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Twenty-five new species of shallow-water sponges are described from the Galpagos Islands, a province of Ecuador in the eastern Pacific Ocean. Sponges were photographed in situ and collected by SCUBA divers between 2001 and 2004. New species include: Acanthancora equiformis sp. nov., Acanthella saladinorum sp. nov., Cacospongia hermanorum sp. nov., Cinachyrella solis sp. nov., Ciocalypta bustamanti sp. nov., Clathria (Microciona) stellata sp. nov., Clathrina andreusi sp. nov., Craniella lissi sp. nov., Dragmacidon raeae sp. nov., Dragmacidon hendersoni sp. nov., Haliclona (Haliclona) clairae sp. nov., Haliclona (Haliclona) dianae sp. nov., Haliclona (Reniera) oberi sp. nov., Haliclona (Soestella) spuma sp. nov., Haliclona (Soestella) roslynae sp. nov., Hemimycale harlequinus sp. nov., Hemimycale nathani sp. nov., Higginsia johannae sp. nov., Neopetrosia eructans sp. nov., Leucilla agitata sp. nov., Penares angeli sp. nov., Prosuberites vansoesti sp. nov., Suberea esmerelda sp. nov., Tethya annona sp. nov. and Tethya sorbetus sp. nov. In addition, three species have been recorded for the first time from the Galpagos Islands: Chalinula cf. molitba (De Laubenfels, 1949), Chelonaplysilla violacea (Von Lendenfeld, 1883) and Tedania (Tedania) tropicalis Aguilar-Camacho, Carballo Cruz-Barraza, 2018. This paper represents a significant contribution to our knowledge of the Porifera of the Galpagos Islands.

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OBJECTIVE: People with serious mental illnesses are as likely to be parents as people in the general population but are much more likely to have contact with child protective services (CPS) and experience an out-of-home placement of their children. This study sought to identify risk factors for CPS involvement among parents with serious mental illnesses. METHODS: Parents with a serious mental illness were identified through a national, representative survey. Data from a follow-up interview were used to compare characteristics of parents who had a CPS contact (N=36) with those who did not (N=38). The interview assessed demographic and health characteristics, social support, traumatic life events, and other general risk factors for CPS involvement. RESULTS: Compared with parents without CPS contact, parents with a CPS contact were more likely to be nonwhite and to be less educated. They were also more likely to have less attachment-related social support, more parenting-related needs in numerous areas, and more substance use-related issues and to have experienced adverse childhood and traumatic events. One-quarter of the parents with CPS contact reported not having a mental disorder diagnosis at the time of the first contact, and those in the CPS group were less likely to have taken medications at the time of the first contact than were parents who did not have a CPS contact. CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest a need for policies, programs, and practices that attend to common risk factors associated with CPS involvement that are present in the general population rather than concentrating efforts on addressing behavioral health factors specific to parents with serious mental illness.

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The genus Penares Gray 1867 (Tetractinellida Marshall; Astrophorina Sollas; Geodiidae Gray) is reviewed from new and existing New Zealand collections, with 75 specimens examined and registered. The only species known from New Zealand prior to this study, P. tylotaster Dendy 1924, is re-examined and re-described from the holotype, using new scanning electron microscope images. Nine new species are described from New Zealand's Exclusive Economic Zone: P. mollis sp. nov., P. aureus sp. nov., P. vermiculatus sp. nov., P. kermadecensis sp. nov., P. turmericolor, sp. nov., P. deformis sp. nov., P. okokewae sp. nov., P. orbis sp. nov., and P. astronavis sp. nov. A specimen of P. schulzei (Dendy 1905), first described from Sri Lanka and subsequently recorded from New Caledonia, was also found in New Zealand, extending the range of this species. This study brings the total New Zealand Penares fauna to 11 species, making a significant contribution to the now, global total of 39 species. All previously described Penares species are reviewed based on their published descriptions, and species names have been corrected to their masculine form. Based on the published description of P. obtusus Lendenfeld 1907, it is recommended that this species be reassigned to the genus Stelletta Schmidt 1862.

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OBJECTIVE: Small business is a favorably regarded institution in America. Given employment disparities among individuals with psychiatric disabilities compared to other workers, self-employment has potential to promote career development and community integration. However, little is known about what has helped or hindered current small business owners with psychiatric disabilities. This exploratory study identified characteristics of individuals' work and disability histories, as well as business characteristics, that can inform policy and practice development in support of disability-owned small businesses. METHOD: A nonprobability sample of 60 U.S. adults with a history of psychiatric disability who were self-employed in 2017 completed a web-based survey that asked about demographics, experiences of disability, motivations for self-employment, and business characteristics. RESULTS: Most survey respondents were operating new, very small, unincorporated home-based service businesses on a part-time basis. Respondents were educated, typically with extensive work histories, but had experienced discrimination and unpleasant attitudes from coworkers and supervisors. Responses highlighted the importance of freedom and work-life balance. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Self-employment is not necessarily a fit for everyone, but for individuals with psychiatric disabilities, it may be a pathway back to work. The size of the respondent businesses and the part-time nature of the work suggests that individuals with psychiatric disabilities are operating very small businesses that may serve as a wage employment alternative if they are able to grow in the future, or be sustained as a part-time adjunct to public benefits or other paid or unpaid work. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

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Self-employment is an alternative to wage employment and an opportunity to increase labor force participation by people with psychiatric disabilities. Self-employment refers to individuals who work for themselves, either as an unincorporated sole proprietor or through ownership of a business. Advantages of self-employment for people with psychiatric disabilities, who may have disrupted educational and employment histories, include opportunities for self-care, additional earning, and career choice. Self-employment fits within a recovery paradigm because of the value placed on individual preferences, and the role of resilience and perseverance in business ownership. Self-employment creates many new US jobs, but remains only a small percentage of employment closures for people with psychiatric disabilities, despite vocational rehabilitation and Social Security disability policies that encourage it. This commentary elucidates the positive aspects of self-employment in the context of employment challenges experienced by individuals with psychiatric disabilities and provides recommendations based on larger trends in entrepreneurship.

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Extensive new collections of latrunculid sponges from British Columbia, the Aleutian Islands, and the Gulf of Alaska, have extended the distributions of known species Latrunculia oparinae Samaai & Krasokhin, 2002, from the Russian Sea of Okhotsk, L. velera Lehnert et al., 2006, from the Aleutian Islands, and L. austini Samaai et al., 2006, from British Columbia. New material has facilitated detailed re-descriptions of these species and in situ images have improved our understanding of their living morphology and ecology. Several new species of Latrunculia were discovered within these collections: sympatric species Latrunculia hamanni sp. nov. and L. oparinae are described here and differentiated from each other by various field characteristics, and L. lincfreesei sp. nov. is described from the Gulf of Alaska. In terms of their higher systematics, L. austini and L. hamanni sp. nov. are recognisable within the subgenus Latrunculia du Bocage, 1869, and L. lincfreesei sp. nov. in subgenus Biannulata Samaai et al., 2006. A third subgenus, Uniannulata subgen. nov., is proposed for L. oparinae, L. velera and several fossil species in southern New Zealand and Western Australian Eocene fossiliferous sediments. In all of these species the subsidiary whorl, apical whorl, and apex of the anisodiscorhabd are fused. Living species of Uniannulata subgen. nov. are thus far restricted to the North Pacific Ocean. A new genus, Bomba gen. nov., is proposed for a rare latrunculid species, Bomba endeavourensis gen. et sp. nov., discovered in deep waters on British Columbia's Endeavour Ridge. Finally, Latrunclava gen. nov. is proposed for species with long, sceptre-like anisoconicorhabds in addition to the typical, smaller anisodiscorhabds; Latrunclava imago gen. et sp. nov. is described from the central Aleutian Islands.

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Absolute quantum yields for the radical (H + HCO) channel of HCHO photolysis, Phi(HCO), have been measured for the tropospherically relevant range of wavelengths (lambda) between 300 and 330 nm. The HCO photoproduct was directly detected by using a custom-built, combined ultra-violet (UV) absorption and cavity ring down (CRD) detection spectrometer. This instrument was previously employed for high-resolution (spectral resolution approximately 0.0035 nm) measurements of absorption cross-sections of HCHO, sigma(HCHO)(lambda), and relative HCO quantum yields. Absolute Phi(HCO) values were measured at seven wavelengths, lambda = 303.70, 305.13, 308.87, 314.31, 320.67, 325.59, and 329.51 nm, using an independent calibration technique based on the simultaneous UV photolysis of HCHO and Cl(2). These Phi(HCO) measurements display greater variability as a function of wavelength than the current NASA-JPL recommendations for Phi(HCO). The absolute Phi(HCO)(lambda) determinations and previously measured sigma(HCHO)(lambda) were used to scale an extensive set of relative HCO yield measurements. The outcome of this procedure is a full suite of data for the product of the absolute radical quantum yield and HCHO absorption cross-section, Phi(HCO)(lambda)sigma(HCHO)(lambda), at wavelengths from 302.6 to 331.0 nm with a wavelength resolution of 0.005 nm. This product of photochemical parameters is combined with high-resolution solar photon flux data to calculate the integrated photolysis rate of HCHO to the radical (H + HCO) channel, J(HCO). Comparison with the latest NASA-JPL recommendations, reported at 1 nm wavelength resolution, suggests an increased J(HCO) of 25% at 0 degrees solar zenith angle (SZA) increasing to 33% at high SZA (80 degrees). The differences in the calculated photolysis rate compared with the current HCHO data arise, in part, from the higher wavelength resolution of the current data set and highlight the importance of using high-resolution spectroscopic techniques to achieve a complete and accurate picture of HCHO photodissociation processes. All experimental Phi(HCO)(lambda)sigma(HCHO)(lambda) data are available for the wavelength range 302.6-331.0 nm (at 294 and 245 K and under 200 Torr of N(2) bath gas) as Supporting Information with wavelength resolutions of 0.005, 0.1, and 1.0 nm. Equivalent data sets of Phi(H(2)+CO)(lambda)sigma(HCHO)(lambda) for the molecular (H(2) + CO) photofragmentation channel, produced using the measured Phi(HCO)(lambda) sigma(HCHO)(tau) values, are also provided at 0.1 and 1.0 nm resolution.

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Absorption cross sections for the A1A2-X1A1 electronic transition of formaldehyde have been measured by ultraviolet (UV) laser absorption spectroscopy in the tropospherically significant wavelength range 300-340 nm, over which HCHO is photochemically active. Absorption cross sections are reported at two temperatures, 294 and 245 K and at a spectral resolution of 0.0035 nm (0.35 cm-1). At this resolution, greater peak absorption cross sections are obtained for many of the sharp spectral features than were previously reported. To simulate atmospheric conditions in the troposphere, the effects of adding a pressure of nitrogen of up to 500 Torr and of reduced sample temperature were investigated. The overall magnitudes of peak absorption cross sections are largely unaffected by the added pressure of nitrogen, but a modest degree of pressure broadening (0.2-0.3 cm-1 atm-1) is evident in the line shapes. Computer simulations of spectra have been optimized by comparison with wavelength-dependent formaldehyde absorption cross sections for each major vibronic band in the chosen wavelength range. Experimental and computer simulated spectra at 294 and 245 K are compared to test the reliability of the computer simulations for quantification of the effects of temperature on absorption cross sections. All experimental absorption cross section data and tables of input parameters for spectral simulations are available as Supporting Information.

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We report new results on the absorption cross sections and photochemical quantum yields for radical (H + HCO) production from formaldehyde in the wavelength interval from 308-320 nm, obtained at resolutions of better than 0.1 nm. The absorption cross sections, measured at resolutions close to the limit for Doppler broadening of HCHO, show rotationally resolved fine structure, with maximum values higher than those obtained in previous, lower resolution, studies. In this wavelength region, absorption cross sections peak at 2.3 x 10(-19) cm2 molecule(-1), but band-integrated values are in excellent accord with previous measurements. HCO absorption coefficients, measured by cavity ring-down spectroscopy following UV photolysis of HCHO at wavelengths across the 2(0)(1)5(0)(1), 2(0)(2)4(0)(3) and 2(0)(3)4(0)(1) bands of the A1A2-X1A1 transition, generally mimic the parent absorption band profiles. Division of these absorption coefficients by the high resolution parent absorption cross sections gives relative quantum yields for the H + HCO radical product channel that can be put on an absolute scale using single-wavelength literature values. These quantum yields are observed to show some variation with parent excitation wavelength (and thus with excited vibronic level). Addition of 200 Torr of N2 increases the HCO quantum yields.

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Absorption cross sections have been measured for the 2(0)(2)4(0)(3) and 2(0)(3)4(0)(1) vibrational bands of the [formula: see text] electronic transition of formaldehyde in the wavelength range 313-320 nm. Accurate values are of considerable importance for atmospheric monitoring and to understand the photochemistry of this compound. The 0.10 cm(-1) FWHM wavenumber resolution of the experiments is determined by the bandwidth of the ultraviolet laser used, and is a factor of 10 or more higher than any previously reported data. The absorption cross section data are thus obtained at a spectrometer resolution close to the Doppler broadening limit at 294 K of 0.07 cm(-1) FWHM, for isolated rotational lines, but lifetime broadening effects contribute a further approximately 0.5 cm(-1) of width. Our spectral resolution is thus higher than required to resolve the sharpest spectral features and, as a consequence, the cross sections peak at greater values than previous studies of these structured rovibronic bands conducted at much lower spectrometer resolutions. Previous data can be quantitatively reproduced by convolution of the newly obtained spectra with lower-resolution instrument functions. Pressure broadening of regions of the spectra in the presence of up to 500 Torr of N2 is examined and the effects on peak absorption cross sections are very small. The influence of reduced temperature on the spectrum is also explored through experimental measurements and spectral simulations.

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