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Introduction: It is widely recognized that HIV epidemic has a negative impact on retropositive pediatric patients. However, at present, the school performance and ambitions in retropositive and vulnerable pediatric patients from India are lacking. Aims: The aim of this study was to analyze the possible association between scholastic performance and ambitions in retropositive and vulnerable status in pediatric patients. Materials and Methods: Case-control study was conducted over a period of 2 years. Forty-two retropositive, vulnerable, and equal age- and gender-matched controls between the age of 6 and 16 years were included. All children or parents were enquired about performance, attendance, grades in last academic year, and their ambitions in life. The data were collected in a prevalidated questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS Version 20. Results: A total 42 children between the age of 6 and 16 years were included. Twenty-seven (64.3%) were males and 15 (35.7%) females. Eleven (26.2%) were retropositive, 27 (64.3%) had one infected parent, and 4 (9.5%) patients had both the parents retropositive. Twelve (28.5%) cases failed their previous academic years compared to 1 (2.3%) control. Only 2 (4.7%) had attendance more than 90% in cases as compared to 18 (42.8%) among controls. Twenty-one (50%) attributed feeling of isolation as a cause of poor academic performance, while none of the controls did the same. There was a significant association between poor grades and poor attendance at school and retropositive (P < 0.001). The odds ratio of feeling of isolation was 1.62. Conclusion: Retropositive and vulnerable status significantly affect the academic performance and ambitions in these children.
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INTRODUCTION: The sudden and extended lockdown imposed by the government as an attempt to break the transmission chain of COVID disrupted the lives and plans of many. The impact on mental health of people is variable depending on the appraisal of the situation and the resources and coping strategies. AIM AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to know the impact on mental health and coping strategies used by internet users dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic and involved difficulties in India. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The survey was conducted using Google doc application. Tools included Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) questionnaire, Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ), and brief COPE questionnaire. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Descriptive statistics were used to assess the sociodemographic characteristics, GAD-7, PHQ-2, and brief COPE scales. The group differences were analyzed using appropriate parametric or nonparametric tests for the quantitative variable and Chi-square/Mc-Nemar's test for categorical variables. The data were analyzed using SPSS software. RESULTS: Three hundred and twenty six responses were analyzed. Nearly 35.3% screened positive for anxiety disorder and 12% for major depression. Respondents who were screened positive for anxiety disorder used active coping, denial, substance use, behavioral disengagement, planning, and self-blame more often than those screened negative. Those screened positive for major depression used all the coping strategies similar to anxiety disorder except for active coping more often than those who screened negative. While females used adaptive coping more frequently than males, respondents those engaged in essential services employed maladaptive coping less often. CONCLUSIONS: Acceptance, positive reframing, and positive coping were the most often employed strategies, while denial, self-blame, and substance use were least often employed.
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BACKGROUND: Co-morbid substance use is common among individuals presenting with symptoms of psychosis. There is a paucity of research in this area. AIM: To study the longitudinal follow-up of patients over 1-year of first episode psychosis with concurrent substance use in terms of their diagnostic stability. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty patients having at least one symptom of psychosis at first admission at a General Hospital Psychiatric Unit along with concurrent substance abuse were included and followed up for 1-year. International Classification of Disease-10, diagnostic criteria were used for diagnosis. Semi-structured sociodemographic performa to assess the sociodemographic profile. Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale and Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test as rating scales were used for the assessment at 6 and 12 months. RESULTS: Of 50 patients, 31 patients who had a diagnosis of primary psychosis retained their diagnosis at follow-up. The mean age of cases in substance-induced psychosis group was 37.47 years, which was significantly higher than in primary psychosis group at 31.52 years. However, 7 patients of the substance-induced psychosis group required a change in diagnosis to primary psychosis group. The primary psychosis group patients were significantly younger, less educated, had less family support, had greater family mental illness, had more severe symptoms, and less hallucinations. CONCLUSION: The present study is a forerunner in this area. Salient differences indicated in the study can help in differentiating the diagnosis and in the management of cases. This is particularly relevant in the management setting and for long-term intervention purpose.
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Alcoholic hallucinosis is a rare complication of chronic alcohol abuse characterized by predominantly auditory hallucinations that occur either during or after a period of heavy alcohol consumption. Bleuler (1916) termed the condition as alcohol hallucinosis and differentiated it from Delirium Tremens. Usually it presents with acoustic verbal hallucinations, delusions and mood disturbances arising in clear consciousness and sometimes may progress to a chronic form mimicking schizophrenia. One such case with multimodal hallucinations in a Defence Service Corps soldier is presented here.