RESUMEN
In patients with chronic respiratory diseases that last since the early childhood, primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) needs to be considered. Four patients reviewed in this paper were with typical disease history and clinical picture, as well as clear ciliary axonema damage. Complete examination was performed in all the patients, including bronchoscopy with bronchography, and the examination of the biopsy samples of respiratory airways' mucous membrane, obtained by transmission electron microscope (TEM). In two of the patients spermatozoa were also examined by TEM. Large anatomic defects of airways were found in all the patients, but pulmonary function was normal (except in one case), representing one of PCD's significant characteristics. First two cases fulfilled the criteria for Kartagener's syndrome, which was initially sufficient for the diagnosis of PCD.
Asunto(s)
Síndrome de Kartagener/diagnóstico , Adulto , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMEN
B type Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (B-CLL) is a malignant disease characterized by the progressive accumulation of morphologically mature, but immunologically dysfunctional CD 5+ lymphocytes in the blood, bone marrow and lymphatic organs in the early phase of the cell cycle. B-CLL is an example of human malignancy caused by alternations in the pathways of programmed cell death--apoptosis. Recent investigations showed a probable role of apoptosis as a prognostic parameter in B-CLL patients. Since the introduction of chlorambucil in the therapy in 1952, besides all the achievements in modern oncology, chlorambucil remained the most common antineoplastic agent in the treatment of CLL. Numerous experimental studies, both in vitro and in vivo, showed the capability of antineoplastic agents to induce the process of apoptosis of neoplastically transformed cells. In this study the effect of chlorambucil on B lymphocytes was monitored in 16 samples of peripheral blood taken from B-CLL diagnosed patients. According to the investigations performed in this study by ultrastructure analysis of B-CLL cells, it was concluded that chlorambucil either induced apoptosis in B-CLL cells, or activated cell response to the stress.