RESUMEN
A novel device for a bite force measurement system in a porcine model is described. A single polyethylene layer was vacuum-formed into a splint, and a force sensor was fitted on to the splint occlusal surface and seated with a silicone layer. This design enabled the measurement of bite forces on selected teeth in a large animal model with either natural dentition or single implant crowns and could be used in assessing information on biomechanical adaptation of the bone-implant interface to masticatory loads. Preliminary recordings of force values obtained during mastication in the premolar region (200-560 N) and various limiting factors of the technical design are discussed.
Asunto(s)
Fuerza de la Mordida , Análisis del Estrés Dental/instrumentación , Animales , Calibración , Implantes Dentales de Diente Único , Diseño de Equipo , Masticación/fisiología , Modelos Animales , Porcinos , Transductores de PresiónRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The purpose of this randomized double-blind study was to compare the efficacy and safety of propacetamol 2 g (an i.v. acetaminophen 1 g formulation) administered as a 2-min bolus injection (n=50) or a 15-min infusion (n=50) with oral acetaminophen 1 g (n=50) or placebo (n=25) for analgesia after third molar surgery in patients with moderate to severe pain after impacted third molar removal. METHODS: All patients were evaluated for efficacy during the initial 6 h period after treatment administration (T(0)) and for safety during the entire week after T(0). RESULTS: The onset of analgesia after propacetamol was shorter (3 min for bolus administration, 5 min for 15-min infusion) than after oral acetaminophen (11 min). Active treatments were significantly better for all parameters (pain relief, pain intensity, patient's global evaluation, duration of analgesia) than placebo (P<0.05). Adverse events were more frequent after propacetamol, especially pain at the injection site. Propacetamol bolus resulted in a much higher incidence of local adverse events than the infusion (propacetamol bolus 90% vs propacetamol infusion 52%) with no clinically significant benefits in terms of analgesic efficacy. CONCLUSION: I.V. propacetamol, administered as a 15-min infusion, is a fast-acting analgesic agent. It is more effective in terms of onset of analgesia than a similar dose of oral acetaminophen.
Asunto(s)
Acetaminofén/análogos & derivados , Acetaminofén/administración & dosificación , Analgésicos no Narcóticos/administración & dosificación , Tercer Molar/cirugía , Dolor Postoperatorio/tratamiento farmacológico , Extracción Dental , Acetaminofén/efectos adversos , Administración Oral , Adulto , Analgésicos no Narcóticos/efectos adversos , Método Doble Ciego , Femenino , Humanos , Infusiones Intravenosas , Inyecciones Intravenosas , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Dimensión del Dolor/métodos , Diente Impactado/cirugíaRESUMEN
The introduction of the specialty of surgical dentistry is an advance in itself and has far-reaching implications for the future. Surgical specialists will have a significant impact on the provision and resources of surgical dental services. This paper explores recent developments within the field.
Asunto(s)
Cirugía Bucal/tendencias , Adulto , Factores de Edad , Profilaxis Antibiótica , Servicios de Salud Dental/tendencias , Humanos , Traumatismos del Nervio Lingual , Tercer Molar/cirugía , Retratamiento , Obturación Retrógrada/métodos , Materiales de Obturación del Conducto Radicular/uso terapéutico , Tratamiento del Conducto Radicular , Extracción Dental/efectos adversos , Extracción Dental/métodos , Diente Impactado/cirugíaRESUMEN
The aim of this study was to test the value of a polydioxanon-membrane (PDS(R), Ethicon, Norderstedt, Germany) in combination with autogenous bone as a spacer for guided bone regeneration of denuded implant surfaces in comparison to simple augmentation. Altogether, in 8 Beagle dogs of 12 months, the three mandibular premolars were extracted on both sides and, after an uneventful healing of the extraction sockets in each mandibular site, two seize defined bone defects were produced. The defects were 7 mm long, had a vertical extension of 7 mm, and were 7 mm deep. These also included, therefore, the resection of the lingual cortical bone wall. In the center of all these 32 bone defects, Brânemark fixtures with a diameter of 3 mm and a length of 10 mm were implanted. Every implant was primarily stable due to the fixation in the native bone under the created defects. In each mandible site, one bone defect was filled with autologous bone resulting from the previous defect preparation. Half of the defects were covered with a PDS membrane, and the other half were covered only by the relocation of the mucoperiosteal flap. During the observation period of 90-180 days, continuous clinical and radiological controls were executed. Aside from the observed clinical healing problems in the test sites, such as exposure of the membranes and serious inflammatory reactions, the histological and radiological results of the control group regarding bone regeneration were superior to these of the test group, which were valid also for the subgroups with or without autologous bone fillings.
Asunto(s)
Regeneración Ósea , Implantes Dentales , Materiales Dentales , Polidioxanona , Animales , Perros , Membranas Artificiales , Titanio , Trasplante AutólogoRESUMEN
This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study compared the time to onset of analgesia and the analgesic efficacy of two formulations of acetaminophen 1000 mg--an effervescent solution and tablet--in 242 patients with moderate or severe pain following dental surgery. Onset of analgesia was determined using a two-stopwatch procedure. Analgesia was assessed over a 4-hour period. Treatments were compared using standard indexes of pain intensity and pain relief and summary measures. Both acetaminophen formulations were significantly more effective than their corresponding placebo for all efficacy assessments. The median time to onset of analgesia was significantly shorter with effervescent acetaminophen (20 minutes) compared to tablet acetaminophen (45 minutes). During the first 45 minutes after administration, effervescent acetaminophen was significantly more effective at each scheduled assessment time than tablet acetaminophen. The median time to meaningful pain relief was significantly shorter with effervescent acetaminophen (45 minutes) compared to tablet acetaminophen (60 minutes). At 4 hours after administration, the pain relief was significantly better with tablet acetaminophen than with effervescent acetaminophen. No other significant differences were observed between the active treatments. In conclusion, effervescent acetaminophen produces a significantly faster onset of analgesia than tablet acetaminophen.
Asunto(s)
Acetaminofén/uso terapéutico , Analgesia , Analgésicos no Narcóticos/uso terapéutico , Dolor Postoperatorio/tratamiento farmacológico , Extracción Dental/efectos adversos , Acetaminofén/efectos adversos , Adolescente , Adulto , Analgésicos no Narcóticos/efectos adversos , Método Doble Ciego , Alveolo Seco/inducido químicamente , Femenino , Cefalea/inducido químicamente , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Dolor/inducido químicamente , Dimensión del Dolor , Dolor Postoperatorio/etiología , Satisfacción del Paciente , Soluciones , Comprimidos , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the outcome of treatment with implant-retained prostheses in patients suffering from Sjögren syndrome. Eight women were included in the study; all had suffered oral symptoms of Sjögren syndrome for many years. Seven patients were edentulous in both arches, and 1 patient was edentulous in the maxilla only. All patients reported poor or very poor comfort levels with their conventional dentures. It was the intention to treat each arch that showed subjective and objective denture problems with a complete fixed prosthesis after placement of 6 implants. In all, 54 Brånemark dental implants were placed in these patients. No implants were lost, but 7 implants in 4 patients were clinically not osseointegrated at the time of the abutment connection procedure. Because of nonosseointegrated implants and lack of jawbone, 3 arches were treated with an implant-retained overdenture. Fixed prostheses were made with a titanium framework of premachined components welded together (Procera) and acrylic resin teeth and flanges. Patients answered a questionnaire regarding their oral function before the onset of treatment and 1 month and 2 years after treatment. An average radiographic bone loss of 0.7 mm from the time of implant placement to 1 year after treatment was observed; additional bone loss of less than 0.6 mm was recorded 4 years after treatment. During the first year of function 2 implants lost osseointegration. No prostheses were lost or remade. Treatment with implant-retained prostheses considerably increased the prosthetic comfort and function of the patients. Two years after prosthetic treatment, only 1 patient indicated poor comfort of the prostheses, while the remaining patients reported good or very good comfort levels.
Asunto(s)
Implantación Dental Endoósea , Implantes Dentales , Prótesis Dental de Soporte Implantado , Síndrome de Sjögren/complicaciones , Resinas Acrílicas , Anciano , Resorción Ósea/diagnóstico por imagen , Pilares Dentales , Porcelana Dental , Fracaso de la Restauración Dental , Bases para Dentadura , Diseño de Dentadura , Dentadura Completa , Prótesis de Recubrimiento , Femenino , Humanos , Enfermedades Mandibulares/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedades Maxilares/diagnóstico por imagen , Aleaciones de Cerámica y Metal , Persona de Mediana Edad , Boca Edéntula/diagnóstico por imagen , Boca Edéntula/rehabilitación , Boca Edéntula/cirugía , Oseointegración , Satisfacción del Paciente , Radiografía , Titanio , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Three siblings with Morquo's syndrome are described. Cultured fibroblasts from the youngest sibling demonstrated a total absence of N-acethylgalactosamine-6-sulphate-sulphatase whereas beta-galactocidase activity was normal, thus verifying the diagnosis of MPS-IV A. Dental features such as pointed cusps, spade-shaped incisors, thin enamel and pitted buccal surfaces were observed in all three children. Furthermore, in all three siblings the TMJ was affected with severe resorption of the head of the condyle. Histological examination of exfoliated primary molars showed a band of increased porosity following the striae of Retzius in the outer part of the enamel. These developmental disturbances were occasionally associated with minor localized defects in the enamel surface. The importance of close monitoring of dental development and regular dental care in order to prevent attrition of the teeth, loss of vertical face height and subsequent risk of TMJ dysfunction is emphasized.
Asunto(s)
Condroitinsulfatasas/deficiencia , Mucopolisacaridosis IV/complicaciones , Mucopolisacaridosis IV/patología , Trastornos de la Articulación Temporomandibular/etiología , Anomalías Dentarias/etiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Niño , Índice CPO , Caries Dental/complicaciones , Facies , Salud de la Familia , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Cóndilo Mandibular/patología , Mucopolisacaridosis IV/clasificación , Mucopolisacaridosis IV/enzimologíaRESUMEN
The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of tirilazad mesylate on edema and interleukin-1 (IL-1) levels in serum following standardized surgical procedures. Four groups, each containing eight rats, were randomized for treatment as follows: A) no medication, B) low-dose tirilazad, C) high-dose tirilazad, and D) corticosteroids. The animals were examined by nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI) 24 and 72 hours after surgery and the NMRI data were used in the determination of soft tissue edema. In addition, serum was obtained for analysis of IL-1 levels. Four other groups of animals were subjected to the same treatment regimen as groups A-D), respectively, and 24 hours after surgery the animals were killed, whereafter serum was obtained for analysis of IL-1 levels. The present study demonstrated that low-dose tirilazad significantly reduces soft tissue edema compared with all other treatment regimens 24 hours postoperatively. At 72 hours postoperatively significant reduction of soft tissue edema was achieved at low-dose tirilazad when compared to high-dose tirilazad and steroids. In addition, a significant suppression of the expression of IL-1 was observed at 24 and 72 hours when comparing low-dose tirilazad and the control group.
Asunto(s)
Antiinflamatorios/administración & dosificación , Antioxidantes/administración & dosificación , Edema/prevención & control , Interleucina-1/biosíntesis , Mandíbula/cirugía , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Orales/efectos adversos , Pregnatrienos/administración & dosificación , Corticoesteroides/uso terapéutico , Animales , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Regulación hacia Abajo , Edema/etiología , Interleucina-1/sangre , Focalización Isoeléctrica , Masculino , Distribución Aleatoria , RatasRESUMEN
PURPOSE: This study evaluated the accuracy of digital subtraction radiography (DSR) and three-dimensional computed tomography (3D CT) for determination of bone graft volume in the maxillofacial region. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Standardized bone defects were made on the top of the alveolar ridge in 10 dry pig mandibles. To resemble the clinical situation, a bone block was harvested from the symphyseal region of the mandible and fixed in the defect. True bone graft volume was determined by the water displacement technique (VOL I) and correlated to direct measurements by calipers (VOL II). The mean gray value of the bone graft as imaged by DSR was correlated to the directly measured thickness. Furthermore, VOL I was correlated to the 3D CT of the bone graft (VOL III) and to the 3D CT with the bone graft fixed in the defect (VOL IV). RESULTS: There was a strong correlation between VOL I and VOL II (r = .95), whereas there was a poorer correlation between mean gray level in DSR and measured bone thickness (r = .63). A strong correlation was also registered between VOL I and VOL III (r = .97) and VOL I and VOL IV (r = .97).
Asunto(s)
Pérdida de Hueso Alveolar/diagnóstico por imagen , Aumento de la Cresta Alveolar/métodos , Trasplante Óseo , Técnica de Sustracción , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Pérdida de Hueso Alveolar/etiología , Aumento de la Cresta Alveolar/efectos adversos , Aumento de la Cresta Alveolar/normas , Animales , Densidad Ósea , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , PorcinosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Our aim was to evaluate endocrinological status 10-21 years after treatment for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) with chemotherapy (C) and cranial irradiation (C + I) or only C, and to correlate the endocrine data with growth parameters. PROCEDURE: Of 30 patients (15 females and 15 males), 18 were treated with C + I and 12 were treated with C only. Height standard deviation score (HSDS) and body mass index standard deviation score (BMISDS) before treatment, at end of treatment, and at follow-up were calculated from height and weight registered from the charts. At follow-up examinations, provocative growth hormone (GH) tests (clonidine and insulin tolerance test) and an ACTH test were performed. Furthermore, blood samples for hormonal analysis, IGF-I, IGFBP-3, GHBP, and leptin were drawn. RESULTS: Eleven patients (9 treated with C + I and 2 treated with C) showed insufficient response to GH tests. Two patients had hypogonadism. HSDS and IGF-I were significantly lower and GHBP significantly higher in GH-deficient patients compared to the group with normal GH secretion at follow-up. BMISDS steadily increased from start of treatment until follow-up, independent of GH status at follow-up. BMISDS at follow-up was positively correlated with serum leptin (P < 0.001), and serum leptin was significantly higher in the cranial irradiated group as compared to the nonirradiated group. CONCLUSIONS: GH deficiency is frequently found at long-term follow-up in patients treated for childhood ALL. Other hormonal deficiencies are rare. HSDS at long-term follow-up is dependent on GH secretory status. Long-term endocrinological follow-up examinations in patients treated for childhood ALL are recommended, as hormonal replacement therapy may be indicated.
Asunto(s)
Irradiación Craneana/efectos adversos , Crecimiento , Hormona de Crecimiento Humana/deficiencia , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/terapia , Adolescente , Adulto , Estatura , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Masculino , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/fisiopatologíaRESUMEN
PURPOSE: This study evaluated trismus, bite force, and pressure algometry as measures of analgesic efficacy after third molar removal. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fifty-seven patients (36 females and 21 males) developed at least moderate pain after surgical removal of a mandibular third molar and were given either ibuprofen, 400 mg (n = 26), or placebo (n = 31) in a double-blind study. Pain intensity and pain relief were rated on a five-point verbal rating scale during the 4-hour study period. Recordings of trismus, bilateral pressure pain detection and tolerance thresholds, and bite force were performed before surgery, at medication, and hourly for 4 hours. Changes in the functional variables were calculated as percent change from baseline (before surgery). RESULTS: The pain intensity and pain relief ratings showed significant differences between the ibuprofen- and placebo-treated patients in the 4-hour study period. The changes in trismus, bite force, and pressure pain thresholds were in accordance with these pain ratings. Pressure pain detection threshold on the operated side was significantly lower in the placebo-treated patients compared with the ibuprofen-treated patients 2 and 3 hours after medication, whereas pressure tolerance threshold showed a significant difference after 2 hours. Bite force on the operated side was significantly less reduced 3 hours after treatment with ibuprofen when compared with placebo. CONCLUSIONS: The functional measures used support the results obtained by rating of pain intensity and pain relief, and could be of value as measures of the efficacy of an analgesic to reduce functional impairment caused by postoperative pain.
Asunto(s)
Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/farmacología , Ibuprofeno/farmacología , Tercer Molar/cirugía , Dolor Postoperatorio/tratamiento farmacológico , Umbral Sensorial/efectos de los fármacos , Adolescente , Adulto , Fuerza de la Mordida , Método Doble Ciego , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Mandíbula/fisiopatología , Dimensión del Dolor/métodos , Dolor Postoperatorio/complicaciones , Dolor Postoperatorio/etiología , Rango del Movimiento Articular/efectos de los fármacos , Extracción Dental/efectos adversos , Trismo/etiología , Trismo/fisiopatologíaRESUMEN
PURPOSE: This study evaluates a treatment regimen for reconstruction of residual maxillary alveolar cleft defects consisting of mandibular bone grafting and immediate implant installation. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Sixteen cleft patients (five female and 11 male) had residual cleft defects of the alveolar ridge reconstructed with bone grafts from the mandibular symphyseal region. The bone graft was pretapped at the donor site before fixation in the residual ridge with Brånemark implants. Twenty implants were installed according to this concept. The period of observation ranged from 36 to 69 months, with a mean of 48 months after implant installation. RESULTS: Five patients developed wound dehiscenses that resulted in total or partial bone graft sequestration. Two implants were lost, one due to sequestration and the other due to mobility at the abutment procedure; 18 implants were still well functioning at the end of the observation period. However, all patients showed significant periimplant bone resorption after this one-stage treatment. CONCLUSION: Because of the observed complication rate, the one-stage procedure may not be optimal for reconstructing residual cleft defects.
Asunto(s)
Proceso Alveolar/anomalías , Alveoloplastia , Trasplante Óseo/métodos , Fisura del Paladar/cirugía , Implantes Dentales/efectos adversos , Adolescente , Adulto , Pérdida de Hueso Alveolar , Proceso Alveolar/cirugía , Análisis de Varianza , Implantación Dental Endoósea/métodos , Retención de Prótesis Dentales , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Mandíbula/trasplante , Evaluación de Resultado en la Atención de Salud , Colgajos Quirúrgicos , Dehiscencia de la Herida Operatoria , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
An unusual late complication to an orbital floor fracture is presented. Five years after trauma a now 22-year old man demonstrated an entamoeba infected cyst in the orbit.
Asunto(s)
Quistes/parasitología , Entamoeba histolytica/aislamiento & purificación , Entamebiasis/etiología , Enfermedades Orbitales/parasitología , Fracturas Orbitales/complicaciones , Adulto , Animales , Quistes/cirugía , Drenaje/métodos , Entamebiasis/cirugía , Humanos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Masculino , Órbita/lesiones , Enfermedades Orbitales/cirugía , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos XRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the accuracy of 3D-CT reconstruction for determination of bone graft volume in an animal model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eight minipigs had bone graft reconstruction of an alveolar ridge defect. The true volume of the graft (VOL I) was determined by Archimedes principle before reconstruction. Following fixation, axial CT-scans (1 mm slice thickness with 50% overlap) were performed and segmented into grafted and residual bone for 3D-reconstruction. Using the volume tool of the 3D program the volume (VOL II) was calculated. RESULTS: There was a strong correlation between VOL I and VOL II (r = 0.93, P = 0.001). There was a tendency, which was not statistically significant, to overestimate the volume measured by 3D-CT. CONCLUSION: The volume of a bone graft can be determined by 3D-CT. However, further refinements of the technique are needed to improve the accuracy.
Asunto(s)
Trasplante Óseo , Procesamiento de Imagen Asistido por Computador/métodos , Cirugía Bucal , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/métodos , Proceso Alveolar/diagnóstico por imagen , Proceso Alveolar/cirugía , Animales , Procesamiento de Imagen Asistido por Computador/instrumentación , Mandíbula/diagnóstico por imagen , Mandíbula/cirugía , Enfermedades Mandibulares/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedades Mandibulares/cirugía , Porcinos , Porcinos Enanos , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/instrumentación , AguaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To compare the accuracy of Scanora with that of traditional panoramic and intra-oral radiography for the assessment of impacted mandibular third molars. METHODS: Two hundred and fifty-four patients referred for removal of impacted or partly erupted third molars were randomly allocated to one of two groups; 133 were examined by the Scanora system and 121 by a panoramic plus a series of three intra-oral radiographs. The radiographs were read by a trained oral radiologist and her diagnoses validated against the surgeons' findings at operation. RESULTS: There was agreement about the state of tooth eruption in 71.4% of Scanora and 74.4% of conventional examinations and about tooth position in 77.2 and 69.7% respectively (P < 0.05). The number of roots was assessed more accurately by Scanora (82.7% agreement) than by conventional (71% agreement) examination (P < 0.05). There was agreement about the root morphology in 70.4% of Scanora and 62.4% of conventional examinations. In 12% of the patients, the roots were in very close contact with the canal determined by the surgeon. In approximately 50% of these cases, the close contact to the canal was found by radiography with no significant differences between the methods. CONCLUSION: The Scanora method was more accurate when validated against the surgeons' findings for the position and number of roots of ectopic mandibular third molars while both methods were equally accurate in demonstrating the relation between the roots and the inferior alveolar nerve.
Asunto(s)
Tercer Molar/diagnóstico por imagen , Radiografía Dental Digital , Diente Impactado/diagnóstico por imagen , Adolescente , Adulto , Estudios de Evaluación como Asunto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Mandíbula , Tercer Molar/cirugía , Radiografía Panorámica , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Estadísticas no Paramétricas , Diente Impactado/cirugía , Diente no Erupcionado/diagnóstico por imagen , Diente no Erupcionado/cirugíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To compare the effect on outcome of third molar removal of pre-operative radiographic assessment by two different techniques. METHODS: Two hundred and sixty three patients were allocated prior to surgery to one of two diagnostic groups. One hundred and thirty-seven were examined by the Scanora and 126 by a panoramic plus three intra-oral radiographs. Ten oral surgeons recorded their operating time in minutes. Postoperative pain was recorded 4 h after the operation by the patients on a Visual Analog Scale (VAS). The following clinical parameters were recorded at the 1-week postoperative examination: alveolitis, bleeding, and swelling related to the operation area, and any other complications such as paresthesia, nausea and trismus. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in operation time between the two groups of patients (t-test; P > 0.82) nor in the frequency of immediate postoperative pain (chi 2-test; P > 0.5). There were no statistically significant differences in pain score between patients who experienced pain in the two groups (P = 0.10). Sixty-four patients experienced one or more postoperative complications, but the differences between the two groups were not statistically significant (chi 2-test; P > 0.05). There were no significant differences between the surgeons in the number of patients they operated on who experienced pain (chi 2-test; P = 0.18) or who developed complications (chi 2-test; P = 0.27). CONCLUSION: There are no adverse effects on the rate of postoperative complications when surgeons with little experience with it base their diagnosis and treatment plan on Scanora compared with conventional radiography.
Asunto(s)
Tercer Molar/diagnóstico por imagen , Radiografía Dental Digital , Diente Impactado/diagnóstico por imagen , Adulto , Distribución de Chi-Cuadrado , Competencia Clínica , Estudios de Evaluación como Asunto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Mandíbula/diagnóstico por imagen , Tercer Molar/cirugía , Dimensión del Dolor , Dolor Postoperatorio , Radiografía Panorámica , Estadísticas no Paramétricas , Diente Impactado/cirugía , Diente no Erupcionado/diagnóstico por imagen , Diente no Erupcionado/cirugía , Resultado del TratamientoAsunto(s)
Anticoagulantes/uso terapéutico , Extracción Dental , Warfarina/uso terapéutico , Anticoagulantes/administración & dosificación , Antifibrinolíticos/administración & dosificación , Antifibrinolíticos/uso terapéutico , Esquema de Medicación , Técnicas Hemostáticas , Humanos , Relación Normalizada Internacional , Antisépticos Bucales/uso terapéutico , Hemorragia Bucal/prevención & control , Hemorragia Posoperatoria/prevención & control , Ácido Tranexámico/administración & dosificación , Ácido Tranexámico/uso terapéutico , Warfarina/administración & dosificaciónRESUMEN
MCAF (MCP-1) a member of the chemokine-beta-family known to be chemotactic for monocytes is believed to play a significant role in several inflammatory processes, both immuno-pathological disorders, such as atherosclerosis, psoriasis, chronic inflammatory diseases of the liver and lungs, and during the normal immune response against microorganisms. This chemokine is produced spontaneously by monocytes, and in the present article we also demonstrate that MCAF induces its own production in monocytes. The methods used are two dimensional SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis. Western-blotting and ELISA quantification of supernatant from monocyte cultures stimulated with MCAF (1, 10, 100 ng ml). Also, we found that this process is regulated by IL-10 (100 ng ml). Our results suggest that monocytes migrating to a site of inflammation due to the local production of the chemokine MCAF/MCP-1 further enhance the focal accumulation of monocytes by producing and releasing bioactive MCAF MCP-1.
Asunto(s)
Quimiocina CCL2/biosíntesis , Quimiocina CCL2/farmacología , Interleucina-10/fisiología , Monocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Monocitos/metabolismo , Western Blotting , Células Cultivadas , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , HumanosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Conventional cephalometry is an inexpensive and well-established method for evaluating patients with dentofacial deformities. However, patients with major deformities, and in particular asymmetric cases are difficult to evaluate by conventional cephalometry. Both two- and three-dimensional computed tomography (CT) have been proposed to alleviate some of these difficulties. Only a few studies using metallic markers have indicated 3-D CT to be a useful diagnostic method, whereas no studies have evaluated the reliability of the anatomic cephalometric points used in 3-D CT. The aim of our study therefore was to compare the reliability of anatomic cephalometric points from conventional cephalograms and 3-D CT. METHODS: Nine human dry skulls were CT scanned. In addition standard lateral and frontal cephalograms were obtained. The CT scans were 3-D image reconstructed, and the cephalometric points were recorded as x, y, and z co-ordinates by two investigators. Computerized cephalometrics were performed-on the lateral and frontal cephalograms. Intra- and interindividual variations were calculated for each method and tested for statistical significance. RESULTS: Lateral cephalogram measures were more reliable than 3-D CT, with interobserver variations less than 1 mm for most points compared to about 2 mm for 3-D CT. Lateral cephalometrics also showed significantly less interobserver variation for six variables. This was, however, less obvious when 3-D CT was compared to frontal cephalograms. Frontal cephalometrics showed significantly less interobserver variation for three of the investigated variables. CONCLUSIONS: For standard lateral and frontal cephalometric points, there is no evidence that 3-D CT is more reliable than the conventional cephalometric methods in normal skull, and the benefit of 3-D CT cephalometric is indicated to be in the severe asymmetric craniofacial syndrome patients, as conventional cephalometrics is known to be inferior in these cases.
Asunto(s)
Cefalometría/métodos , Cráneo/diagnóstico por imagen , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/métodos , Adulto , Análisis de Varianza , Cefalometría/estadística & datos numéricos , Asimetría Facial/patología , Huesos Faciales/anatomía & histología , Huesos Faciales/diagnóstico por imagen , Humanos , Procesamiento de Imagen Asistido por Computador , Lactante , Metales , Variaciones Dependientes del Observador , Prótesis e Implantes , Intensificación de Imagen Radiográfica , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Cráneo/anatomía & histología , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/estadística & datos numéricosRESUMEN
Interleukin 10 (IL-10) is a recently described natural endogenous immunosuppressive cytokine that has been identified in human, murine, and other organisms. Human IL-10 (hIL-10) has high homology with murine IL-10 (mIL-10) as well as with an Epstein-Barr virus genome product BCRFI. This viral IL-10 (vIL-10) shares a number of activities with hIL-10. IL-10 significantly affects chemokine biology, because human IL-10 inhibits chemokine production and is a specific chemotactic factor for CD8+ T cells. It suppresses the ability of CD4+ T cells, but not CD8+ T cells, to migrate in response to IL-8. A nonapeptide (IT9302) with complete homology to a sequence of hIL-10 located in the C-terminal portion (residues 152-160) of the cytokine was found to possess activities that mimic some of those of hIL-10. These are: (i) inhibition of IL-1beta-induced IL-8 production by peripheral blood mononuclear cell, (ii) inhibition of spontaneous IL-8 production by cultured human monocytes, (iii) induction of IL-1 receptor antagonistic protein production by human monocytes, (iv) induction of chemotactic migration of CD8+ human T lymphocytes in vitro, (v) desensitization of human CD8+ T cells resulting in an unresponsiveness toward rhIL-10-induced chemotaxis, (vi) suppression of the chemotactic response of CD4+ T human lymphocytes toward IL-8, (vii) induction of IL-4 production by cultured normal human CD4+ T cells, (viii) down-regulation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha production by CD8+ T cells, and (ix) inhibition of class II major histocompatibility complex antigen expression on IFN-gamma-stimulated human monocytes. Another nonapeptide (IT9403) close to the NH2-terminal part of hIL-10 did not reveal cytokine synthesis inhibitory properties, but proved to be a regulator of mast cell proliferation. In conclusion, we have identified two functional domains of IL-10 exerting different IL-10 like activities, an observation that suggests that relatively small segments of these signal proteins are responsible for particular biological functions.