RESUMEN

Zygophyllum album has been used as herbal medicine in Southern Tunisia to treat several diseases such as diabetes mellitus. This study is aimed to reveal the mechanisms underlying the antihyperglycemic potential, the anti-inflammatory and the protective hematological proprieties of this plant in diabetic rats. The inhibition of the á-amylase activity by different solvent-extract fractions ofZ. album was tested in vitro. The fraction endowed with the powerful inhibitory activity against á-amylase was administered to surviving diabetic rats for 30 days. Data from in vitro indicated that each extract from the medicinal plant showed moderate inhibition of á-amylase enzyme except the ethyl acetate extract which was ineffective. The powerful inhibition was achieved by ethanol extract of Z. album (EZA) with an IC50 of 43.48 ìg/ml as compared to acarbose (Acar) with an IC50 of 14.88 ìg/ml. In vivo, the results showed that EZA decreased the á-amylase levels in serum, pancreas and intestine of diabetic rats by 40 %, 45 % and 46 %, respectively, associated with considerably reduction in blood glucose rate by 61 %. Moreover, the EZA helped to protect the structure and function of the â-cells. Interestingly, EZA had a potent anti-inflammatory effect which is manifested by decreases in CRP and TNF-á levels. Overall, a notable reduction in lipase activity both in serum and small intestine of treated diabetic rats resulted in the improvement of serum and liver lipids profile. Z. album showed a prominent antidiabetic effect via inhibition of carbohydrate and lipid digestive enzymes and ameliorated the inflammation and the disturbance of hematological biomarkers in diabetes

Asunto(s)

Animales , Ratas , Carbohidratos de la Dieta/metabolismo , Metabolismo de los Lípidos , Zygophyllum , Extractos Vegetales/farmacocinética , Biomarcadores/análisis , Inflamación/fisiopatología , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/fisiopatología , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Hipoglucemiantes/farmacocinética

RESUMEN

Zygophyllum album has been used as herbal medicine in Southern Tunisia to treat several diseases such as diabetes mellitus. This study is aimed to reveal the mechanisms underlying the antihyperglycemic potential, the anti-inflammatory and the protective hematological proprieties of this plant in diabetic rats. The inhibition of the α-amylase activity by different solvent-extract fractions of Z. album was tested in vitro. The fraction endowed with the powerful inhibitory activity against α-amylase was administered to surviving diabetic rats for 30 days. Data from in vitro indicated that each extract from the medicinal plant showed moderate inhibition of α-amylase enzyme except the ethyl acetate extract which was ineffective. The powerful inhibition was achieved by ethanol extract of Z. album (EZA) with an IC50 of 43.48 µg/ml as compared to acarbose (Acar) with an IC50 of 14.88 µg/ml. In vivo, the results showed that EZA decreased the α-amylase levels in serum, pancreas and intestine of diabetic rats by 40 %, 45 % and 46 %, respectively, associated with considerably reduction in blood glucose rate by 61 %. Moreover, the EZA helped to protect the structure and function of the ß-cells. Interestingly, EZA had a potent anti-inflammatory effect which is manifested by decreases in CRP and TNF-α levels. Overall, a notable reduction in lipase activity both in serum and small intestine of treated diabetic rats resulted in the improvement of serum and liver lipids profile. Z. album showed a prominent antidiabetic effect via inhibition of carbohydrate and lipid digestive enzymes and ameliorated the inflammation and the disturbance of hematological biomarkers in diabetes.

Asunto(s)

Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/enzimología , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/farmacología , Mediadores de Inflamación/sangre , Páncreas/metabolismo , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Zygophyllum/química , Animales , Biomarcadores/sangre , Peso Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Metabolismo de los Hidratos de Carbono/efectos de los fármacos , Creatina Quinasa/sangre , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/sangre , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/tratamiento farmacológico , Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/química , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/aislamiento & purificación , Prueba de Tolerancia a la Glucosa , Intestino Delgado/efectos de los fármacos , Intestino Delgado/enzimología , L-Lactato Deshidrogenasa/sangre , Lipasa/sangre , Metabolismo de los Lípidos/efectos de los fármacos , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Hígado/metabolismo , Masculino , Páncreas/efectos de los fármacos , Páncreas/inmunología , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/aislamiento & purificación , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , alfa-Amilasas/antagonistas & inhibidores , alfa-Amilasas/química

RESUMEN

The present study investigated the effect of treating diabetic rats with eugenol (EG). In vitro enzyme activity was measured in the presence of eugenol, and it was found to inhibit pancreatic α-amylase (IC(50) = 62.53 µg/mL) and lipase (IC(50) = 72.34 µg/mL) as well as angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity (IC50 = 130.67 µg/mL). In vivo, EG reduced the activity of amylase in serum, pancreas and intestine also the peak level of glucose by 60% compared to diabetic rats. Furthermore, eugenol similar to acarbose reduced serum glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), lipase and ACE levels. In addition, treatments with EG showed notable decrease in serum total-cholesterol, triglycerides and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels with an increase of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol. Overall, EG significantly reverted back to near normal the values of the biochemical biomarkers such as transaminases (AST&ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) activities, total-bilirubin, creatinine, urea and uric acid rates.

Asunto(s)

Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/tratamiento farmacológico , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/enzimología , Eugenol/farmacología , Hipertensión/complicaciones , Animales , Glucemia/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/sangre , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/complicaciones , Eugenol/efectos adversos , Eugenol/uso terapéutico , Hemoglobina Glucada/metabolismo , Intestino Delgado/efectos de los fármacos , Intestino Delgado/enzimología , Riñón/efectos de los fármacos , Riñón/metabolismo , Lípidos/sangre , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Hígado/enzimología , Masculino , Ratas , Ratas Wistar

RESUMEN

Obesity is a serious health problem that increased risk for many complications, including diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The results showed EZA, which found rich in flavonoids and phenolic compounds, exhibited an inhibitory activity on pancreatic lipase in vitro with IC(50) of 91.07 µg/mL. In vivo administration of this extract to HFD-rats lowered body weight and serum leptin level; and inhibited lipase activity of obese rats by 37% leading to notable decrease of T-Ch, TGs and LDL-c levels accompanied with an increase in HDL-c concentration in serum and liver of EZA treated HFD-rats. Moreover, the findings revealed that EZA helped to protect liver tissue from the appearance of fatty cysts. Interestingly, supplementation of EZA modulated key enzyme related to hypertension such as ACE by 36% in serum of HFD animals and improve some of serum electrolytes such as Na(+), K(+), Cl(-), Ca(2+) and Mg(2+). Moreover, EZA significantly protected the liver-kidney function by reverted back near to normal the values of the liver-kidney dysfunction indices AST&ALT, ALP, CPK and GGT activities, decreased T-Bili, creat, urea and uric acid rates. In conclusion, these results showed a strong antihypelipidemic effect of EZA which can delay the occurrence of dislipidemia and hypertension.