RESUMEN
The authors describe the methods of pharmaceutical and criminalistics analysis that are finding the increasingly wider application for the drug expertise (identification) and elucidation of the circumstances conducive to the commission of an offence. The special emphasis is laid on the buprenorphine studies with the use of the colour chemical reactions, thin-layer chromatography, gas chromatographic analysis, high-performance liquid chromatography, IR spectrometry, and other modern techniques. The methods based on the recent achievements in pharmaceutical and criminalistics sciences can be employed in the activities intended to control the illegal drug circulation. Moreover, they may be of importance for obtaining valuable information about the actions of the persons involved in the trafficking or synthesis (production) of the prohibited substances after they are brought to criminal responsibility and/or appear before the court.
Asunto(s)
Buprenorfina , Cromatografía/métodos , Buprenorfina/análisis , Buprenorfina/farmacología , Toxicología Forense/métodos , Humanos , Narcóticos/análisis , Narcóticos/farmacologíaRESUMEN
This study was designed to evaluate the extraction of 2-metoxy-4-allylhydroxybenzene with hydrophobic organic solvents for its analysis by thin layer chromatography and chromatography on a L 40/100 mcm silica gel column. It is proposed to identify and quantitatively determine2-metoxy-4-allylhydroxybenzene in the extracts from cadaveric liver tissue by means of thin layer chromatography, reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography with a diode matrix detector and chromatography-mass spectrometry.
Asunto(s)
Cromatografía Liquida/métodos , Eugenol/análogos & derivados , Extracción Líquido-Líquido/métodos , Hígado , Espectrometría de Masas/métodos , Eugenol/química , Eugenol/farmacología , Toxicología Forense/métodos , Humanos , Higroscópicos/química , Hígado/química , Hígado/patología , Gel de Sílice/química , Solventes/química , Solventes/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Forensic medical examiners know numerous cases of non-occupational intoxication (e.g. suicide, drug intoxication, household poisoning) but rarely encounter cases of occupational poisoning with household gases. Collection of forensic chemical facts testifying to the presence of saturated hydrocarbons in blood and other tissues is a challenging task. It hampers evaluation of their toxic effect on human brain for the purpose of forensic medical examination. A method is proposed for the analysis of biological materials allowing for the detection of natural alkanes, such as butane, along with recommendations on taking samples for chemical analysis in suspected cases of poisoning with household gases. The method is designed to be employed in combination with up-to-date analytical techniques, such as capillary gas chromatography and mass spectrometry.
Asunto(s)
Butanos/análisis , Butanos/envenenamiento , Toxicología Forense , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias/diagnóstico , Accidentes por Caídas , Resultado Fatal , Cromatografía de Gases y Espectrometría de Masas , Humanos , Masculino , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias/complicacionesRESUMEN
A steady tendency toward the extensive use of phytogenous medicinal products well apparent in the recent years involves dental materials. Over one third of the dentistry products contain eugenol, the main component of the clove essential oil. This study is focused on the development of a method for the detection and quantitative measurement ofeugenol in a variety of stomatological products, includling filling materials, and other preparations. The samples for analysis were prepared taking into account physical and chemical properties of the substance of interest, such as high partial pressure over the liquid phase. We investigated the equilibrium vapour phase by capillary gas chromatography with the use of a mass-spectral detector. A method for the detection and quantitative assay of eugenol in dental materials and-filling agents was developed. Its sensitivity limit is 10 ng/ml for liquid samples and 25 mcg/g for solid ones. Metrologic characteristics of the method make it suitable for the detection of eugenol in dental fillings after their long-term contact with biological tissues.
Asunto(s)
Materiales Dentales/química , Materiales Dentales/normas , Eugenol/análisis , Eugenol/química , Cromatografía de Gases y Espectrometría de Masas , Límite de Detección , Estructura Molecular , Cemento de Óxido de Zinc-Eugenol/químicaRESUMEN
Modified methods for the detection and measurement of furosemide and spironolactone in biological fluids has been developed based on gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Optimal conditions for chromatography are described for the determination of the diuretic agents of interest. The proposed methods were verified by analysing urine samples obtained from patients with chronic cardiac insufficiency.
Asunto(s)
Diuréticos/orina , Toxicología Forense/métodos , Furosemida/orina , Cromatografía de Gases y Espectrometría de Masas/métodos , Espironolactona/orina , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/orina , Humanos , Reproducibilidad de los ResultadosRESUMEN
Lethal concentration of bupivacaine was determined based on the examination of a case of poisoning with this local anesthetic agent taken at a dose 5 times the normal value. This study is of special interest taking into consideration the lack of data on toxic and lethal doses of bupivacaine in splanchnic organs and tissues in the literature.
Asunto(s)
Anestésicos Locales/envenenamiento , Bupivacaína/envenenamiento , Toxicología Forense , Errores de Medicación , Anestésicos Locales/administración & dosificación , Anestésicos Locales/aislamiento & purificación , Anestésicos Locales/farmacocinética , Anestésicos Locales/uso terapéutico , Bupivacaína/administración & dosificación , Bupivacaína/aislamiento & purificación , Bupivacaína/farmacocinética , Bupivacaína/uso terapéutico , Resultado Fatal , Humanos , Masculino , Especificidad de Órganos , Intoxicación/diagnóstico , Distribución TisularRESUMEN
Described are the results of a complex study of different objects and beverages for the content of synthetic drugs in them, i.e. phencyclidine and tenocyclidine, by using the methods of planar and gas chromatography, UV-spectrometry and mass spectrometry/gas chromatography.
Asunto(s)
Analgésicos Opioides/envenenamiento , Bebidas/análisis , Alucinógenos/envenenamiento , Fenciclidina/envenenamiento , Enfermedad Aguda , Analgésicos Opioides/análisis , Medicina Legal , Cromatografía de Gases y Espectrometría de Masas , Alucinógenos/análisis , Humanos , Masculino , Fenciclidina/análisisRESUMEN
Data analysis of an experiment in which photon splitting in atomic fields was observed is presented. The experiment was performed at the tagged photon beam of the ROKK-1M facility at the VEPP-4M collider. In the energy region of 120-450 MeV, statistics of 1.6x10(9) photons incident on the BGO target was collected. About 400 candidate photon-splitting events were reconstructed. Within the attained experimental accuracy, the experimental results are consistent with the calculated exact atomic-field cross section. The predictions obtained in the Born approximation differ significantly from the experimental results.
RESUMEN
Conditions of isolation of opiates from tissues and analysis of the resultant extracts by immunochemical methods are discussed. The main characteristics of OPIATES U kits (Pharmatech) for polarization fluorescent immunoanalysis of cadaveric material (liver) are determined. Immunochemical methods for forensic chemical analysis for opiates are experimentally compared.
Asunto(s)
Inmunoquímica/métodos , Hígado/química , Narcóticos/análisis , Medicina Legal/métodos , Cromatografía de Gases y Espectrometría de Masas/métodos , Humanos , Reproducibilidad de los ResultadosRESUMEN
A protocol for comparative analysis of heroin making use of chromatographic methods and infra-red spectroscopy is presented.
Asunto(s)
Heroína/análisis , Papaver/química , Plantas Medicinales , Alcaloides/química , Cromatografía/métodos , Espectroscopía Infrarroja por Transformada de Fourier/métodosRESUMEN
Methods for analysis of narcotics belonging to amphetamine methylene dioxy derivatives (MDD) are reviewed. The characteristics of these agents, their metabolism, and methods used for their detection and identification (TLC, GC, HPLC, GC/MS) are described. Methods for their extraction from biological objects (human urine and hair) are described. Efficacy of MDMA and MDEA from the urine by different extractants is assessed. The data demonstrate different potentialities for detection and identification of amphetamine MDD, including those in biological specimens (human urine and hairs), by numerous chromatographic methods.