RESUMEN

Manipur, an international border region has the highest incidence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infection in India. Nevertheless, there have been no analytical reviews of research article published within this region. In this review, the authors aim to draw the attention of policy makers, medical practitioners and researchers in adopting new strategies to limit the expansion of HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) not only in Manipur but also in other international border areas. A systematic search for published literature in last decade was performed based on the keywords 'Manipur' and 'HIV' using the PubMed. Twenty-six articles were selected and reviewed. There were high incidence of drug resistance (53%), emergence of recombinant virus (32%) and increased incidence of co-infection with hepatitis C virus. The prime cause of the HIV is due to the uses of 'heroin' smuggled from the 'South Asia Golden Triangle' and complex patterns of cross-border movement for trade and commerce. The drug abuse, social stigma, geographical location and resource limitation and socio-political problem of the region have contributed strongly on spreading and failure of preventively programme of HIV/AIDS. This review will provide vital knowledge for the policy makers and clinicians for sentinel surveillance of AIDS pandemic in Manipur and other international border regions.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

In this paper we show that the direct application of Heisenberg's uncertainty principle (HUP) leads to the expression of the electron statistics (ES) under extreme degeneracy and intense electric field in bulk, quantum wells, nano wires and in the presence of quantizing magnetic field in III­V, ternary and quaternary materials on the basis of a newly formulated electron dispersion laws without using the usual density-of-states (DOS) function approach for finding out the ES under different physical lattice matched to InP conditions. It appears taking HD InSb, InAs, Hg1−xCdxTe, In1−xGaxAsyP1−y as examples that the Fermi energy increases with increasing electron concentration and the surface electric field in all the cases. Besides the Fermi energy decreases with increasing alloy composition and film thickness in different manners which depend totally on the values of the energy band constants. The Fermi energy oscillates with inverse quantizing magnetic field due to SdH effect. We have also shown that under certain limiting conditions all our generalized results lead to the well known formulas as given in the literature.

RESUMEN

Ovarian cancer G-protein-coupled-receptor-1 (OGR1) is a tumor metastasis suppressor in prostate cancer (PCa). OGR1 knockout mice (ogr1(-/-)) are grossly normal under physiological conditions, however, reduced melanoma tumorigenesis has been observed, with the mechanisms of this reduction completely unknown. In this work, we demonstrated that OGR1 deficiency in host cells significantly reduced tumorigenesis of PCa in mice. Adoptive transfer of WT CD11b(+) Gr1(+) double positive (DP) cells, but not T cells, was sufficient to allow tumor development in ogr1(-/-) mice. The expression of an M1 macrophage marker, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was higher and expression of an M2 macrophage marker, arginase-1 (Arg 1) was lower in tumors from ogr1(-/-) mice compared with WT mice. Furthermore, coinjection of transgenic adenocarcinoma mouse prostate (TRAMP)-C2 cells with WT, but not ogr1(-/-) macrophages, increased tumor incidence in ogr1(-/-) mice. T-cell depletion experiments suggested that T cells were required for tumor rejection in ogr1(-/-)mice, although OGR1 expression in T cells may not be necessary. In summary, the expression of OGR1 in myeloid-derived cells, especially in DP cells, was required for PCa tumor cell-induced immunosuppression.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: Informations on celiac disease among Indian adults is scarce. With the availability of improved and more accessible diagnostic tools for celiac disease, the disease is being more frequently recognized among the adults. Therefore, a retrospective analysis of duodenal biopsies were performed to identify adult celiac disease among Indian patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis of the patients, who had villous atrophy on duodenal biopsy between February, 1997 to June 2001, was performed. The clinical presentation, laboratory parameters, treatment and follow up details of patients diagnosed as adult onset celiac disease were analysed. Diagnosis of celiac disease was established in these patients as per ESPGAN criteria. RESULTS: There were 68 duodenal biopsies during the study period. Thirteen (10 were under 15 years of age and 3 had followup biopsy) biopsies were excluded. Eleven (20%) out of 55 patients with villous atrophy in their duodenal biopsy satisfied the ESPGAN criteria for the diagnosis of celiac disease. The age at the time of diagnosis ranged from 15-56 years (mean 36.8 years). Male to female ratio was 5:6. Chronic diarrhea (99%) was the most common presentation followed by weight loss (88%) and anemia (66%). Only one patient had refractory iron deficiency anemia (11%). Histopathological examination showed, subtotal villous atrophy in 6 patients and partial villous atrophy in 5. Nine out of 11 patients had raised concentration of IgA antigliadin antibody. Two patients also had raised concentration of antiendomysial antibody. All of them showed favorable clinical response to Gluten free diet. CONCLUSION: Coeliac disease is considered rare in the tropics. Our study shows that this disease may not be as infrequent as is thought.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Adenosine deaminase (ADA) was isolated from small intestine of mice and purified to utmost homogeneity. SDS-PAGE of purified ADA gave a molecular weight of 41 kDa. Western blot analyses gave a single reactive band at 41 kDa and the other band was an associated ADA binding protein. The purified enzyme was more stable in the alkaline pH. The optimum pH and the pI values were about 7.0 and 4.96, respectively. Km values of the small intestinal ADA for adenosine and 2'-deoxyadenosine were 23 and 16 microM, respectively. Purine riboside was a competitive inhibitor with Ki of 5 microM, whereas 2'-3'-o-isopropylidene adenosine acted as an uncompetitive inhibitor (Ki 66 microM). Activity of ADA was inhibited by the presence of theophylline (-40%), caffeine (-30%), and L-cysteine (-50%). Significantly, Hg2+ (100 microM) inhibited 98% of the initial ADA activity. In addition, various purine analogs such as inosine, purine, alpha-adenosine and adenine showed variable inhibitions on the activity of ADA. Relative ADA activity towards 3'-deoxyadenosine and 6-chloropurine riboside was lower by 30% and 40%, respectively. However, the activity towards 2'-o-methyl adenosine was higher (30%) compared to the activity obtained using adenosine.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Effect of alloxan induced diabetes on the activity of adenosine deaminase (ADA) was studied in the liver, spleen, stomach and small intestine of mice at two different postnatal ages (preweaned, 15-day and postweaned, 60-day). Alloxan significantly stimulates (133%) ADA activity in the liver of 15-day old mice, while it has no significant effect in the 60-day old animals. In contrast, ADA activity was moderately increased (25%) in spleen of both the ages. However, no significant influence of alloxan was observed on ADA activity of stomach at either age of mice. On the other hand, alloxan treatment increases (69%) intestinal ADA activity in 15-day old mice, with no significant change in 60-day old animals. Thus, alloxan diabetes increases ADA activity in an age- and tissue-specific manner. Stimulation of ADA activity in diabetic mice might play role in immune and other metabolic dysfunctions in diabetic conditions.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

The activity expression and corticosterone inhibition of adenosine deaminase (ADA) were studied in the spleen, stomach, and liver of mice at various postnatal ages. The specific activity of ADA is very low in the spleen and stomach of 5- and 10-day-old mice, and increases significantly (2.5- to 3.0-fold) in 20- and 30-day-old animals. Its level shows a further increase in the spleen of 60-day-old mice while stomach increase of ADA is not significant. In contrast, the activity of ADA is significantly higher in the liver of 5- and 10-day-old mice, decreases markedly (2.5-fold) in 20- and 30-day-old animals and shows a sharp increase in the liver of 60-day-old mice. Corticosterone administration brings a marked inhibition in the activity of ADA at all ages studied in the spleen and stomach whereas it inhibits the liver ADA only at 30 and 60 days postnatal age. These findings suggest an age- and tissue-specific expression of ADA activity and also indicate corticosterone as an inhibitory regulator of this enzyme.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

PIP: This article assesses the possible association between stepfatherhood and violence against wives in Hamilton, Ontario. The sample population comprised women who sought refuge from abusive male partners at a shelter for abused women and their children during 1986-87. Comparing shelter data for 1986-87 with survey data for 1983, results showed that steprelationship was not a correlate of either socioeconomic status or the woman's age. Young wives were over-represented among shelter clients, as they were among homicide victims. However, the over-representation of steprelationships was independent of this fact. Although the data did not demonstrate conclusively that women who had children from previous unions were assaulted especially often, they showed that men were significantly more likely to have assaulted the children as well as the women. Steprelationship, poverty, and the woman's age were distinct additive risk factors for child abuse. In conclusion, excess risks and lethal risks extend to wives, and attention to this issue is urgently needed.^ieng

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

This is a comparative study of 60 sets of observations of mitral valve end-diastolic gradient, mean diastolic gradient, and mitral valve area obtained by Doppler echocardiography and cardiac catheterization. The studies were performed in 28 patients, 16 of whom underwent mitral valve balloon valvuloplasty. These 16 patients had studies performed before, immediately after valvuloplasty, and one week later. Thus 28 studies were performed before or without valvuloplasty (Group I) and 32 after valvuloplasty (Group II). The time interval between Doppler echocardiography and cardiac catheterization was less than 24 hours in 44 studies and 24 to 72 hours in 16 studies. In Doppler echocardiography the gradients were obtained by simplified Bernoulli's equation and the mitral valve area by pressure half-time method. There was excellent correlation between end-diastolic gradients (r = 0.96, p less than 0.001) and mean diastolic gradients (r = 0.92, p less than 0.001) measured by the two techniques. A statistically significant correlation also existed in the mitral valve area values (r = 0.53, p less than 0.005). On separate analysis Group I showed excellent correlation for all three variables (r values of 0.90, 0.87, and 0.82 for end-diastolic gradients, mean-diastolic gradients, and mitral valve area, respectively). Group II also showed excellent correlation of end-diastolic gradients (r = 0.80) and mean diastolic gradients (r = 0.87), but poor correlation of the mitral valve areas (r = 0.17; p = NS) by the two techniques. Doppler echocardiography can accurately measure transmitral gradients both before and after valvuloplasty.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Asunto(s)

Asunto(s)

Asunto(s)

Asunto(s)

Asunto(s)