulmonar/efectos adversos , Cardiopatías Congénitas/cirugía , Hiperglucemia/prevención & control , Hipoglucemia/prevención & control , Trastornos del Neurodesarrollo/epidemiología , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/prevención & control , Algoritmos , Glucemia , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Cuidados Posoperatorios , Estudios Prospectivos , Resultado del Tratamiento
6.
J Pediatr ; 167(6): 1233-8, 2015 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26298627

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate transition readiness, including perceived knowledge deficits, self-efficacy, and self-management behaviors, in 13- to 25-year-olds with congenital heart disease or heart transplant and to examine the relationships between transition readiness assessment, information seeking behavior, and quality of life (QOL). STUDY DESIGN: In this cross-sectional study, patients (n = 164) completed the Transition Readiness Assessment and the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory using an e-tablet, web-based format at a routine clinic visit. RESULTS: Median patient age was 18.1 years (range 13.0-25.5). Average perceived knowledge deficit score (% of items with no knowledge) was 25.7% (range 0%-75%). On a 100-point scale, the mean score was 72.0 ± 17.2 for self-efficacy and 49.7 ± 17.5 for self-management. Knowledge deficits were negatively correlated with self-efficacy (r = -0.45, P < .0001) and self-management (r = -0.36, P < .0001). Overall, 66% of patients requested information (73% ≥ 18 years old). Higher psychosocial QOL scores were correlated with lower knowledge deficit scores (r = -0.21, P = .01) and higher perceived self-efficacy scores (r = 0.41, P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS: Transition knowledge deficits are common and associated with decreased self-efficacy and self-management skills in adolescents and young adults with heart disease. Greater transition knowledge and perceived self-efficacy are associated with better psychosocial QOL. Routine assessment of transition readiness is recommended to facilitate recognition of deficits and interventions to promote successful transition outcomes.


Asunto(s)
Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Cardiopatías/terapia , Autocuidado , Autoeficacia , Transición a la Atención de Adultos , Adolescente , Adulto , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Trasplante de Corazón , Humanos , Masculino , Calidad de Vida , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Adulto Joven
7.
Cleve Clin J Med ; 81(9): 576, 2014 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25183850
10.
Acta neurol. colomb ; 26(3,supl.1): 81-86, jul.-sept. 2010. ilus
Artículo en Español | LILACS | ID: lil-573485

RESUMEN

La hidrocefalia de presión normal (HPN) afecta a una gran proporción de la población anciana. En Colombia, secalcula que 10.000 personas podrían estar afectadas. Los síntomas de alteración en la marcha y caídas, urgencia eincontinencia urinaria y alteración cognoscitiva y demencia enfatizan la sospecha de HPN pero no son suficientespara el diagnóstico ya que muchas enfermedades en los ancianos tienen estos mismos síntomas. Además de lademostración del ensanchamiento de los ventrículos por TAC de cráneo o RM, es necesario realizar pruebas específicaspara la HPN. Los centros de remisión casi siempre usan métodos especializados tales como la medición deflujo de LCR o el drenaje lumbar externo de LCR para realizar el diagnóstico; sin embargo en otras institucioneslos médicos pueden identificar los pacientes con HPN y recomendarles el tratamiento evaluando la respuestaclínica a través de la punción lumbar evacuatoria. El tratamiento de la HPN con derivación ofrece como resultadouna mejoría notoria de los síntomas, incluyendo la demencia. Por lo tanto, la HPN es un desorden que debe serconsiderado para muchos pacientes ancianos de acuerdo a su historia, sintomatología, hallazgos neurologicos yhallazgos imagenológicos en la TAC o en la RM.


Asunto(s)
Humanos , Demencia , Hidrocefalia , Incontinencia Urinaria , Neurología
11.
In. II International Congress on Neuroregeneration. Proceedings (selected papers). Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, 2004. p.113-126, ilus, graf.
Monografía en Inglés | LILACS | ID: lil-682600

RESUMEN

This review discusses present understanding of the role of apoptosis and signaling cascades in neuronal pathogenesis and survival. It focuses on a herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) gene, known as ICP10PK, that prevents cell death/apoptosis in a wide spectrum of neurodegenerative conditions. Therapeutic implications for the development of HSV vectors that deliver ICP10PK and their use in the treatment/prevention of neurodegenerative disease are discussed.


Asunto(s)
Apoptosis , Neurología , Fármacos Neuroprotectores
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