RESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the concentration of kidney injury molecule-1 and activity of urinary gamma-glutamyl transferase in cats with urethral obstruction and healthy cats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Blood and urine samples were collected from a group of 15 healthy cats (control group) and a group of 20 cats with urethral obstruction at presentation, and 24 hours and 7 days after unblocking the obstruction. The serum creatinine, urinary creatinine and urinary gamma-glutamyl transferase were measured by spectrophotometry and kidney injury molecule-1 by the sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: On presentation, cats with obstruction had serum creatinine concentration and urinary gamma-glutamyl transferase index higher than healthy cats (mean difference 544 µmol/L, 95% confidence intervals 222 to 865 µmol/L, and 0.0022 U/µmol-uCre, 0.00043 to 0.0039 U/µmol-uCre, respectively), urine creatinine concentration lower (mean difference 25,624 µmol/L, 17,329 to 33,919 µmol/L), and no significant difference in the kidney injury molecule-1/urinary creatinine ratio (mean difference 13 pg/µmol-uCre, -33 to 59 pg/µmol-uCre). In the group of cats with urinary obstruction, over time serum creatinine decreased, urine creatinine increased, urinary gamma-glutamyl transferase index did not change significantly, and kidney injury molecule-1/urinary creatinine ratio increased. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Cats with post-renal obstruction and potential intrinsic renal damage had higher urinary gamma-glutamyl transferase index than healthy cats at the time of presentation and showed increase in kidney injury molecule-1/urinary creatinine ratio over time.
Asunto(s)
Lesión Renal Aguda , Enfermedades de los Gatos , Obstrucción Uretral , Lesión Renal Aguda/diagnóstico , Lesión Renal Aguda/veterinaria , Animales , Biomarcadores , Enfermedades de los Gatos/diagnóstico , Gatos , Creatinina , Femenino , Riñón , Masculino , Obstrucción Uretral/veterinaria , gamma-GlutamiltransferasaRESUMEN
Bredemeyera floribunda roots are popularly used to treat snakebites in the semiarid region of Northeast Brazil, and previous studies indicate the anti-ophidian actions of triterpenoid saponins found in its roots. To assess B. floribunda root extract (BFRE) activity against the effects of Bothrops jararacussu venom (BjuV), antiphospholipasic, antiproteolytic, antihemorrhagic, antinecrotic, and anti-edematogenic activities were investigated in mice. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of saponins, flavonoids, and sugars, with rutin and saccharose being the major constituents of BFRE. Acute toxicity was determined and BFRE was nontoxic to mice. Phospholipase A2 and proteolytic activities induced by BjuV were inhibited in vitro by BFRE at all concentrations tested herein. BFRE (150 mg/kg) inhibited paw edema induced by BjuV (50 µg/animal), reducing total edema calculated by area under the curve, but carrageenan-induced paw edema was unchanged. Hemorrhagic and necrotizing actions of BjuV (50 µg/animal) were considerably decreased by BFRE treatment. Thus, BFRE blocked the toxic actions of B. jararacussu venom despite having no anti-inflammatory activity, which points to a direct inhibition of venom's toxins, as demonstrated in the in vitro assays. The larger amounts of rutin found in BFRE may play a role in this inhibition, since 3′,4′-OH flavonoids are known inhibitors of phospholipases A2.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Masculino , Ratas , Antivenenos/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Raíces de Plantas/química , Venenos de Crotálidos/antagonistas & inhibidores , Edema/tratamiento farmacológico , Hemorragia/etiología , Antivenenos/aislamiento & purificación , Bothrops , Venenos de Crotálidos/toxicidad , Polygalaceae/química , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Edema/etiología , Hemorragia/tratamiento farmacológicoRESUMEN
Bredemeyera floribunda roots are popularly used to treat snakebites in the semiarid region of Northeast Brazil, and previous studies indicate the anti-ophidian actions of triterpenoid saponins found in its roots. To assess B. floribunda root extract (BFRE) activity against the effects of Bothrops jararacussu venom (BjuV), antiphospholipasic, antiproteolytic, antihemorrhagic, antinecrotic, and anti-edematogenic activities were investigated in mice. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of saponins, flavonoids, and sugars, with rutin and saccharose being the major constituents of BFRE. Acute toxicity was determined and BFRE was nontoxic to mice. Phospholipase A2 and proteolytic activities induced by BjuV were inhibited in vitro by BFRE at all concentrations tested herein. BFRE (150 mg/kg) inhibited paw edema induced by BjuV (50 µg/animal), reducing total edema calculated by area under the curve, but carrageenan-induced paw edema was unchanged. Hemorrhagic and necrotizing actions of BjuV (50 µg/animal) were considerably decreased by BFRE treatment. Thus, BFRE blocked the toxic actions of B. jararacussu venom despite having no anti-inflammatory activity, which points to a direct inhibition of venom's toxins, as demonstrated in the in vitro assays. The larger amounts of rutin found in BFRE may play a role in this inhibition, since 3',4'-OH flavonoids are known inhibitors of phospholipases A2.
Asunto(s)
Antivenenos/farmacología , Venenos de Crotálidos/antagonistas & inhibidores , Edema/tratamiento farmacológico , Hemorragia/etiología , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Raíces de Plantas/química , Polygalaceae/química , Animales , Antivenenos/aislamiento & purificación , Bothrops , Venenos de Crotálidos/toxicidad , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Edema/etiología , Hemorragia/tratamiento farmacológico , Masculino , RatasRESUMEN
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a relevant disease in feline clinic. The tubulointerstitial damage, with collagen deposition and fibrosis, is an important result of this process. The aim of this study was to quantify and correlate the deposition of collagen and severity of interstitial fibrosis (IF) in the kidney from cats in different stages of CKD. Kidney fragments from 10 adult cats with CKD were analyzed and stained by Masson's trichrome (MT) and Picrosirius red (PSR) for circular polarized microscopy. Random quantitative analysis was performed on MT sections to classify the degree of IF, per field area, with and without circular polarization. Statistics correlations were performed by Spearman's (ρ; p < .05). There was a significant correlation of IF quantification with the area of interstitial collagen deposition by polarized PSR (PSRp) (r = .7939, p = .0098) and nonpolarized PSR (PSRn) (r = .7781, p = .0080). There was a positive correlation of serum creatinine (sCr) at different stages of CKD with PSRp (r = .7939, p = .0098), PSRn (r = .8667, p = .0027) and MT (r = .7818, p = .0117). Correlations between the percentage of quantified area was also positive from PSRp to PSRn (r = .9030, p = .0009) and PSRp to MT (r = .7939, p = .0098). The PSRN was also correlated with MT (r = .9273, p = .0001). The correlation with IF and sCr follows the disease evolution and the quantification of collagen by PSR is an excellent tool for analyzing the disease severity at different stages.
Asunto(s)
Compuestos Azo/química , Enfermedades de los Gatos/patología , Colágeno/análisis , Colorantes/química , Microscopía de Polarización/métodos , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/veterinaria , Animales , Enfermedades de los Gatos/diagnóstico , Gatos , Colágeno/ultraestructura , Creatinina/sangre , Femenino , Fibrosis , Riñón/química , Riñón/patología , Riñón/ultraestructura , Masculino , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/diagnóstico , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/patología , Índice de Severidad de la EnfermedadRESUMEN
Os autores estudam o padräo de normalidade para a audiometria do tronco cerebral e sua variaçäo em relaçäo à faixa etária. Foram selecionados 40 indivíduos de 9 a 59 anos de idade sem história pregressa de patologia otológica e com exame físico e audiometria tonal normal. Além do estudo médio das latências, conclui-se que o limiar ao B.E.R.A. aumenta com a idade em todas as curvas, apesar da audiometria tonal normal, e que as curvas I, III e V säo as mais consistentes e com valor clínico, e que a amplitude tem pouco valor prático