RESUMEN
Physiological adaptations to various types of prolonged and intensive physical activity, as seen in elite athletes from different sports, include changes in blood pressure (BP) response to acute exercise. Also, functional polymorphisms of the angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) and alfa-actinin-3 (ACTN3) genes are shown to be associated with BP parameters changes, both in athletes and sedentary population. In this study, an Alu insertion (I)/deletion (D) polymorphism in ACE gene, as well as nonsense mutation in the gene encoding ACTN3 have been scored in 107 elite Serbian athletes classified according to their sporting discipline to power/sprint (short distance runners/swimmers), endurance (rowers, footballers, middle-distance swimmers) or mixed sports (water polo, handball, volleyball players). Presence of nonfunctional allele in ACTN3 is associated with significantly increased maximal systolic BP (SBPmax, p = 0.04). Athletes with Alu insertion in ACE had significantly (p = 0.006) larger decline of systolic BP after 3 minutes of recovery (SBPR3), calculated as the percentage of maximal SBP response during exercise stress testing. Concomitant presence of non-functional variant in ACTN3 gene decreased this beneficiary effect of ACE mutation on SBPR3. Long term enrollment in power/sprint sports significantly increased resting diastolic BP (DBPrest: 74 mmHg) and SBPmax (197 mmHg) and improved SBPR3 (74.8%) compared to enrolment in endurance (72 mmHg; 178 mmHg; 81.1%) and mixed sports (69 mmHg; 185 mmHg; 80.0%). Lack of the effect of genotype by sport interaction on BP parameters suggests that the long-term effects of different disciplines on BP are not mediated by these two genes.
Asunto(s)
Actinina/genética , Presión Sanguínea/genética , Ejercicio Físico , Peptidil-Dipeptidasa A/genética , Adulto , Alelos , Antropometría , Atletas , Frecuencia de los Genes , Humanos , Masculino , SerbiaRESUMEN
We investigated the effects of Fascioloides magna infection on the serum biochemistry values of the naturally infected red deer population in eastern Croatia. The investigation was performed on 47 red deer with F. magna infection confirmed patho-anatomically in 27 animals (57.4%). Fibrous capsules and migratory lesions were found in 14 deer while only fibrous capsules without migratory lesions were found in 13 deer. In 13 deer both immature and mature flukes were found, in 5 deer only immature flukes were found and in 9 deer only mature flukes were found. Fascioloides magna infected deer with fibrous capsules and migratory lesions had significantly higher values for lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH) and globulin, and lower values for albumin/globulin ratio and glucose compared to uninfected deer. Fascioloides magna infected deer with fibrous capsules without the presence of migratory lesions had higher values for alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and globulin, and lower values for albumin/globulin ratio and glucose, than the uninfected deer. The number of immature flukes was positively correlated with values of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT), LDH, GLDH, urea and triglycerides. The number of migratory lesions was positively correlated with GGT, GLDH, globulin and urea values. The creatinine value was positively correlated with the number of mature flukes. The trial showed that F. magna infection causes significant changes in serum biochemistry. Moreover, these changes do not completely resemble changes following F. hepatica infection. Further investigation of changes in liver enzymes and other serum metabolites in controlled, experimentally induced fascioloidosis in red deer is needed to better understand the pathogenesis of F. magna.
Asunto(s)
Análisis Químico de la Sangre , Ciervos/parasitología , Fasciolidae/aislamiento & purificación , Hígado/enzimología , Infecciones por Trematodos/veterinaria , Albúminas/análisis , Animales , Glucemia/análisis , Creatinina/sangre , Croacia , Globulinas/análisis , Pruebas de Función Hepática , Infecciones por Trematodos/parasitología , Infecciones por Trematodos/patologíaRESUMEN
The microbial population of a traditional Croatian fermented sausage "Slavonski kulen" was isolated, identified and subjected to technological and functional characterization in order to select potential autochthonous functional starter cultures. Dominant microflora were lactic acid bacteria (LAB), followed by staphylococci. Identification of isolated lactobacilli showed domination of Leuconostoc mesenteroides and Lactobacillus acidophilus while Staphylococcus xylosus and Staphylococcus warneri outnumbered the staphylococcal microbiota. Most of the isolated LAB and Staphylococcus species displayed good growth in the presence of 5% of NaCl and at 12, 18 and 22°C. All LAB and most of the staphylococci possess proteolytic activity and only Staphylococcus xylosus had lipolytic activity. All lactobacilli and staphylococci isolates produced significant concentrations of lactic acid (as determined by HPLC) and showed antimicrobial activity against pathogenic test microorganisms. Dominant LAB and Staphylococcus species displayed growth in the presence of 1% bile. Most of the staphylococci and all of lactobacilli showed sensitivity to all antibiotics tested.
Asunto(s)
Manipulación de Alimentos/métodos , Microbiología de Alimentos , Lactobacillales/clasificación , Lactobacillales/aislamiento & purificación , Productos de la Carne/microbiología , Staphylococcus/clasificación , Staphylococcus/aislamiento & purificación , Animales , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antibiosis , Técnicas de Tipificación Bacteriana , Bilis , Croacia , Enterotoxinas/biosíntesis , Fermentación , Bacterias Gramnegativas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Bacterias Grampositivas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Ácido Láctico/biosíntesis , Lactobacillales/efectos de los fármacos , Lactobacillales/fisiología , Metabolismo de los Lípidos , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Viabilidad Microbiana , Proteínas/metabolismo , Especificidad de la Especie , Staphylococcus/efectos de los fármacos , Staphylococcus/fisiología , Sus scrofa , TemperaturaRESUMEN
Two hundred and twelve dog cadavers belonging to different breeds were examined, to investigate the formation of the femoral, obturator and the sciatic nerve. Besides the commonly described formation patterns of the mentioned nerves, some variations were also found. These variations were not gender-related, but on the other hand we discovered a certain correlation between the variations appearing in the formation of the femoral, obturator and the sciatic nerve. In 74.05% of cases, the femoral nerve was formed from ventral branches of the 4th, 5th and 6th lumbar nerve, and 16.98% of the dogs had the nerve formed from ventral branches of the 3rd, 4th and 5th lumbar nerve. Many dogs (i.e. 2.30%) had the femoral nerve formed from the ventral branches of the 5th, 6th and 7th, the 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th or the 4th, 5th, 6th and 7th lumbar nerve, respectively. In 1.88% of dogs in particular, the femoral nerve was formed from ventral rami of the 4th and 5th lumbar nerve. In 66.98% of the examined dogs, the obturator nerve was formed from the ventral branches of the 4th, 5th and 6th lumbar nerve, followed by 16.59% of the dogs with the obturator nerve formed from the ventral rami of the 4th and 5th lumbar nerve and 9.43% of dogs in which the nerve was formed from the ventral branches of the 5th and 6th lumbar nerve. In 4.71% of dogs, the obturator nerve was formed from the ventral rami of the 4th, 5th, 6th and 7th lumbar nerve, while only 2.30% of the examined dogs had the same nerve formed from the ventral branches of the 5th, 6th and 7th lumbar nerve. The sciatic nerve was formed from ventral branches of the 6th and 7th lumbar nerve and the 1st sacral nerve in 86.79% of the dogs. In 5.18% of cases, the same nerve was formed from a junction of the ventral branches of the 7th lumbar and the 1st and 2nd sacral nerve, and, in the same percentage of cases, it was formed from a junction of ventral branches of the 6th and 7th lumbar nerve and the 1st and 2nd sacral nerve. In 2.83% of the dogs, it was formed from a junction of the ventral branches of the 6th and 7th lumbar and the 1st sacral nerve. The correlation of variations established in the formation of the femoral, obturator and the sciatic nerve was not statistically significant.
Asunto(s)
Nervio Femoral/anatomía & histología , Nervio Obturador/anatomía & histología , Nervio Ciático/anatomía & histología , Animales , Perros , Femenino , Nervio Femoral/fisiología , Plexo Lumbosacro/anatomía & histología , Plexo Lumbosacro/fisiología , Masculino , Nervio Obturador/fisiología , Nervio Ciático/fisiologíaRESUMEN
The aim of this work was to investigate the possibility of conducting a continuous aerobic bioprocess in a horizontal rotating tubular bioreactor (HRTB). Aerobic oxidation of acetate by the action of a mixed microbial culture was chosen as a model process. The microbial culture was not only grown in a suspension but also in the form of a biofilm on the interior surface of HRTB. Efficiency of the bioprocess was monitored by determination of the acetate concentration and chemical oxygen demand (COD). While acetate inlet concentration and feeding rate influenced efficiency of acetate oxidation, the bioreactor rotation speed did not influence the bioprocess dynamics significantly. Gradients of acetate concentration and pH along HRTB were more pronounced at lower feeding rates. Volumetric load of acetate was proved to be the most significant parameter. High volumetric loads (above 2 g acetate l-1 h-1) gave poor acetate oxidation efficiency (only 17 to 50%). When the volumetric load was in the range of 0.60-1.75 g acetate l-1 h-1, acetate oxidation efficiency was 50-75%. At lower volumetric loads (0.14-0.58 g acetate l-1 h-1), complete acetate consumption was achieved. On the basis of the obtained results, it can be concluded that HRTB is suitable for conducting aerobic continuous bioprocesses.
Asunto(s)
Acetatos/metabolismo , Reactores Biológicos , Técnicas Bacteriológicas , Biopelículas , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Microbiología Industrial/métodos , Oxidación-Reducción , Oxígeno/metabolismoRESUMEN
We report the isolation and characterization of 16 Leptospira spp. strains isolated from small rodents captured in 11 different regions of inland Croatia. Large NotI and SgrAI restriction fragment allowed us to assign 10 isolates to the serovar istrica, 5 isolates to the serovar tsaratsovo and 1 isolate to the serovar lora. The phylogenetic analysis conducted from the sequences of the first 330 bp from the 16S rDNA gene revealed that the strains belonged to three different species, L. borgpetersenii, L. kirschneri and L. interrogans. Carrier rates in eight rodent species varied from 0 to 71.4%. Mus musculus showed the highest infection level and confirmed its role as a major reservoir of the serogroup Sejroë. For the first time we reported the occurrence of serovars tsaratsovo and lora in Croatia.
Asunto(s)
ADN Ribosómico/genética , Leptospira/genética , Leptospirosis/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Roedores/epidemiología , Enfermedades de los Roedores/microbiología , Animales , Croacia/epidemiología , Cartilla de ADN , ADN Ribosómico/sangre , Electroforesis en Gel de Campo Pulsado , Leptospira/clasificación , Leptospira/aislamiento & purificación , Leptospirosis/epidemiología , Leptospirosis/microbiología , Filogenia , RoedoresRESUMEN
The anesthesia (blockade) of canine n. femoralis may be performed either from lumbar or inguinal region. The insensibility of skin in the medial part of the thigh, tibia and tarsus as well as the akinesia of m. quadriceps femoris are attained by the anesthesia. The blockade of n. femoralis from the lumbar region often attains n. obturatorius as well. If the blockade of n. femoralis and n. ischiadicus was performed at the same time, almost all muscles of the hind limb (except m. pectineus, m. gracilis, m. obturatoris internus and m. adductor) would be inactivated, which may considerably facilitate minor surgical and postoperative interventions on the canine hind leg. Access to femoral nerve from lumbar can be recommended because of better results and easier performance and after the application of anesthetic the effect is faster and more efficient. The signs of the obturator nerve blockade were obtain in some dogs especially in dogs with long legs.