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Infection by SARS-CoV-2 is associated with uncontrolled inflammatory response during COVID-19 severe disease, in which monocytes are one of the main sources of pro-inflammatory mediators leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) from different cells play important roles during SARS-CoV-2 infection, but investigations describing the involvement of EVs from primary human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) on the regulation of this infection are not available. Here, we describe the effects of EVs released by MDM stimulated with the neuropeptides VIP and PACAP on SARS-CoV-2-infected monocytes. MDM-derived EVs were isolated by differential centrifugation of medium collected from cells cultured for 24 h in serum-reduced conditions. Based on morphological properties, we distinguished two subpopulations of MDM-EVs, namely large (LEV) and small EVs (SEV). We found that MDM-derived EVs stimulated with the neuropeptides inhibited SARS-CoV-2 RNA synthesis/replication in monocytes, protected these cells from virus-induced cytopathic effects and reduced the production of pro-inflammatory mediators. In addition, EVs derived from VIP- and PACAP-treated MDM prevented the SARS-CoV-2-induced NF-κB activation. Overall, our findings suggest that MDM-EVs are endowed with immunoregulatory properties that might contribute to the antiviral and anti-inflammatory responses in SARS-CoV-2-infected monocytes and expand our knowledge of EV effects during COVID-19 pathogenesis.

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Background: Flexibility is a component of functional capacity and is relevant in maintaining the musculature and structures adjacent to the joints. Then, the improvement of the flexibility must be a critical goal in the rehabilitation programs. By improving flexibility in knee osteoarthritis (KOA) individuals, the pain is relieved, the risk of injury is reduced, and the need for surgical interventions is delayed. We aimed to summarize the available literature on the influence of different physical exercise modalities on flexibility in older KOA individuals. Methods: This study followed the PRISMA statement and registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020195786). Seven databases (MEDLINE/PubMed; PEDro; CINAHL; Scopus; Web of Science; Embase; and SPORTDiscus) were screened for papers published prior to Sep 6, 2022. The PEDro scale, Cochrane collaborations, and ROBINS-I tools were used to evaluate the methodological quality and risk of bias. Results: Ten studies (including 438 participants diagnosed with KOA) fulfilled the eligibility criteria, and nine concluded that flexibility was improved after a physical exercise program. Conclusion: Despite the modality, physical exercise improves flexibility in older KOA individuals, improving the functional capacity. Health professionals engaged in KOA rehabilitation should use physical exercise as a strategy to improve the flexibility of this population.

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The objective of this work was to evaluate the in vitro activity of cinnamaldehyde as an inhibitor of the biological cycle of Ctenocephalides felis felis. Tests were carried out with six repetitions containing 10 eggs of C. felis felis together with 0.5g of diet and filter paper discs with area of 23.76 cm2 impregnated with different concentrations of cinnamaldehyde (6; 8; 10; 12; 14; 16; 18; 20; 24 and 28 µg.cm-2) in Petri dishes and incubated in a climate-controlled chamber at 27 ± 1 °C and RH 75 ± 10%, for 30 days. The tests included a placebo group containing the diluent (acetone) and a negative control group, without treatment. At the end of 30 days, the percentage of inhibition of adult emergence/mortality was calculated, as well as the LC50 and LC90. Inhibition of adult emergence greater than 50% was observed from a concentration of 10 µg.cm-2 and 100% inhibition from a concentration of 14 µg.cm-2, obtaining LC50 and LC90 results of 8.75 and 13.57 µg.cm-2, respectively. We concluded that the volatile compound cinnamaldehyde is effective in vitro as an inhibitor of the biological cycle of C. felis felis.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a atividade in vitro do cinamaldeído como inibidor do ciclo biológico de Ctenocephalides felis felis. Para realização do teste, seis repetições contendo 10 ovos de C. felis felis juntamente 0,5g de dieta e papel filtro de área 23,76 cm2 impregnado com diferentes concentrações de cinamaldeído (6; 8; 10; 12; 14; 16; 18; 20; 24 e 28 µg/cm2) foram armazenados em placas de petri e incubados em câmara climatizada à 27 ± 1°C e UR 75 ± 10%, por 30 dias. Além disso, o teste contou com um grupo placebo contendo o diluente (acetona) e um grupo controle negativo, sem tratamento. Ao final dos 30 dias, com os dados coletados foram calculados o percentual de inibição de emergência de adultos/mortalidade, como também a CL50 e CL90. Com os resultados, foi observado uma inibição de emergência de adultos superior a 50% a partir da concentração de 10 µg.cm-2 e uma inibição de 100% a partir da concentração 14 µg.cm-2 obtendo como resultados de CL50 e CL90 de 8,75 e 13,57 µg.cm-2, respectivamente. Conclui-se que o composto volátil cinamaldeído tem eficácia in vitro como inibidor do ciclo biológico de C. felis felis.

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Soil is one of the Earth's most important natural resources. The presence of metals can decrease environmental quality if present in excessive amounts. Analyzing soil metal contents can be costly and time consuming, but near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy coupled with chemometric tools can offer an alternative. The most important multivariate calibration method to predict concentrations or physical, chemical or physicochemical properties as a chemometric tool is partial least-squares (PLS) regression. However, a large number of irrelevant variables may cause problems of accuracy in the predictive chemometric models. Thus, stochastic variable-selection techniques, such as the Firefly algorithm by intervals in PLS (FFiPLS), can provide better solutions for specific problems. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of FFiPLS against deterministic PLS algorithms for the prediction of metals in river basin soils. The samples had their spectra collected from the region of 1000-2500 nm. Predictive models were then built from the spectral data, including PLS, interval-PLS (iPLS), successive projections algorithm for interval selection in PLS (iSPA-PLS), and FFiPLS. The chemometric models were built with raw data and preprocessed data by using different methods such as multiplicative scatter correction (MSC), standard normal variate (SNV), mean centering, adjustment of baseline and smoothing by the Savitzky-Golay method. The elliptical joint confidence region (EJCR) used in each chemometric model presented adequate fit. FFiPLS models of iron and titanium obtained a relative prediction deviation (RPD) of more than 2. The chemometric models for determination of aluminum obtained an RPD of more than 2 in the preprocessed data with SNV, MSC and baseline (offset + linear) and with raw data. The metals Be, Gd and Y failed to obtain adequate models in terms of residual prediction deviation (RPD). These results are associated with the low values of metals in the samples. Considering the complexity of the samples, the relative error of prediction (REP) obtained between 10 and 25% of the values adequate for this type of sample. Root mean square error of calibration and prediction (RMSEC and RMSEP, respectively) presented the same profile as the other quality parameters. The FFiPLS algorithm outperformed deterministic algorithms in the construction of models estimating the content of Al, Be, Gd and Y. This study produced chemometric models with variable selection able to determine metals in the Ipojuca River watershed soils using reflectance-mode NIR spectrometry.

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The objectives of this work were to investigate the occurrence of parasites in feces of cats, compare different coproparasitological techniques for their diagnosis and determine associations with parasitism. The samples were processed using three different coproparasitological techniques: centrifugal flotation in sucrose, centrifugal flotation in ZnSO4 and simple sedimentation. The parasitic association between parasitism and variables such as age, sex and fecal consistency was performed using the chi-square test or the G test with a significance level of 5%. A total of 237 samples were analyzed, of which 93 (39.2%) were positive, being Ancylostoma spp. (17.3%), Giardia intestinalis (12.2%), Platynosomum illiciens (8.0%), Cystoisospora spp. (6.3%), Toxoplasma gondii/ Hammondia hammondi (3.4%), Diphyllobothriidae (2.1%), Toxocara spp. (1.7%), Dipylidium caninum (1.3%) and Mesocestoides spp. (0.8%). In the parasitism association analysis, it was possible to verify a statistical difference in the age category for Cystoisospora spp. (p=0.001) observing a strong relationship between parasitism and young animals, the association with sex proved to be important for P. illiciens (p<0.001) with a higher frequency of parasitized females and fecal consistency revealed to be related to the parasites G. intestinalis (p=0.007) and P. illiciens (p=0.033) showing a higher number of positive animals for these parasites with normal fecal consistency. In conclusion, we observed a higher occurrence of Ancylostoma spp. and G. intestinalis in fecal samples from domestic cats received in routine diagnoses and the presence of other parasites with zoonotic potential, as well as the relationship of these diagnosed parasites with the categories sex, age and fecal consistency.

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Fasciolosis is a worldwide distribution zoonosis that causes great damage in ruminant breeding and has the aquatic mollusc Pseudosuccinea columella as an intermediate host. Synthetic molluscicides are the most used for control; however, they are harmful to fauna and flora. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of essential oils from Thymus vulgaris, Origanum vulgare, and terpene carvacrol, on adult molluscs and eggs of P. columella. Analysis of EO volatile components was carried out on a gas chromatograph equipment coupled with mass spectrometry selective detector. The studied components were diluted in concentrations of 10, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 ppm, and it was observed that O. vulgare at concentrations of 60, 80 and 100 ppm, carvacrol at the concentrations of 80 and 100 ppm, and T. vulgaris at a concentration of 80 ppm led to 100% mortality of molluscs. All concentrations the substances tested showed 100% ovicidal activity.

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Amblyomma rotundatum is a tick species commonly found on reptiles and amphibians. In Brazil, investigations of this ectoparasite have indicated its distribution across all Brazilian biomes, although it is concentrated in certain locations. In this context, the objective of the present study was to describe a case of parasitism by A. rotundatum in a red-footed tortoise (Chelonoidis carbonarius) in the state of Rio de Janeiro. A female red-footed tortoise (C. carbonarius), seized by the environmental police, was parasitized by a tick in the left periocular region. The tick was manually removed, preserved in 70º GL ethanol, and sent for identification at the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ). Based on the morphological evaluation Dantas-Torres et al. (2019), Barros-Battesti et al. (2006) and Lampo et al. (1997), a diagnosis of a female specimen of A. rotundatum was made. In conclusion, this study reports the first case of A. rotundatum parasitizing C. carbonarius in the state of Rio de Janeiro, highlighting the presence of periocular blepharitis associated with this parasitism.

Amblyomma rotundatum é uma espécie de carrapato comumente encontrada em répteis e anfíbios. No Brasil, as investigações desse ectoparasito indicam sua distribuição em todos os biomas brasileiros, embora concentrado em algumas localidades. Nesse contexto, o objetivo do presente estudo foi descrever um caso de parasitismo por A. rotundatum em jabuti-piranga (Chelonoidis carbonarius) no estado do Rio de Janeiro. Uma fêmea de jabuti-piranga (C. carbonarius), apreendida pela Polícia Ambiental, estava parasitada por carrapato na região periocular esquerda. O carrapato foi removido manualmente, preservado em etanol 70º GL e encaminhado para identificação na Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ). Com base na avaliação morfológica Dantas-Torres et al. (2019), Barros-Battesti et al. (2006) e Lampo et al. (1997), foi feito o diagnóstico de um espécime fêmea de A. rotundatum. Em conclusão, este estudo relata o primeiro caso de A. rotundatum parasitando C. carbonarius no estado do Rio de Janeiro, destacando a presença de blefarite periocular associada a este parasitismo.

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The objectives of this work were to investigate the occurrence of parasites in feces of cats, compare different coproparasitological techniques for their diagnosis and determine associations with parasitism. The samples were processed using three different coproparasitological techniques: centrifugal flotation in sucrose, centrifugal flotation in ZnSO4 and simple sedimentation. The parasitic association between parasitism and variables such as age, sex and fecal consistency was performed using the chi-square test or the G test with a significance level of 5%. A total of 237 samples were analyzed, of which 93 (39.2%) were positive, being Ancylostoma spp. (17.3%), Giardia intestinalis (12.2%), Platynosomum illiciens (8.0%), Cystoisospora spp. (6.3%), Toxoplasma gondii/ Hammondia hammondi (3.4%), Diphyllobothriidae (2.1%), Toxocara spp. (1.7%), Dipylidium caninum (1.3%) and Mesocestoides spp. (0.8%). In the parasitism association analysis, it was possible to verify a statistical difference in the age category for Cystoisospora spp. (p=0.001) observing a strong relationship between parasitism and young animals, the association with sex proved to be important for P. illiciens (p<0.001) with a higher frequency of parasitized females and fecal consistency revealed to be related to the parasites G. intestinalis (p=0.007) and P. illiciens (p=0.033) showing a higher number of positive animals for these parasites with normal fecal consistency. In conclusion, we observed a higher occurrence of Ancylostoma spp. and G. intestinalis in fecal samples from domestic cats received in routine diagnoses and the presence of other parasites with zoonotic potential, as well as the relationship of these diagnosed parasites with the categories sex, age and fecal consistency.(AU)

Os objetivos deste trabalho foram investigar a ocorrência de parasitos em fezes de gatos, comparar diferentes técnicas coproparasitológicas para o seu diagnóstico e determinar as associações com o parasitismo. As amostras foram processadas usando três diferentes técnicas coproparasitológicas: centrífugo-flutuação em sacarose, centrífugo-flutuação em ZnSO4 e sedimentação simples. A associação parasitária entre o parasitismo e variáveis, como idade, sexo e consistência fecal, foi realizada pelo teste de qui-quadrado ou teste de G com nível de significância de 5%. No total, foram analisadas 237 amostras, das quais 93 (39,2%) foram positivas, sendo diagnosticados os parasitos Ancylostoma spp. (17,3%), Giardia intestinalis (12,2%), Platynosomum illiciens (8,0%), Cystoisospora spp. (6,3%), Toxoplasma gondii/ Hammondia hammondi (3,4%), Diphyllobothriidae (2,1%), Toxocara spp. (1,7%), Dipylidium caninum (1,3%) e Mesocestoides spp. (0,8%). Na análise de associação entre o parasitismo e as outras variáveis, foi possível verificar diferença estatística na categoria idade para Cystoisospora spp. (p=0,001), observando forte relação entre o parasitismo e animais jovens. A associação com o sexo demonstrou ser importante para P. illiciens (p<0,001), com maior frequência de fêmeas parasitadas. E a consistência fecal revelou ter relação com os parasitos G. intestinalis (p=0,007) e P. illiciens (p=0,033), com maior frequência de fezes com consistência normal nos animais positivos para esses parasitos. Em conclusão, foi observada uma maior ocorrência de Ancylostoma spp. e G. intestinalis em amostras fecais de gatos domésticos, recebidas em diagnósticos de rotina e a presença de outros parasitos com potencial zoonótico, como também, a relação desses parasitos diagnosticados com as categorias sexo, idade e consistência fecal.(AU)

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BACKGROUND: Inflammation is considered to be a vital defense mechanism for health, acting as a protective response of the immune system through a satisfactory inflammatory biomarker response (IBR). IBR, as well as being beneficial to the organism, can be also responsible for a variety of chronic inflammatory diseases. Whole-body vibration (WBV) exercise is a type of physical exercise that can act on inflammation responses due its capacity for stimulating the sensory components that promote systemic responses. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of WBV on IBR in different clinical status. METHODS: This is a systematic review that includes randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the effects of WBV exercise on IBR. The methodological quality, risk of bias, and level of evidence were rated. RESULTS: Four RCTs met the selection criteria. The studies showed benefits associated with IBR (e.g., cytokines, adipokines, and C-reactive protein) in various clinical conditions, including healthy populations and some chronic diseases (such as obesity, aging disorders, and knee osteoarthritis), using several WBV protocols. CONCLUSIONS: WBV might be useful in the management of inflammatory conditions.

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Over the past decades, lands alongside Gurguéia River have witnessed rapid expansion of soybean agriculture which has increased soil degradation and affected nutrient concentration in sediment, especially phosphorus (P). The present study aimed to quantify the P concentration in soils under different land uses (i.e., croplands, grasslands, and cerrado) and fluvial sediments (suspended sediment, channel bank, and riverbed sediments), assessing pollution over the main watercourse in cerrado biome Gurguéia watershed, located in Piauí State, Brazil. In total, 136 composite soil samples at a depth of 0-5 cm, under different land uses, as well as 51 composite fluvial sediment samples were collected over the watershed. The land use change from native cerrado had resulted in an increase of total phosphorus (TP) whose concentration was higher in cropland areas, followed by suspended sediment, channel bank, and riverbed sediments. This high concentration in cropland areas resulted from phosphate fertilizer inputs. The transfer of phosphorus to water bodies was evidenced, since an increase of TP was observed in suspended sediment, channel bank and riverbed  sediments. Mineralogical signatures in sediments were identified by X-ray diffraction analysis which showed the occurrence of kaolinite, illite, smectite, iron oxides, and other minerals in lesser proportions. The presence of 1:1 minerals was higher in riverbed sediments and downstream sampling points, while 2:1 minerals were present in higher proportions in suspended sediment and channel bank sediment, as well as at the upstream and middle sampling points. This finding shows that land use change from cerrado to cropland due to soybean agriculture expansion might increase P discharges from terrestrial to aquatic environments, with sediments being the major carrier of this element.

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Soil parental material is one of the main factors that influence pedogenesis. Several studies evaluated the relationship between the parent material and soil chemistry, but few studies have assessed such a relationship in semi-arid tropical regions. This investigation was carried out to assess the effect of different parent materials on the chemical composition and available concentrations of macronutrients and micronutrients, including potentially toxic elements (Cd, Cr, Ni, and Pb) in soils in a semi-arid tropical setting. The chemical composition of the soils inherited the geochemical signature of their parent materials. Quartz sandstones, augen gneisses, and peraluminous granites exhibited the lowest reservoirs of plant nutrients and formed sandy, acid, and infertile soils. On the other hand, alkaline soils and soils with high concentrations of nutrients formed on ultramafic rocks (harzburgite), marble, and anorthosite. The pH, clay content, and CEC were the main attributes of the soils governing the availability of macro and micronutrients. The low soil organic carbon contents did not influence the availability of the nutrients. The parent material also influenced the soil texture. Parent materials that are richer in silica formed more sandy soils. The availability of Cd, Cr, and Pb in soils was low; however, the elevated Ni concentrations of soils derived from ultramafic rocks may pose risks to the environment and human health. Cluster and discriminant analyses were used to discriminate the natural fertility of soils. These results are useful for the agro-pedological zoning of the Brazilian semi-arid tropical region and for land use planning.

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Establishing quality reference values (QRVs) for rare earth elements (REEs) in soils is essential for the screening of these emergent contaminants. Currently, Brazil has the second-largest reserve of REEs, but data regarding background concentrations and distributions in soils remain scarce. The aim of this study was to establish the QRVs and assess the spatial distribution of REEs in soils, including REE fractionations and anomalies in (Piauí) state (251,529.186 km2), northeastern Brazil. This study reports the most detailed data on REE geochemistry in Brazilian soils. A total of 243 composite soil samples was collected at 0-20 cm depth. The mean background concentrations in soils followed the abundance of the earth's upper crust: Ce > La > Nd > Pr > Sm > Dy > Gd > Er > Yb > Eu > Tb > Lu. The ∑REEs (mg kg-1) showed the following order based on the individual mesoregions of Piauí state: Southeast (262.75) > North and Central-North (89.68) > Southwest (40.33). The highest QRVs were observed in the Southeast mesoregion. The establishment of QRVs based on the mesoregion scale improves data representativeness and the monitoring of natural REE values by identifying hot spots. Geostatistical modeling indicated significant local variability, especially in the Southeast mesoregion. The levels of these elements in this spatial zone are naturally higher than the other values across Piauí state and the mesoregion itself and indicate a high potential to exceed the QRVs. Our approach provides much needed data to help strengthen policies for both human health and environmental protection.

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The objective of this study was to provide the first report of resistance of Haemonchus contortus to monepantel in sheep in Espírito Santo. The study was conducted in a property with history of monepantel use since 2014 and register of low efficacy in studies conducted over the past few years with fecal egg count reduction test. Lambs born on the property (males and females aged approximately 100 days) were selected and after eggs per gram of feces (EPG) analysis on fecal samples, these were divided into two groups: a group treated with monepantel (2.5 mg / Kg) and a control group without anthelmintic treatment. Seven days later, the animals were euthanized to recover parasites from the gastrointestinal tract. The efficacy of the treatment was 61.35% against H. contortus, thus proving that anthelmintic resistance to monepantel was present.

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This study aims to determine the concentration of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) and rare earth elements (REEs) in Brazilian sandy soils under the Cerrado at the Parnaíba-São Francisco Basin transition. We also explored the geochemical correlation between these elements and pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), total organic carbon (TOC), sand, clay, oxides from secondary minerals, and chemical index of alteration for each basin. Mineralogical, physical, and chemical analyses were used to examine PTE and REE geochemistry in six sand soil profiles from the Brazilian Cerrado. The background concentrations of these elements are low, but soils from the Parnaíba Basin have higher concentrations of PTEs than soils from the São Francisco Basin. In soils from the Parnaíba Basin, mainly Al2O3 has relevance in the V and Cr geochemistry, as these elements increase with increasing Al2O3 content. On the other hand, the REEs have CEC as a soil attribute of higher relevance in the geochemistry of those elements is soils from the Parnaíba Basin, and this relevance divides the TOC, Fe2O3, and TiO2 minerals from the clay fraction. In soils from the São Francisco Basin, the geochemistry of PTEs is possibly associated with kaolinite, especially Cu, V, and Zn. In contrast, the Ba concentration was associated with the presence of feldspar. Unlike soils from the Parnaíba Basin, the REEs do not correlate with the studied soil attributes, except for Ho and Lu. Ho had a positive association with Al2O3. Ho and Lu are negatively related to the presence of iron oxides.

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The city of Guarapari, known as "Healthy City", has as its main tourist attraction radioactive sands known as monazite sands. There are many studies aimed at quantifying radiation, but little is known about an influence of radiation levels on the life cycle of parasites with zoonotic potential, since many owners take their animals to beaches facilitating a maintenance of their cycle. The objective of the present work was to evaluate the association of the sand radiation of the beaches of the municipality of Guarapari and the presence of eggs and larvae of zoonotic potential parasites. To determine the influence of the radiation on the parasites, sand and faeces samples were collected from the beaches of Praia do Morro, Areia Preta, Castanheiras, Setiba and Santa Mônica, and how to analyze, use the simple centrifugal-flotation technique. The beaches of the present study were classified as low, medium and high radioactivity according to the dose limits that a human being can receive. The samples of sand and faeces were grouped according to a classification of the beaches where they were collected as samples. After obtaining the result, a Chi-square statistical test was performed at a significance level of 95% to evaluate an association between radiation classes and parasite presence. In general, monazitic sands have an influence on the maintenance of the cycle of zoonotic parasites found in beach sand, their correlation being inversely proportional.

O município de Guarapari, balneário conhecido por "Cidade Saúde", possui como principal atrativo turístico as areias radioativas conhecidas como areias monazíticas. Há muitos estudos direcionados a quantificação da radiação, mas pouco se sabe sobre a influência dos níveis de radiação sobre o ciclo de vida dos parasitos com potencial zoonótico, uma vez que muitos proprietários levam seus animais as praias, facilitando a manutenção desses ciclos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a associação da radiação da areia monazítica das praias do município de Guarapari e a presença de ovos e larvas de parasitos de potencial zoonótico. Para determinar a influência da radiação sobre os parasitos, coletou-se amostras da Praia do Morro, Areia Preta, Castanheiras, Setiba e Santa Mônica, a partir de areias e de fezes, para a análise utilizou a técnica de centrifugo-flutuação simples. As praias deste estudo foram classificadas em baixa, média e alta radioatividade de acordo com as doses limites que um ser humano pode receber. As amostras de areia e fezes foram agrupadas de acordo com a classificação das praias onde foram recolhidas as amostras. Após obtenção do resultado, foi feito teste estatístico Qui-quadrado a um nível de significância de 95% para avaliar a associação entre as classes de radiação e a presença dos parasitos. Em geral, as areias monazíticas têm influência na manutenção do ciclo de parasitas zoonóticos encontrados na areia da praia, sendo sua correlação inversamente proporcional.

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Environmental impacts caused by the addition of rare earth elements (REEs) to agricultural soils are a growing concern. The sedimentary basin of the Gurguéia River is located in one of the last agricultural frontiers in Brazil; nevertheless, data regarding quality reference values (QRVs) for REEs in soils are still scarce. The objective of this study was therefore to determine the natural concentration and establish the QRVs of REEs in soils of Gurguéia watershed, Brazil. Fifty-five composite soil samples were collected at sites under no or minimal anthropic interference. The average REE natural concentrations in soils from the Gurguéia watershed were lower than those found in other regions of Brazil and worldwide, following the order (mg kg−1): Ce (14.01) > Nd (6.19) > La (5.52) > Pr (2.51) > Sm (1.45) > Gd (0.93) > Dy (0.63) > Er (0.42) > Yb (0.39) > Tb (0.28) > Eu (0.26) > Lu (0.20). The parent material was the main factor that controlled the distribution of REEs in soils. The QRVs in soils followed the order (mg kg−1): Ce (18.8) > Nd (7.92) > La (6.32) > Pr (3.3) > Sm (1.97) > Gd (1.35) > Dy (0.85) > Er (0.55) > Yb (0.47) > Tb (0.37) > Lu (0.25). These values serve as a basis to assist the development of legislation, including REE thresholds for Brazilian soils.(AU)

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ABSTRACT: Environmental impacts caused by the addition of rare earth elements (REEs) to agricultural soils are a growing concern. The sedimentary basin of the Gurguéia River is located in one of the last agricultural frontiers in Brazil; nevertheless, data regarding quality reference values (QRVs) for REEs in soils are still scarce. The objective of this study was therefore to determine the natural concentration and establish the QRVs of REEs in soils of Gurguéia watershed, Brazil. Fifty-five composite soil samples were collected at sites under no or minimal anthropic interference. The average REE natural concentrations in soils from the Gurguéia watershed were lower than those found in other regions of Brazil and worldwide, following the order (mg kg1): Ce (14.01) > Nd (6.19) > La (5.52) > Pr (2.51) > Sm (1.45) > Gd (0.93) > Dy (0.63) > Er (0.42) > Yb (0.39) > Tb (0.28) > Eu (0.26) > Lu (0.20). The parent material was the main factor that controlled the distribution of REEs in soils. The QRVs in soils followed the order (mg kg1): Ce (18.8) > Nd (7.92) > La (6.32) > Pr (3.3) > Sm (1.97) > Gd (1.35) > Dy (0.85) > Er (0.55) > Yb (0.47) > Tb (0.37) > Lu (0.25). These values serve as a basis to assist the development of legislation, including REE thresholds for Brazilian soils.

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Environmental impacts caused by the addition of rare earth elements (REEs) to agricultural soils are a growing concern. The sedimentary basin of the Gurguéia River is located in one of the last agricultural frontiers in Brazil; nevertheless, data regarding quality reference values (QRVs) for REEs in soils are still scarce. The objective of this study was therefore to determine the natural concentration and establish the QRVs of REEs in soils of Gurguéia watershed, Brazil. Fifty-five composite soil samples were collected at sites under no or minimal anthropic interference. The average REE natural concentrations in soils from the Gurguéia watershed were lower than those found in other regions of Brazil and worldwide, following the order (mg kg−1): Ce (14.01) > Nd (6.19) > La (5.52) > Pr (2.51) > Sm (1.45) > Gd (0.93) > Dy (0.63) > Er (0.42) > Yb (0.39) > Tb (0.28) > Eu (0.26) > Lu (0.20). The parent material was the main factor that controlled the distribution of REEs in soils. The QRVs in soils followed the order (mg kg−1): Ce (18.8) > Nd (7.92) > La (6.32) > Pr (3.3) > Sm (1.97) > Gd (1.35) > Dy (0.85) > Er (0.55) > Yb (0.47) > Tb (0.37) > Lu (0.25). These values serve as a basis to assist the development of legislation, including REE thresholds for Brazilian soils.

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Abstract The objective of this study was to provide the first report of resistance of Haemonchus contortus to monepantel in sheep in Espírito Santo. The study was conducted in a property with history of monepantel use since 2014 and register of low efficacy in studies conducted over the past few years with fecal egg count reduction test. Lambs born on the property (males and females aged approximately 100 days) were selected and after eggs per gram of feces (EPG) analysis on fecal samples, these were divided into two groups: a group treated with monepantel (2.5 mg / Kg) and a control group without anthelmintic treatment. Seven days later, the animals were euthanized to recover parasites from the gastrointestinal tract. The efficacy of the treatment was 61.35% against H. contortus, thus proving that anthelmintic resistance to monepantel was present.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi fornecer o primeiro relato de resistência de Haemonchus contortus ao monepantel em ovinos no Espírito Santo. O estudo foi conduzido em uma propriedade com histórico de uso de monepantel, desde 2014, e registro de baixa eficácia em estudos conduzidos nos últimos anos, utilizando-se testes de redução de contagem de ovos por grama de fezes (OPG). Cordeiros nascidos na propriedade (machos e fêmeas com idade aproximada de 100 dias) foram selecionados e, após contagem de OPG, foram divididos em dois grupos: um grupo tratado com monepantel (2,5 mg / kg) e um grupo controle, sem tratamento com anti-helmíntico. Após 7 dias, os animais foram eutanasiados para a recuperação dos parasitos no trato gastrointestinal. O tratamento apresentou eficácia de 61,35% para H. contortus, comprovando que a resistência anti-helmíntica ao monepantel foi presente.

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The background concentration of potentially toxic elements (PTE) in soils is influenced by the parent material composition and soil forming processes. The soil natural concentration of PTE is a first step to establish regulatory levels for the monitoring of these elements in soils suspected of contamination. In the present study, we performed a natural background concentration survey of PTE in soils of the Piauí state, Brazil. The study provides the basis for establishing soil quality reference values (QRVs) for a large area (over 251,000 km2) with different pedological features. A total of 262 geo-referenced soil samples (0.0-0.2 m) were collected in areas relatively undisturbed by human activity. The concentrations of Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, V, and Zn were determined by ICP-OES. Univariate statistical methods and multivariate exploratory techniques were used to understand the relationship between soil characteristics, geological features, and PTE concentrations in soils. The mean background concentrations of PTE in the soils were generally lower than those reported in other countries and/or other Brazilian states, and followed the order: Fe > Ba > V > Cr > Cu > Pb > Zn > Ni > Pb > Co > Mo > Sb > Cd. The main factors governing the concentrations of PTE in soils were the parent material and the soil texture. The different geological features in the study area influenced the spatial distribution of PTE and divided the state into three regions presenting low, high, and intermediate values. Given this geological and pedological complexity, we proposed establishing three sets of QRV rather than a single QRV for the whole state to avoid misinterpretation regarding the investigation of areas suspected of contamination. This background concentration survey contains a wealth of information that provides the basis for the soil guideline values in the state and supports future research on the impact of anthropogenic activities in soil contamination.

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