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PURPOSE: This retrospective study reports on the diagnostic and surgical treatment of 10 patients with ascending thrombophlebitis in the proximal great saphenous vein with free-floating thrombi reaching into the common femoral vein. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 10 patients were operated in our clinic for thrombophlebitis with free-floating thrombi in the saphenofemoral junction. Diagnosis of free-floating thrombi was made by B-mode and color-coded duplex ultrasound examination. Surgical thrombectomy was performed immediately. RESULTS: No operative complications were observed, while 5 of 10 patients sustained preoperative pulmonary embolism. After successful thrombectomy and perioperative systemic heparinization, patients who had no PE and no thrombophilic disorders were discharged without any further anticoagulant therapy. CONCLUSION: The results of our retrospective study show that patients with an ascending thrombophlebitis should undergo ultrasound examination to detect free-floating thrombi reaching into the deep venous system. In case of free-floating thrombi, immediate surgical thrombectomy, which is safe and provides rapid recovery from symptoms, is indicated.

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Ultrasound education improves by simulator training, however, the acceptance of ultrasound simulator training has not been investigated. Therefore we evaluated the participants response to simulator education during an ultrasound course of abdominal emergencies at an international ultrasound congress, at a regular ultrasound course and during courses at a regional hospital and an university hospital. Altogether, 62.3% of the participants judged the simulator image quality to be good. 84.3% considered the case selection to be good and 92.7% of the participants viewed the educational benefit to be good. 98.5% whished to have further ultrasound simulator courses to be developed and 95.3% of the participants opted for the integration of simulator training into the conventional ultrasound education.

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We report on the case of a 40-year-old woman with a long year history of vegetarian lifestyle, who experienced a phytobezoar induced acute abdomen due to a mechanic small bowel ileus. After uncomplicated surgical treatment and post-OP course the patient could be discharged on post-OP day 10. Beside a description of the historical background, relevant diagnostic and therapeutic aspects are mentioned as well as a review of the relevant literature.

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Ultrasound is one of the most important imaging methods in medicine. However, ultrasound education is complicated by varying quantities and qualities of specific pathologies resulting from distinct patient collectives. Furthermore, under current clinical conditions ultrasound educators as well as trainees frequently lack the time necessary for a sufficient ultrasound education. Finally, current ultrasound education materials including "gold standard" images are not ideally suited for teaching scanning three-dimensional pathologies. In a direct cross over study we recently proved, that the ultrasound simulator we developed simulated the real patient examination reliably and reproducibly. By using this simulator as well in the classical beginner and advanced level courses as in focused courses of abdominal emergencies for instance, ultrasound trainees are able to practice scanning of well defined pathologies under realistic conditions, which has not been possible before. Furthermore, the ultrasound simulator is well suited for a structured ultrasound training in single hospitals as well as in continuous medical education. Finally, objective, standardized ultrasound quality control has become possible with the simulator.

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B-mode-compression sonography is the method of choice in detection of deep venous thrombosis of the lower extremity after surgery or immobilisation: It is readily available, repeatable at any time, and is the least stressing for the patient. Color-coded duplex compliments b-mode compression in selected cases, and is method of choice in follow-up exams to evaluate recanalisation. I.v.-phlebography has lost its importance and is only indicated in rare situations. Other picture-rendering methods couldn't be shown to be superior and hence did not find their way to clinical routine.

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Direct sonographic examination of the lateral ligaments of the talocrural joint after fresh, primary supination trauma, without the need for local anesthesia, is an extremely cost-effective and reliable tool to evaluate the ligamentous state. After clinical evaluation and a native X-ray to exclude any osseous lesions, ligamentous tear stability should be tested--either indirectly with classic radiology or directly with sonography. We assume that because of the complete and direct depiction of the fibular ligamentous structures there is no diagnostic alternative to using the 12-MHz technique of modern high-end devices.

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A spontaneous transvaginal evisceration is a rare clinical event. The case of a 61-year-old woman is described. It is often associated with previous vaginal surgery as well as postmenopausal hypoestrogenism and therefore atrophy of the vaginal vault. The primary treatment is characterized by laparotomy and reposition of the prolapsed bowel. After assessing the viability resection of compromised segments is indicated. However, the main surgical problem is the prophylaxis of recurrence. Beside the repair of the vaginal disruption a colpocleisis, colpectomy, sacropexia or obliteration of the Douglas cavity is necessary.

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