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This study aimed to evaluate body composition, sleep, precompetitive anxiety and dietary intake on the elite female gymnasts' performance prior to an international competition. Sixty-seven rhythmic gymnasts of high performance level were evaluated in relation to sport and training practice, body composition, sleep duration, daytime sleepiness by the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), sleep quality by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), precompetitive anxiety by the Sport Competition Anxiety Test form A (SCAT-A) and detailed dietary intake just before an international competition. Most gymnasts (67.2%) suffered from mild daytime sleepiness, 77.6% presented poor sleep quality and 19.4% presented high levels of precompetitive anxiety. The majority of gymnasts reported low energy availability (EA) and low intakes of important vitamins including folate, vitamins D, E and K; and minerals, including calcium, iron, boron and magnesium (p < .05). Gymnasts' performance was positively correlated with age (p = .001), sport practice (p = .024), number of daily training hours (p = .000), number of hours of training/week (p = .000), waist circumference (WC) (p = .008) and sleep duration (p = .005). However, it was negatively correlated with WC/hip circumference (p = .000), ESS (p = .000), PSQI (p = .042), SCAT-A (p = .002), protein g/kg (p = .028), EA (p = .002) and exercise energy expenditure (p = .000). High performance gymnasts presented poor sleep habits with consequences upon daytime sleepiness, sleep quality and low energy availability.

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BACKGROUND: PIDs are a heterogeneous group of genetic illnesses, and delay in their diagnosis is thought to be caused by a lack of awareness among physicians concerning PIDs. The latter is what we aimed to evaluate in Brazil. METHODS: Physicians working at general hospitals all over the country were asked to complete a 14-item questionnaire. One of the questions described 25 clinical situations that could be associated with PIDs and a score was created based on percentages of appropriate answers. RESULTS: A total of 4026 physicians participated in the study: 1628 paediatricians (40.4%), 1436 clinicians (35.7%), and 962 surgeons (23.9%). About 67% of the physicians had learned about PIDs in medical school or residency training, 84.6% evaluated patients who frequently took antibiotics, but only 40.3% of them participated in the immunological evaluation of these patients. Seventy-seven percent of the participating physicians were not familiar with the warning signs for PIDs. The mean score of correct answers for the 25 clinical situations was 48.08% (±16.06). Only 18.3% of the paediatricians, 7.4% of the clinicians, and 5.8% of the surgeons answered at least 2/3 of these situations appropriately. CONCLUSIONS: There is a lack of medical awareness concerning PIDs, even among paediatricians, who have been targeted with PID educational programmes in recent years in Brazil. An increase in awareness with regard to these disorders within the medical community is an important step towards improving recognition and treatment of PIDs

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Among the most common features of highly invasive tumors, such as lung adenocarcinomas (AD) and squamous cell carcinomas (SqCC), is the massive degradation of the extracellular matrix. The remarkable qualitative and quantitative modifications of hyaluronidases (HAases), hyaluronan synthases (HAS), E-cadherin adhesion molecules, and the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) may favor invasion, cellular motility, and proliferation. We examined HAase proteins (Hyal), HAS, E-cadherin, and TGF-β profiles in lung AD subtypes and SqCC obtained from smokers and non-smokers. Fifty-six patients, median age 64 years, who underwent lobectomy for AD (N = 31) and SqCC (N = 25) were included in the study. HAS-1, -2 and -3, and Hyal-1 and -3 were significantly more expressed by tumor cells than normal and stroma cells (P < 0.01). When stratified according to histologic types, HAS-3 and Hyal-1 immunoreactivity was significantly increased in tumor cells of AD (P = 0.01) and stroma of SqCC (P = 0.002), respectively. Tobacco history in patients with AD was significantly associated with increased HAS-3 immunoreactivity in tumor cells (P < 0.01). Stroma cells of SqCC from non-smokers presented a significant association with HAS-3 (P < 0.01). Hyal, HAS, E-cadherin, and TGF-β modulate a different tumor-induced invasive pathway in lung AD subgroups and SqCC. HAases in resected AD and SqCC were strongly related to the prognosis. Therefore, our findings suggest that strategies aimed at preventing high HAS-3 and Hyal-1 synthesis, or local responses to low TGF-β and E-cadherin, may have a greater impact in lung cancer prognosis.

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Este estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar la frecuencia de riesgo para desencadenar la depresión posparto, en puérperas internadas en la maternidad de un Hospital Universitario, a través de la aplicación de la escala Edinburgh Post-Natal Depression Scale (EPDS). Se trata de un estudio cuantitativo, exploratorio descriptivo. Participaran del estudio 53 puérperas en posparto inmediato en el período de abril a mayo de 2009. Fue aplicado un cuestionario elaborado con base en la escala EPDS. Los datos obtenidos a través de la aplicación de la escala fueran analizados e interpretados, a través de la estadística descriptiva. Se respetaron todas las determinaciones de la Resolución 196/96 de estudio con seres humanos. Los resultados señalaron que el riesgo de depresión posparto fue encontrado en seis puérperas (11%), lo que demuestra la importancia de los profesionales de la salud en realizar la detección precoz de la depresión posparto, teniendo como ayuda la escala EPDS, por la eficacia y practicidad de su aplicación (AU)

This study aimed to identify the frequency of risk to trigger postpartum depression in women interned in a Maternity Hospital, through the application of the scale Edinburgh Post-Natal Depression Scale (EPDS). It is a quantitative, exploratory and descriptive study. It included 53 postpartum women in the immediate postpartum period from April to May 2009. A questionnaire was developed based on the scale Edinburgh Post-Natal Depression Scale (EPDS). The obtained data through the application of the scale were analyzed and interpreted using descriptive statistics and taking into account all the provisions from the Resolution196/96 of the research with humans. The results showed that the risk of postpartum depression was found in six women (11%), which demonstrate the importance of health professionals to perform the early detection of postpartum depression, with the EPDS scale aid, the effectiveness’ and practicality of its implementation (AU)

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Este es un estudio teórico que tiene el objetivo de discutir las cuestiones de género incluidas en la violencia practicada contra las mujeres en el ámbito familiar. La discusión se basa en autores que abordan la temática violencia contra la mujer y su relación con las cuestiones de género, apoyada en Joan Scott y reflexionando sobre el trabajo del (la) enfermero (a), en lo que se refiere al cuidado de las mujeres en situaciones de violencia. Las cuestiones examinadas en este ensayo pueden ayudar a la reflexión de los profesionales sobre su práctica en la búsqueda del enfrentamiento de la violencia para prevenir que el ciclo se reproduzca en la familia (AU)

This is a theoretical study that aims to discuss the gender issues involved in violence against women within the family. The discussion is grounded in authors who address the issue of violence against women and its relation to gender issues, supported by Joan Scott and reflecting on the work of a nurse in relation to the care of women in situations of violence. The issues examined in this essay may help to reflect on the practice of professionals searching to confront violence in order to prevent the cycle being reproduced within the family (AU)

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1. The release of neurohypophysial hormones in response to carotid occlusion and haemorrhage has been studied in anaesthetized cats. Samples of jugular venous blood were extracted with alcohol and the extracts assayed for antidiuretic and milk-ejecting activity.2. The release of vasopressin in response to bilateral occlusion of the common carotid arteries has been confirmed in the cat; this effect was abolished when the sinus nerves were divided.3. Using a new sensitive preparation for the assay of milk-ejecting activity in blood extracts, it has been shown that no oxytocin accompanies the release of vasopressin during carotid occlusion.4. The independent release of vasopressin without oxytocin during haemorrhage has also been confirmed, and the role of the sinus nerves and vagi in this response investigated. Bilateral division of either nerve reduced the response, but the vagus appeared to be of greater importance than the sinus nerve.5. A reflex arc for the selective release of vasopressin has been proposed, of which the fibres of the sinus nerves and vagi form the afferent component and the neurones of the supraoptic nucleus the efferent component.

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