RESUMEN

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the hypersensitivity to grass pollens (gxl) and to wheat (f4), rye ff5) and soya (fl 4) in children with allergic disease. Specific IgE was determined by the FEIA CAP- System. Hypersensitivity was expressed in classes from 1 to 6. Specific IgE antibodies against grass (gxl) in 944 children with allergic disease, aged from 6 months to 18 years were detected. At the same time in 532 of these children - specific IgE to wheat and rye and in 122 children specific IgE to soya were also estimated. We detected very high correlation between the hypersensitivity to grass and the presence of specific IgE to wheat, rye (r=0.96, p<0.01) and soya (r=0.90, p<0.05).

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

In the Immunology Department of the Institute of Mother and Child in Warsaw we have used lymphocyte blastic transformation test (LETT) over 30 years to study lymphocyte function. During the last 10 years we have noticed progressive elevation of lymphocyte percentage undergoing spontaneous blast transformation (autotransformation) in culture of these cells. The percentage rose from mean value of 2.5% to 14.7% in year 2000 with statistically significant difference already between 1985 and 1990 (2.5% versus 9.3%). The reason for this phenomenon is unknown and needs more investigations.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

On October 12, 1998. The Nobel Assembly announced the award of the Nobel Prize in Medicine and Physiology to pharmacologists Robert Furchgott, Louis Ignarro, and Ferid Murad. The Nobel Committee decided to award the prize for their discoveries concerning--nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system. Nitric oxide (NO) has a key importance for vascular tonus, acts as a signal molecule in the nervous system and plays an important function in the immunological system. Nitric oxide is a multifunction molecule which controls the blood pressure, modulates gastrointestinal motility. It is produced in abnormal level intensifies septic shock and destruction of nervous tissue. NO is important in different branches of medicine. For instance NO gas has been used to reduced high blood pressure in the lung of infants. Several unknown NO applications in medicine are waiting for discovery.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

The delivery and pharmacokinetics of cyclosporine A (CyA) given locally to the airways or iv was evaluated in young and adult rats. After intratracheal (i.t.) instillation of saline suspended CyA to adult rats, the CyA plasma levels peaked at 30 min with a bioavailability of 78.1 +/- 6.9%. After the i.t. instillation of CyA with micelles forming surfactant, Cremophor EL, in adult and young rats, the plasma levels peaked at 5 min with a bioavailability of 77.5 +/- 7.2% and 66.3 +/- 4.5%, respectively. The bioavailability of aerosolized CyA was 80.1 +/- 4.1% in adults. Thus, CyA is absorbed by the lungs into the systemic circulation of the rat in high amounts, independent of age and type of delivery system. Long-term treatment with i.t. instillations did not affect body weight gain in young and adult rats, and no histopathological changes were found in the lungs. It is important to emphasize that CyA plasma clearance in young rats was lower and elimination half-life longer than in adults. The slow elimination of CyA in young rats indicated profound pharmacokinetic age differences for this species.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

For determination of cefuroxime activity, MIC was determined for 320 strains and by a diffusion-disc method susceptibility to this antibiotic of 3321 microorganisms isolated from children treated in Institute of Mother and Child was tested. Therapeutic value of axetil cefuroxime in suspension (Zinnat-Glaxo) was determined basing on specific and bacteriologically monitored treatment of 30 children (22 with respiratory tract infections and 8 with urinary tract infections). Etiological agents of these infections were: M. catarrhalis, H. parainfluenzae, S. aureus, P. rettgeri, E. coli and K. pneumoniae. MIC 50 of cefuroxime in mg/l was following: K. pneumoniae and S. pyogenes--0.12; M. catarrhalis--1; S. aureus and P. mirabilis--2; E. coli--4; K. pneumoniae--8, C. freundii--16; P. vulgaris--32, S. marcescens--128 and E. cloacae--256. Correlation was found between MIC values and percentages of susceptible strains. In 25 children full therapeutic effect was obtained. In 3 children partial recovery was noted, but they required application of an additional antibiotic. These studies demonstrated that majority of microorganisms responsible for infection of respiratory and urinary tract is susceptible to cefuroxime and that axetil cefuroxime in suspension presents as a very useful antibiotic, especially in pediatric ambulatory treatment.

Asunto(s)

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Susceptibility of 1893 strains of bacteria responsible for infections in children treated in the Institute of Mother and Child in 1991 was investigated. Sensitivity to cefuroxime, cefamandole, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone and ceftazidime were tested by application of discs produced by Bio-Mérieux. MIC for cefuroxime against selected clinical strains was determined by a solid medium dilution method. Cefamandole in comparison with cefuroxime was more effective for S. aureus (94.7%), coagulase-negative staphylococci (93.1%), P. rettger (87.5%), M. morganii (76.9%) and P. vulgaris (63.6%). Cefuroxime was more active against P. mirabilis and C. freundii. Percentages of Enterobacteriaceae and Gram-positive cocci sensitive to III generation cephalosporins were high and amounted to 60-100%. Cefotaxime was active against higher percentages of S. marcescens (94.1%), C. freundii (76.0%), K. pneumoniae (54.8%), S. aureus (79.0%) and coagulase-negative staphylococci (82.2%) when compared with ceftazidime and ceftriaxone. P. aeruginosa, other non-fermenting Gram-negative bacteria and A. calcoaceticus were most susceptible to ceftazidime. Comparison of MIC50 and MIC ranges for cefotaxime and cefuroxime indicates significantly higher activity of cefotaxime toward all tested strains of Enterobacteriaceae.

Asunto(s)

Asunto(s)

Asunto(s)

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Immunological status of children after thymectomy performed at the age between 2 months and 15 years for teratoma in 5, and hyperplasia in 1. Cellular immunity parameters--as percent and total T lymphocyte count and their PHA reactivity, humoral immunity--as IgG, IgA, IgM concentrations, and phagocytosis--as phagocytosis index, NBT test, complement components--C3c, C4--concentration were evaluated between 6 and 12 years following surgery. No abnormalities within investigated parameters, nor the history of more frequent infections or other immunological disorder were detected.

Asunto(s)

Asunto(s)

Asunto(s)

Asunto(s)

Asunto(s)

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

The study of the ontogenesis of immunity in man is still in progress and development. In this paper the two major subpopulations of human lymphocytes--T (thymus dependent) and B (bursal equivalent or thymus independent) were examined during the ontogenetic development of man. These subpopulations can be examined in vitro by the methods distinguishing superficial receptors on these cells--namely by the rosseting methods. B lymphocytes with the receptor for Fc of immunoglobulin can be distinguished by the EA test, and with receptor for C3 by the the EAC test. T lymphocytes can be detected in blood by the E test using their capacity to bind sheep red cells forming rossetes. This phenomena is very dependent upon temperature changes during the experimental procedures and this may partly explain the widely different proportions of E rosseting forming cells found by different authors ranging from 37% to 81% in blood of healthy adults. So there is a great necessity for each laboratory to have their own normal value in the healthy children in different age to compare it with those estimated in different states of the disease. Percentages of T and B lymphocytes were evaluated in children in 5 different age groups: below 1 year, 2-3 years, 4-5 years and over 10 years. Moreover the number of T and B lymphocytes was evaluated in the peripheral blood of pregnant women (2 and 3 trimester), of women at delivery, in the cord blood and the blood of newborns on 5-th day of life. The normal control group consisted of 71 healthy adults. In some children of four age groups the absolute counts of T and lymphocytes were estimated. The results are presented in Tabl. I, II and. fig. 1, 2. We found significantly decreased percentage of T lymphocytes in some estimated groups versus control--it is in peripheral blood of pregnant women, women at delivery, in cord blood, in newborns at 5-th day of life (p less than 0.001) and in the groups of children below 5 years (0,01 less than p less than 0,02 and 0,02 less than p less than or equal to 0,05). In children older than 5 years the number of T lymphocytes was within normal limits. Total number of peripheral T lymphocytes was significantly increased in children age 2-5 years (p less than 0.001) and in children below 10 years (0.02 less than p less than or equal to 0.05). Percent of B lymphocytes estimated by the EA and EAC tests was elevated in pregnant women and women at delivery. The statistical difference between these two groups from one site and the group of healthy adults was highly significant (p less than 0.001). In some newborns we found also elevated percent-age of B lymphocytes with the receptor for C3 (EAC test) on 5-th day of life. The difference between this group and adults was not so great (0,02 less than p less than or equal to 0.05). It was also stated that absolute counts of B lymphocytes estimated by EA and EAC tests was elevated in children below 10 years of age.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

In the Institute of Mother and Child in Warsaw there were determined normal values of IgG, IgA, IgM and IgE for different ages of children and youth. The determination of normal IgD levels is the last stage in this kind of studies concerning immunoglobulins. IgD levels were estimated in 372 cases in 19 age groups: in the cord sera, infant sera and older healthy children as well as in healthy adults sera. The IgD concentration was determined by Mancini method and given in I.U/ml. The results were statistically analysed. In all samples of cord sera no IgD traces were found. In infant sera (up to one year) IgD level is very low and was detected in 27% of cases. The percentage of detectability as well as the mean IgD concentration in serum grows systematically to the age of 15 years. There is high statistically significant correlation between serum IgD concentration and the age both for the arithmetical means (r = 0,33) and for geometrical values (r = 0,39). The correlation coefficients between detectability of serum IgD and age are higher (linear dependence-r = 0,67, square dependence - r = 0,75).

Asunto(s)

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

In order to obtain higher concentration of IgA-antibodies in commercial gammaglobulin preparations, used for treatment of hipo - and dysimmunoglobulinemia states, there are produced two preparations: "Gamma-A- Konzentrat " of Behringwerke and " Igalina " of Biomed . The first one was examined and described by us previously (4, 12). Now we present our studies on Igalina . The examinations were performed using electrophoresis on cellulose acetate, double diffusion in agar gell using 15 specific antisera to plasma proteins and immunoelectrophoresis with anti-IgG, IgA and IgM. There were detected traces of albumin, transferin , alfa2 macroglobulin, haptoglobin fibrinogen and presence of IgA, IgG and IgM. We also observed the split of IgG line in immunoelectrophoresis at the cathode and to Fc and Fab fragments. The concentrations of IgA, IgG and IgM were evaluated using Mancini method (IgA--920 IU/ml, IgG--1640 IU/ml IgM 2500 IU/ml). Concentrations of chosen antibodies in Igalina were: ASO--1000 U/ml, anti- Staphylolisins 8 U/ml, agglutinins antistaphilococal 1 : 320, diphtheria antitoxins 42 U/ml, agglutinins antithyphi 1 : 20----1 : 640. They were 4 to 100 times higher than in plasma serum. Isohaemagglutinins were not detected. Igalina was used for preventive treatment of children contacted with viral infections or therapeutically for children who demonstrated first symptoms of viral infections of respiratory tracts. Preparation was given 48 times to 40 children. This group included 19 newborns and 10 children with I and IV type of dysimmunoglobulinemia or hipoimmunoglobulinemia . Doses ranged from 0,5 ml up to 1,0 ml/kg body weight. Estimations of IgA, IgG and IgM concentrations in serum and saliva of children (using Mancini method) were carried out before injection of Igalina and on the third and seventh day after injection. Results of studies were statistically evaluated, and besides the lack of significant differences we found some rise of IgA and IgG concentrations. We would like to underline also that in 6 children with hipo or dysimmunoglobulinemia the levels of IgA and IgG reached normal value on the third day after injection of Igalina . Investigations of secretory piece in saliva in the same period were carried out too. In three patients we could find the presence of secretory piece just after injection of Igalina . We did not found antibodies to IgA in patients' sera after treatment. The clinical results of treatment as well as toleration of the drug were good and very good.

Asunto(s)