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As leveduras são fungos de importância à medicina veterinária por causarem doenças infecciosas em diferentes hospedeiros animais. A presente revisão de literatura teve como objetivo relatar os principais testes bioquímicos capazes de auxiliar na identificação de fungos leveduriformes de interesse veterinário e zoonótico. Para o levantamento bibliográfico, foram consideradas 48 publicações científicas selecionadas na área e indexadas nas principais bases de dados, entre os anos de 1988 e 2020. Como resultados, observou-se que oito provas são as mais empregadas na rotina micológica. Devido à baixa variabilidade morfológica das espécies leveduriformes, testes bioquímicos complementares são fundamentais na rotina laboratorial. A análise do perfil bioquímico de leveduras contribui na determinação taxonômica dos fungos a partir de reações químicas, visto que o metabolismo varia de acordo com a espécie, resultando em metabólitos distintos, os quais podem ser avaliados por diferentes provas. Conclui-se que a identificação fenotípica das leveduras é imprescindível no diagnóstico, prognóstico, tratamento e controle de doenças fúngicas e contribui para a manutenção da saúde animal.(AU)

Yeasts are fungi of importance to veterinary medicine because they cause infectious diseases in different animal hosts. This literature review aimed to report the main biochemical tests capable of assisting in the identification of yeast-like fungi of veterinary and zoonotic interest. For the bibliographical survey, 48 selected scientific publications in the area and indexed in the main databases, between the years 1988 and 2020, were considered. As a result, it was observed that eight tests are the most used in the mycological routine. Due to the low morphological variability of yeast species, complementary biochemical tests are fundamental in the laboratory routine. The analysis of the biochemical profile of yeast contributes to the taxonomic determination of fungi based on chemical reactions, since the metabolism varies according to the species, resulting in different metabolites, which can be evaluated by different tests. It is concluded that the phenotypic identification of yeasts is essential in the diagnosis, prognosis, treatment and control of fungal diseases and contributes to the maintenance of animal health.(AU)

Las levaduras son hongos de importancia para la medicina veterinaria porque causan enfermedades infecciosas en diferentes animales huéspedes. Esta revisión de la literatura tuvo como objetivo informar las principales pruebas bioquímicas capaces de ayudar en la identificación de hongos tipo levadura de interés veterinario y zoonótico. Para el levantamiento bibliográfico se consideraron 48 publicaciones científicas seleccionadas en el área e indexadas en las principales bases de datos, entre los años 1988 y 2020. Como resultado se observó que ocho pruebas son las más utilizadas en la rutina micológica. Debido a la baja variabilidad morfológica de las especies de levaduras, las pruebas bioquímicas complementarias son fundamentales en la rutina del laboratorio. El análisis del perfil bioquímico de la levadura contribuye a la determinación taxonómica de los hongos en base a reacciones químicas, ya que el metabolismo varía según la especie, dando como resultado diferentes metabolitos, los cuales pueden ser evaluados mediante diferentes pruebas. Se concluye que la identificación fenotípica de levaduras es fundamental en el diagnóstico, pronóstico, tratamiento y control de enfermedades fúngicas y contribuye al mantenimiento de la salud animal.(AU)

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Wild animals can be natural reservoirs of different microorganisms, essential for monitoring these pathogens for the generation of knowledge and creation of tools aimed at programs for the prevention and control of infectious diseases, including zoonoses. The objective was to report the fungal diversity in the skin of pacas in captivity in Acre, Western Amazon, Brazil. Twenty-six animals were evaluated, from which skin samples were collected by superficial scraping, hair avulsion, and sterile plastic brush. The samples were seeded on Mycosel agar, and the phenotypic characteristics of the colonies were analyzed. In 80.8% of the samples, different fungi were isolated, from the genera Candida, Microsporum,and Trichophyton, among others. This is the first description of the identification of fungi in the skin of pacas and suggests that these animals can be considered essential reservoirs of saprophytic or pathogenic microorganisms with zoonotic potential in the Western Amazon.(AU)

Animais silvestres podem ser reservatórios naturais de diferentes microrganismos, sendo fundamental o monitoramento destes patógenos para a geração de conhecimento e criação de ferramentas direcionadas a programas de prevenção e controle de enfermidades infecciosas, incluindo as zoonoses. Assim, objetivou-se relatar a diversidade fúngica da pele de pacas criadas em cativeiro no Acre, Amazônia Ocidental, Brasil. Foram avaliados 26 animais, dos quais amostras cutâneas foram colhidas por raspagem superficial, avulsão pilosa e escova plástica estéril. As amostras foram semeadas em ágar Mycosel e as características fenotípicas das colônias foram analisadas. Em 80,8% das amostras houve isolamento de diferentes fungos, dos gêneros Candida, Microsporum e Trichophyton, dentre outros. Esta é a primeira descrição da identificação de fungos na pele de pacas e sugere que estes animais podem ser considerados importantes reservatórios de microrganismos saprófitas ou patogênicos, de potencial zoonótico, na Amazônia Ocidental.(AU)

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The objective was to report an outbreak of tick-borne disease (TBD) on riverside property in the Western Amazon. The death of 25 Nellore cattle was reported on a rural property on the banks of the Purus River, state of Acre. The producer observed animals with staggering walking, drop in productivity, weight loss and evolution to death in approximately 30 days. Fifteen animals from the same batch were selected for clinical evaluation and the ear tip was punctured for hemoparasite research, in addition to blood collection for hematological, biochemical and molecular evaluation. The main laboratory findings were leukocytosis, thrombocytopenia, hypoproteinemia, elevated creatine kinase and reduced urea, creatinine and albumin, as well as visualization of forms suggestive of Anaplasma spp. in 13.33% of the samples. Through PCR, 20% positivity was observed for Anaplasmamarginale and 53.33% for Babesia sp. Hematological and biochemical changes, although highly suggestive, may suffer changes from other factors not related to TBD. Therefore, the presumptive identification of the etiological agent in the blood or confirmatory by molecular methods is essential in the diagnosis. Depending on the stage of the disease, low parasitemia occurs, making it difficult to see hemoparasites in blood smears. The Babesia sp. was the main agent of the outbreak of TBD in the population evaluated, which, when associated with early clinical and laboratory diagnosis, results in adequate therapeutic direction and prophylactic measures, promoting a balance between host, agent and vector.

Objetivou-se relatar um surto de tristeza parasitária bovina (TPB) em propriedade ribeirinha na Amazônia Ocidental. Foi notificado o óbito de 25 bovinos da raça Nelore, em uma propriedade rural às margens do rio Purus, estado do Acre. O produtor observou animais com andar cambaleante, queda na produtividade, perda de peso e evolução ao óbito em aproximadamente 30 dias. Quinze animais do mesmo lote foram selecionados para avaliação clínica e foi procedida a punção a ponta de orelha para pesquisa de hemoparasitos, além da coleta de sangue para avaliação hematológica, bioquímica e molecular. Os principais achados laboratoriais foram anemia, leucocitose, trombocitopenia, hipoproteinemia, elevação da creatina quinase e redução de ureia, creatinina e albumina, além da visualização de formas sugestivas de Anaplasma spp. em 13,33% das amostras. Por meio da PCR, foi observado 20% de positividade para Anaplasma marginale e 53,33% para Babesia sp. As alterações hematológicas e bioquímicas, embora bastante sugestivas, podem sofrer alterações de outros fatores não relacionados à TPB. Por isso, a identificação presuntiva do agente etiológico no sangue ou confirmatória por métodos moleculares é essencial no diagnóstico. A depender da fase da doença, ocorre baixa parasitemia, dificultando a visualização de hemoparasitos em esfregaços sanguíneos. A Babesia sp. foi o principal agente do surto de TPB na população avaliada, que, quando associado ao diagnóstico clínico e laboratorial precoce, resulta no direcionamento terapêutico adequado e medidas profiláticas, promovendo uma relação de equilíbrio entre hospedeiro, agente e vetor.

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The objective was to report an outbreak of tick-borne disease (TBD) on riverside property in the Western Amazon. The death of 25 Nellore cattle was reported on a rural property on the banks of the Purus River, state of Acre. The producer observed animals with staggering walking, drop in productivity, weight loss and evolution to death in approximately 30 days. Fifteen animals from the same batch were selected for clinical evaluation and the ear tip was punctured for hemoparasite research, in addition to blood collection for hematological, biochemical and molecular evaluation. The main laboratory findings were leukocytosis, thrombocytopenia, hypoproteinemia, elevated creatine kinase and reduced urea, creatinine and albumin, as well as visualization of forms suggestive of Anaplasma spp. in 13.33% of the samples. Through PCR, 20% positivity was observed for Anaplasma marginale and 53.33% for Babesia sp. Hematological and biochemical changes, although highly suggestive, may suffer changes from other factors not related to TBD. Therefore, the presumptive identification of the etiological agent in the blood or confirmatory by molecular methods is essential in the diagnosis. Depending on the stage of the disease, low parasitemia occurs, making it difficult to see hemoparasites in blood smears. The Babesia sp. was the main agent of the outbreak of TBD in the population evaluated, which

RESUMEN

ABSTRACT: The efficiency of the disinfectants used in the milking management is fundamental to the success in the dairy activity, being a critical point to the control of mastitis. The objective was to evaluate the in vitro efficacy of iodine used in pre and post-dipping against coagulase negative Staphylococcus (CNS). Thus, 53 CNS isolates were studied for the action of the 1.0% disinfectant and their serial dilutions of 0.5%, 0.375% and 0.25%, in addition to two commercial presentations of iodine in concentrations of 0.5% and 0.25%. The rate of CNS inhibition achieved by iodine at 0.375%, 0.5% and 1.0% for 60 seconds, was 60.4%. In 30 seconds, iodine at 0.5% and 1.0% showed a microbial inhibition rate of 52.8% and 56.6%, respectively. The other protocols tested were less efficient. It is concluded that the greatest in vitro disinfectant activity for CNS was demonstrated by iodine at 0.375%, 0.5% and 1.0%, for 60 seconds. Microbial susceptibility tests should be carried out periodically, as well as health education practices and corrective training on the property, in order to ensure udder health and mastitis control.

RESUMO: A eficiência dos desinfetantes empregados no manejo de ordenha é fundamental no sucesso na atividade leiteira, sendo um ponto crítico ao controle da mastite. Objetivou-se avaliar a eficácia in vitro do iodo utilizado no pré e pós-dipping frente à Staphylococcus coagulase negativa (SCN). Foram estudados 53 isolados de SCN quanto à ação do desinfetante a 1,0% e suas diluições seriadas de 0,5%, 0,375% e 0,25%, além de duas apresentações comerciais nas concentrações de 0,5% e 0,25%. A taxa de inibição de SCN alcançada pelo iodo a 0,375%, 0,5% e 1,0% durante 60 segundos, foi de 60,4%. Em 30 segundos, o iodo a 0,5% e 1,0% apresentaram taxa de inibição microbiana de 52,8% e 56,6%, respectivamente. Os demais protocolos testados foram menos eficientes. Conclui-se que a maior atividade desinfetante in vitro para SCN foi demonstrada pelo iodo a 0,375%, 0,5% e 1,0%, durante 60 segundos. Testes de susceptibilidade microbiana devem ser realizados periodicamente, assim como práticas de educação em saúde e treinamentos corretivos na propriedade, visando garantir a saúde do úbere e o controle da mastite.

RESUMEN

The efficiency of the disinfectants used in the milking management is fundamental to the success in the dairy activity, being a critical point to the control of mastitis. The objective was to evaluate the in vitro efficacy of iodine used in pre and post-dipping against coagulase negative Staphylococcus (CNS). Thus, 53 CNS isolates were studied for the action of the 1.0% disinfectant and their serial dilutions of 0.5%, 0.375% and 0.25%, in addition to two commercial presentations of iodine in concentrations of 0.5% and 0.25%. The rate of CNS inhibition achieved by iodine at 0.375%, 0.5% and 1.0% for 60 seconds, was 60.4%. In 30 seconds, iodine at 0.5% and 1.0% showed a microbial inhibition rate of 52.8% and 56.6%, respectively. The other protocols tested were less efficient. It is concluded that the greatest in vitro disinfectant activity for CNS was demonstrated by iodine at 0.375%, 0.5% and 1.0%, for 60 seconds. Microbial susceptibility tests should be carried out periodically, as well as health education practices and corrective training on the property, in order to ensure udder health and mastitis control.(AU)

A eficiência dos desinfetantes empregados no manejo de ordenha é fundamental no sucesso na atividade leiteira, sendo um ponto crítico ao controle da mastite. Objetivou-se avaliar a eficácia in vitro do iodo utilizado no pré e pós-dipping frente à Staphylococcus coagulase negativa (SCN). Foram estudados 53 isolados de SCN quanto à ação do desinfetante a 1,0% e suas diluições seriadas de 0,5%, 0,375% e 0,25%, além de duas apresentações comerciais nas concentrações de 0,5% e 0,25%. A taxa de inibição de SCN alcançada pelo iodo a 0,375%, 0,5% e 1,0% durante 60 segundos, foi de 60,4%. Em 30 segundos, o iodo a 0,5% e 1,0% apresentaram taxa de inibição microbiana de 52,8% e 56,6%, respectivamente. Os demais protocolos testados foram menos eficientes. Conclui-se que a maior atividade desinfetante in vitro para SCN foi demonstrada pelo iodo a 0,375%, 0,5% e 1,0%, durante 60 segundos. Testes de susceptibilidade microbiana devem ser realizados periodicamente, assim como práticas de educação em saúde e treinamentos corretivos na propriedade, visando garantir a saúde do úbere e o controle da mastite.(AU)

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Background: Canine reactive cutaneous histiocytosis (RCH) is an immuneproliferative disease of skin histiocytes and is uncommon in occurrence. Its description in the literature is scarce and clinical studies are limited by the insufficient characterization of the patients pathological findings. The objective of this report is to describe the clinical, histological and immunohistochemical findings of a case of canine reactive cutaneous histiocytosis in the state of Acre, Amazonia, Brazil. Case: It was attended at the Federal University of Acre, a 7-year-old male American pit bull terrier dog with nodular, allopecic and ulcerated lesions in the dorsal region of the ear, with purulent discharge and exacerbated painful tenderness. The animal was domiciled on the bank of the river Acre, municipality of Rio Branco, state of Acre, and suffered frequent parasitism by sandflies, especially in the head region. In the histopathological evaluation, hyperplastic cells were found, a large ulcerated area with the presence of fibrin and neutrophilic infiltrate in the epidermis. In the dermal layer, an inflammatory reaction pattern was identified, with the presence of fibrous connective tissue, dilated blood vessels and edema, however little defined. There was an intense presence of histiocytes with anisocytosis, in addition to neutrophils, plasma cells and lymphocytes in the perivascular and perianexal region. In immunohistochemistry, lysozyme and cell markers CD1a and Thy1 were detected, but negative result for E-cadherin and CD11d. The immunosuppressive therapy indicated with prednisolone, plus cephalexin for secondary infections and topical treatment, with clinical remission within two years. Discussion: Although the etiopathogenesis of RCH is poorly understood, it is believed that, in addition to the genetic factor, the disease is triggered by an antigenic trigger...(AU)

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Lentivirosis of small ruminants (LVPR) are chronic and degenerative infectious diseases, caused by Lentivirus, associated with numerous losses such as: drop in meat and milk production, predisposition to secondary infections, expenses with veterinary assistance and, even, early disposal of animals. In the northern region of Brazil, the epidemiological situation is poorly understood. Thus, this study aimed to determine the seropositivity of sheep for Lentivirus in Porto Acre city, Western Amazon, Brazil. 122 blood samples from sheep were collected and as a diagnostic method, agarose gel immunodiffusion was used, using the p28 protein of the capsid as antigen. The seropositivity of the sheep to the test was 8.2% (10/122). In 80% (4/5) of the investigated properties, the presence of seropositive animals was detected. It is worth noting that the acquisition of small ruminants from other states likely represented a risk to sheep health in the municipality of Porto Acre, Western Amazon, Brazil. It is concluded that there is a need for more systematic investigations on the prevalence of LVPR in the state of Acre.(AU)

As lentiviroses de pequenos ruminantes (LVPR) são enfermidades infecciosas crônicas e degenerativas, causadas por Lentivírus, associadas a inúmeros prejuízos como: queda na produção de carne e leite, predisposição a infecções secundárias, gastos com assistência veterinária e, até mesmo, descarte precoce dos animais. Na região norte do Brasil, a situação epidemiológica é pouco elucidada. Objetivou-se, assim, por meio deste estudo, determinar a soropositividade de ovinos para Lentivírus no município de Porto Acre, Amazônia Ocidental, Brasil. Foram coletadas 122 amostras de sangue de ovinos e como método diagnóstico foi empregada a imunodifusão em gel de agarose, utilizando a proteína p28 do capsídeo como antígeno. A soropositividade dos ovinos ao teste foi de 8,2% (10/122). Em 80% (4/5) das propriedades investigadas, detectou-se a presença de animais soropositivos. É válido ressaltar ainda que a aquisição de pequenos ruminantes advindos de outros estados provavelmente representou um risco à sanidade ovina no município de Porto Acre, Amazônia Ocidental, Brasil. Conclui-se que existe a necessidade de mais investigações sistemáticas sobre a prevalência de LVPR no estado do Acre.(AU)

RESUMEN

Lentivirosis of small ruminants (LVPR) are chronic and degenerative infectious diseases, caused by Lentivirus, associated with numerous losses such as: drop in meat and milk production, predisposition to secondary infections, expenses with veterinary assistance and, even, early disposal of animals. In the northern region of Brazil, the epidemiological situation is poorly understood. Thus, this study aimed to determine the seropositivity of sheep for Lentivirus in Porto Acre city, Western Amazon, Brazil. 122 blood samples from sheep were collected and as a diagnostic method, agarose gel immunodiffusion was used, using the p28 protein of the capsid as antigen. The seropositivity of the sheep to the test was 8.2% (10/122). In 80% (4/5) of the investigated properties, the presence of seropositive animals was detected. It is worth noting that the acquisition of small ruminants from other states likely represented a risk to sheep health in the municipality of Porto Acre, Western Amazon, Brazil. It is concluded that there is a need for more systematic investigations on the prevalence of LVPR in the state of Acre.

As lentiviroses de pequenos ruminantes (LVPR) são enfermidades infecciosas crônicas e degenerativas, causadas por Lentivírus, associadas a inúmeros prejuízos como: queda na produção de carne e leite, predisposição a infecções secundárias, gastos com assistência veterinária e, até mesmo, descarte precoce dos animais. Na região norte do Brasil, a situação epidemiológica é pouco elucidada. Objetivou-se, assim, por meio deste estudo, determinar a soropositividade de ovinos para Lentivírus no município de Porto Acre, Amazônia Ocidental, Brasil. Foram coletadas 122 amostras de sangue de ovinos e como método diagnóstico foi empregada a imunodifusão em gel de agarose, utilizando a proteína p28 do capsídeo como antígeno. A soropositividade dos ovinos ao teste foi de 8,2% (10/122). Em 80% (4/5) das propriedades investigadas, detectou-se a presença de animais soropositivos. É válido ressaltar ainda que a aquisição de pequenos ruminantes advindos de outros estados provavelmente representou um risco à sanidade ovina no município de Porto Acre, Amazônia Ocidental, Brasil. Conclui-se que existe a necessidade de mais investigações sistemáticas sobre a prevalência de LVPR no estado do Acre.

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Background: Canine reactive cutaneous histiocytosis (RCH) is an immuneproliferative disease of skin histiocytes and is uncommon in occurrence. Its description in the literature is scarce and clinical studies are limited by the insufficient characterization of the patients’ pathological findings. The objective of this report is to describe the clinical, histological and immunohistochemical findings of a case of canine reactive cutaneous histiocytosis in the state of Acre, Amazonia, Brazil. Case: It was attended at the Federal University of Acre, a 7-year-old male American pit bull terrier dog with nodular, allopecic and ulcerated lesions in the dorsal region of the ear, with purulent discharge and exacerbated painful tenderness. The animal was domiciled on the bank of the river Acre, municipality of Rio Branco, state of Acre, and suffered frequent parasitism by sandflies, especially in the head region. In the histopathological evaluation, hyperplastic cells were found, a large ulcerated area with the presence of fibrin and neutrophilic infiltrate in the epidermis. In the dermal layer, an inflammatory reaction pattern was identified, with the presence of fibrous connective tissue, dilated blood vessels and edema, however little defined. There was an intense presence of histiocytes with anisocytosis, in addition to neutrophils, plasma cells and lymphocytes in the perivascular and perianexal region. In immunohistochemistry, lysozyme and cell markers CD1a and Thy1 were detected, but negative result for E-cadherin and CD11d. The immunosuppressive therapy indicated with prednisolone, plus cephalexin for secondary infections and topical treatment, with clinical remission within two years. Discussion: Although the etiopathogenesis of RCH is poorly understood, it is believed that, in addition to the genetic factor, the disease is triggered by an antigenic trigger...

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Canine distemper (CD) is a multisystemic and infectious disease caused by a Morbillivirus. The search for viral inclusions by mucosal cytology is a low cost and high practical alternative, which establishes the definitive diagnosis of CD, but is little reported in the literature. The objective was to encourage the use of mucosal cytopathology to identify Sinegaglia-Lentz corpuscles in the veterinary routine as an alternative or complementary to blood screening, providing a selection of photographs of the viral inclusions. Selected were 16 dogs with classic systemic or neurological disorders and positive for the chromatographic immunoassay for CD. Samples of the conjunctival, nasal and genital epithelium were collected with the aid of a sterile swab for making slides. Whole blood was also collected to make a blood smear. The slides were stained with a fast panoptic and observed by optical microscopy to directly search for eosinophilic viral inclusions, at 40 and 100x magnification. Sinegaglia-Lentz corpuscles were detected in nine of the 16 dogs (56.25%), five in conjunctival mucosa (41.65%), three in nasal mucosa (25%), one in genital mucosa (8.33%) and three in blood smear (25%). It is concluded that mucosa cytopathology, especially conjunctival, for Sinegaglia-Lentz research is an auxiliary tool for the early and definitive diagnosis of canine distemper. However, the absence

A cinomose canina (CC) é uma doença multissistêmica e infectocontagiosa causada por um Morbillivirus. A pesquisa de inclusões virais por citologia da mucosa é uma alternativa de baixo custo e alta praticidade, que estabelece o diagnóstico definitivo da CC, mas pouco relatada em literatura. Objetivou-se encorajar o uso da citopatologia da mucosa para identificar corpúsculos de Sinegaglia-Lentzna rotina veterinária como alternativa ou complementar à triagem no sangue, fornecendo uma seleção de fotografias das inclusões virais. Foram selecionados 16 cães com distúrbios sistêmicos ou neurológicos clássicos epositivos ao imunoensaio cromatográfico para CC. Amostras do epitélio conjuntival, nasal e genital foram coletadas com auxílio de swab estéril, para confecção de lâminas. O sangue total também foi colhido para confecção de esfregaço sanguíneo. As lâminas foram coradas com panóptico rápido e observadas por microscopia óptica para pesquisa direta de inclusões virais eosinofílicas, em ampliação de 40 e 100x. Os corpúsculos de Sinegaglia-Lentzforam detectados em nove dos 16 cães (56,25%), cinco em mucosa conjuntival (41,65%), três em mucosa nasal (25%), um em mucosa genital (8,33%) e três em esfregaço de sangue (25%). Conclui-se que a citopatologia de mucosa, sobretudo conjuntival, para pesquisa de Sinegaglia-Lentzé uma ferramenta auxiliar ao diagnóstico precoce e definitivo da cinomose canina. Contudo, a ausência de inclusões virais nestas amostras não descarta a possibilidade da doença.

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Caseous lymphadenitis (CL), a contagious infectious disease caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, stands out with great economic relevance for goat breeding in the country because it is one of the main causes of carcass condemnation and intense depreciation of the leather of small ruminants. The objective was to carry out a descriptive study of the clinical and epidemiological aspects of CL in goats in the state of Pernambuco and also to evaluate the detection of C. pseudotuberculosis in milk, blood, and stool samples by real-time PCR. Six hundred and forty-three goats were evaluated, of which 76 (11.8%) presented clinical signs suggestive of CL. And 88.9% (24/27) of the breeding was considered focus. Among symptomatic animals, 25 were selected and submitted to the collection of abscess content for bacteriological isolation. Milk, blood, and stool samples were analyzed for PLD gene detection by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Out of the 25 samples of abscess content, 72% (18/25) were positive. The PLD gene was detected in the frequencies of 8% (2/25) and 4% (1/25) in milk and blood samples, respectively. Caseous lymphadenitis is possibly widespread in the dairy herds of goats in the state of Pernambuco, especially in adult animals, with a higher occurrence of submandibular lymph node abscesses. The preliminary detection of C. pseudotuberculosis by mammary and

A linfadenite caseosa (LC), doença infectocontagiosa ocasionada pelo Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, se destaca com grande relevância econômica para a caprinocultura no país por ser umas das principais causas de condenação de carcaças e intensa depreciação do couro de pequenos ruminantes. Objetivou-se realizar um estudo descritivo dos aspectos clínico-epidemiológicos da LC em caprinos no estado de Pernambuco e, adicionalmente, avaliar a detecção do C. pseudotuberculosis em amostras de leite, sangue e fezes por PCR em tempo real. Foram avaliados 643 caprinos, dos quais 76 (11,8%) apresentaram sinais clínicos sugestivos de LC. E 88,9% (24/27) das propriedades foram consideradas foco. Dentre os animais sintomáticos, 25 foram selecionados e submetidos à colheita de conteúdo de abscesso para isolamento bacteriológico. Amostras de leite, sangue e fezes foram analisadas para detecção do gene PLD pela reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) em tempo real. Das 25 amostras de conteúdo de abscesso, 72% (18/25) resultaram positivas. O gene PLD foi detectado nas frequências de 8% (2/25) e 4% (1/25) em amostras de leite e sangue, respectivamente. A linfadenite caseosa possivelmente encontra-se disseminada nos rebanhos leiteiros de caprinos do estado de Pernambuco, sobretudo em animais adultos, com maior ocorrência de abscessos em linfonodos submandibulares. A detecção preliminar do C. pseud

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Caseous lymphadenitis (CL), a contagious infectious disease caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, stands out with great economic relevance for goat breeding in the country because it is one of the main causes of carcass condemnation and intense depreciation of the leather of small ruminants. The objective was to carry out a descriptive study of the clinical and epidemiological aspects of CL in goats in the state of Pernambuco and also to evaluate the detection of C. pseudotuberculosis in milk, blood, and stool samples by real-time PCR. Six hundred and forty-three goats were evaluated, of which 76 (11.8%) presented clinical signs suggestive of CL. And 88.9% (24/27) of the breeding was considered focus. Among symptomatic animals, 25 were selected and submitted to the collection of abscess content for bacteriological isolation. Milk, blood, and stool samples were analyzed for PLD gene detection by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Out of the 25 samples of abscess content, 72% (18/25) were positive. The PLD gene was detected in the frequencies of 8% (2/25) and 4% (1/25) in milk and blood samples, respectively. Caseous lymphadenitis is possibly widespread in the dairy herds of goats in the state of Pernambuco, especially in adult animals, with a higher occurrence of submandibular lymph node abscesses. The preliminary detection of C. pseudotuberculosis by mammary and(AU)

A linfadenite caseosa (LC), doença infectocontagiosa ocasionada pelo Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, se destaca com grande relevância econômica para a caprinocultura no país por ser umas das principais causas de condenação de carcaças e intensa depreciação do couro de pequenos ruminantes. Objetivou-se realizar um estudo descritivo dos aspectos clínico-epidemiológicos da LC em caprinos no estado de Pernambuco e, adicionalmente, avaliar a detecção do C. pseudotuberculosis em amostras de leite, sangue e fezes por PCR em tempo real. Foram avaliados 643 caprinos, dos quais 76 (11,8%) apresentaram sinais clínicos sugestivos de LC. E 88,9% (24/27) das propriedades foram consideradas foco. Dentre os animais sintomáticos, 25 foram selecionados e submetidos à colheita de conteúdo de abscesso para isolamento bacteriológico. Amostras de leite, sangue e fezes foram analisadas para detecção do gene PLD pela reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) em tempo real. Das 25 amostras de conteúdo de abscesso, 72% (18/25) resultaram positivas. O gene PLD foi detectado nas frequências de 8% (2/25) e 4% (1/25) em amostras de leite e sangue, respectivamente. A linfadenite caseosa possivelmente encontra-se disseminada nos rebanhos leiteiros de caprinos do estado de Pernambuco, sobretudo em animais adultos, com maior ocorrência de abscessos em linfonodos submandibulares. A detecção preliminar do C. pseud(AU)

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Canine distemper (CD) is a multisystemic and infectious disease caused by a Morbillivirus. The search for viral inclusions by mucosal cytology is a low cost and high practical alternative, which establishes the definitive diagnosis of CD, but is little reported in the literature. The objective was to encourage the use of mucosal cytopathology to identify Sinegaglia-Lentz corpuscles in the veterinary routine as an alternative or complementary to blood screening, providing a selection of photographs of the viral inclusions. Selected were 16 dogs with classic systemic or neurological disorders and positive for the chromatographic immunoassay for CD. Samples of the conjunctival, nasal and genital epithelium were collected with the aid of a sterile swab for making slides. Whole blood was also collected to make a blood smear. The slides were stained with a fast panoptic and observed by optical microscopy to directly search for eosinophilic viral inclusions, at 40 and 100x magnification. Sinegaglia-Lentz corpuscles were detected in nine of the 16 dogs (56.25%), five in conjunctival mucosa (41.65%), three in nasal mucosa (25%), one in genital mucosa (8.33%) and three in blood smear (25%). It is concluded that mucosa cytopathology, especially conjunctival, for Sinegaglia-Lentz research is an auxiliary tool for the early and definitive diagnosis of canine distemper. However, the absence

A cinomose canina (CC) é uma doença multissistêmica e infectocontagiosa causada por um Morbillivirus. A pesquisa de inclusões virais por citologia da mucosa é uma alternativa de baixo custo e alta praticidade, que estabelece o diagnóstico definitivo da CC, mas pouco relatada em literatura. Objetivou-se encorajar o uso da citopatologia da mucosa para identificar corpúsculos de Sinegaglia-Lentzna rotina veterinária como alternativa ou complementar à triagem no sangue, fornecendo uma seleção de fotografias das inclusões virais. Foram selecionados 16 cães com distúrbios sistêmicos ou neurológicos clássicos epositivos ao imunoensaio cromatográfico para CC. Amostras do epitélio conjuntival, nasal e genital foram coletadas com auxílio de swab estéril, para confecção de lâminas. O sangue total também foi colhido para confecção de esfregaço sanguíneo. As lâminas foram coradas com panóptico rápido e observadas por microscopia óptica para pesquisa direta de inclusões virais eosinofílicas, em ampliação de 40 e 100x. Os corpúsculos de Sinegaglia-Lentzforam detectados em nove dos 16 cães (56,25%), cinco em mucosa conjuntival (41,65%), três em mucosa nasal (25%), um em mucosa genital (8,33%) e três em esfregaço de sangue (25%). Conclui-se que a citopatologia de mucosa, sobretudo conjuntival, para pesquisa de Sinegaglia-Lentzé uma ferramenta auxiliar ao diagnóstico precoce e definitivo da cinomose canina. Contudo, a ausência de inclusões virais nestas amostras não descarta a possibilidade da doença.(AU)

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Background: Botulism is a non-febrile intoxication resulting from the ingestion of Clostridium botulinum neurotoxinsmanifested by partial or complete flaccid paralysis of the musculature of locomotion, swallowing and respiration. Theobjective of this study was to report the first case of botulinum intoxication associated with osteopathy in the state of Acre,as well as to alert breeders and veterinarians to the incidence of this disease in cattle farming.Case: The present report is an outbreak of botulism in the municipality of Acrelândia, in the state of Acre, which resultedin the death of 16 Nelore beef cattle in approximately 30 days. The affected animals were females in reproductive phasemaintained under extensive breeding system. The main clinical signs presented were weakness in the pelvic limbs, prostration, recumbency and death in less than 48 h. Only one animal, with similar symptomatology, was found alive and submitted to emergency therapeutic measures, but without success. During the necropsy of this bovine, no significant changeswere found, only related to the decubitus and agony time, except for fragments of long bones visualized in the reticulum.Samples of bone particles, ruminal contents, reticulum, rumen and intestine fragments were collected for the detection ofbotulinum toxins by the mouse bioassay method, as well as brain and brain stem for differential diagnosis of rabies andbovine spongiform encephalopathy by direct immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry, respectively. The sampleswere sent to the Laboratory of General Bacteriology of the Biological Institute, São Paulo, Brazil, and all the analyzespresented negative results.Discussion: One of the main risk factors for the occurrence of botulinum...(AU)

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Background: Mastitis is one of the diseases that cause damage to dairy cattle, and coagulase positive Staphylococcus (CPS),are its main etiological agents. The production of biofilms gives these microorganisms a physiological advantage, being animportant virulence factor, as it confers their resistance to the action of disinfectants used in hygiene procedures. Therefore,the objective of this study was to evaluate the capacity of CPS, isolated from milk samples from cases of bovine subclinicalmastitis in the Alagoas dairy basin, biofilm production and its sensitivity to disinfectant agents used before and after dipping.Materials, Methods & Results: In the Alagoas Milk Basin Region, 10 properties were selected from the municipalities ofBatalha, Cacimbinhas, Major Isidoro and Minador do Negrão, which used a mechanical milking system and supplied milk toa dairy under federal inspection. The California Mastitis Test (CMT) was performed on 1155 cows. The animals diagnosedwith subclinical mastitis were classified as: mild (+); moderate (++) and severe (+++). CMT positive samples were collectedfrom 2+, totaling 891 samples. After cleaning the papillary ostium, 2 to 5 mL of milk was collected from each fourth breastbefore milking began. Subsequently, 0.5 µL of each sample was streak plated by exhaustion on 5% Sheep Blood Agar andincubated at 37°C, with readings at 24 and 48 h. The macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of the colonies, catalaseand coagulase test were evaluated. Biofilm formation was determined by the microplate adhesion test. The efficacy of thesanitizers was evaluated with the active ingredients: lactic acid (2%), allantoin (0.05%), iodine (0.5%), chlorhexidine (2.0%),chlorine (2.5%), at times 15, 30 and 60 seconds. It was observed that 91.2% of the samples were able to form biofilm; Of these,22.2%, 29.6% and 48.2% were strong, moderate and weak producers, respectively. The sensitivity profile of chlorhexidine...(AU)

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Background: Enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL) is a viral and lymphoproliferative disease that attributes negative economicimpacts to dairy farming. The immunosuppressive condition of these bovines favors the development of bacterial diseases such as tuberculosis, brucellosis, and bovine leptospirosis, which implications to the public health given that theyare zoonosis. Diagnosis and control of EBL are neglected in cattle rearing, allowing their dissemination, especially indeveloping countries. In this sense, the objective of this study was to analyze the risk factors of EBL in dairy cattle fromthe Brazilian Amazon.Materials, Methods & Results: In order to identify the BLV-infected animals (527 serological samples), we used theagarose gel immunodiffusion serological test (IDGA) to diagnose the EBL and characterize the risk factors through theapplication of epidemiological questionnaires. We used the logistic regression test to evaluate the existence of a significantassociation between the variables. The EBL frequency in the study area was 14.42%. We detected seroreagent bovines inall municipalities evaluated with 95% of the properties showing outbreaks of the disease. The reuse of needles was therisk factor with the most significant statistical association (P < 0.01; OR = 2.16).Discussion: The origin of EBL in the Brazilian Amazon is probably related to the expansion of dairy cattle in the 1980s,which, at first, demanded the importation of cattle for the fast formation of the herds, without complying with the sanitarycriteria of animal commercialization. The frequency of EBL in the Rio Branco microregion is below the estimated nationalaverage, as well as the regional level. The reduced influx of animals due to the geographical situation of Acre, since itis an area of greater physical isolation due to forest and river barriers, may influence the observed frequency. Differentenvironmental...(AU)

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Trueperella pyogenes is a pathogenic bacterium that causes suppurative infections in domestic and wild animals as well as humans. This paper describes a clinical case of subcutaneous abscess by T. pyogenes in a bovine in the Western Amazon, Brazil. During anamnesis, intramuscular injectable drug administration in the middle third of the left gluteal biceps muscle and the practice of reusing needles were reported. The clinical examination revealed edema, hyperthermia and high pain sensitivity to the touch in the region. A sample was collected through a puncture incision for the bacterial culture, during which T. pyogenes was isolated. The therapeutic approach was the use of a systemic antimicrobial and topical care, with a good prognosis. This report is the first description of infection by T. pyogenes in cattle in the Western Amazon and underscores the importance of appropriate sanitary management in herds, especially the use of disposable needles and hygiene at the site of parenteral drug application.

A Trueperella pyogenes é uma bactéria patogênica, causadora de infecções supurativas em animais domésticos e silvestres, além de seres humanos. Descreve-se um caso clínico de abscesso subcutâneo por T. pyogenes em bovino na Amazônia Ocidental, Brasil. Durante a anamnese, foi relatada a administração de fármaco injetável por via intramuscular no terço médio do músculo glúteo bíceps esquerdo, além da prática de reutilização de agulhas. No exame clínico, observou-se edema, hipertermia e elevada sensibilidade dolorosa ao toque da região. Foi realizada inciso-punção e colheita de amostra para cultivo bacteriano, no qual isolou-se a T. pyogenes. A conduta terapêutica instituída foi baseada no uso de antimicrobiano sistêmico e cuidados tópicos, apresentando bom prognóstico. O relato de caso apresentado denota a primeira descrição da infecção por Trueperella pyogenes em bovino na Amazônia Ocidental e alerta para a relevância do manejo sanitário adequado nas criações, sobretudo quanto à utilização de agulhas descartáveis e higienização no local da aplicação de fármacos por via parenteral.

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Trueperella pyogenes is a pathogenic bacterium that causes suppurative infections in domestic and wild animals as well as humans. This paper describes a clinical case of subcutaneous abscess by T. pyogenes in a bovine in the Western Amazon, Brazil. During anamnesis, intramuscular injectable drug administration in the middle third of the left gluteal biceps muscle and the practice of reusing needles were reported. The clinical examination revealed edema, hyperthermia and high pain sensitivity to the touch in the region. A sample was collected through a puncture incision for the bacterial culture, during which T. pyogenes was isolated. The therapeutic approach was the use of a systemic antimicrobial and topical care, with a good prognosis. This report is the first description of infection by T. pyogenes in cattle in the Western Amazon and underscores the importance of appropriate sanitary management in herds, especially the use of disposable needles and hygiene at the site of parenteral drug application.(AU)

A Trueperella pyogenes é uma bactéria patogênica, causadora de infecções supurativas em animais domésticos e silvestres, além de seres humanos. Descreve-se um caso clínico de abscesso subcutâneo por T. pyogenes em bovino na Amazônia Ocidental, Brasil. Durante a anamnese, foi relatada a administração de fármaco injetável por via intramuscular no terço médio do músculo glúteo bíceps esquerdo, além da prática de reutilização de agulhas. No exame clínico, observou-se edema, hipertermia e elevada sensibilidade dolorosa ao toque da região. Foi realizada inciso-punção e colheita de amostra para cultivo bacteriano, no qual isolou-se a T. pyogenes. A conduta terapêutica instituída foi baseada no uso de antimicrobiano sistêmico e cuidados tópicos, apresentando bom prognóstico. O relato de caso apresentado denota a primeira descrição da infecção por Trueperella pyogenes em bovino na Amazônia Ocidental e alerta para a relevância do manejo sanitário adequado nas criações, sobretudo quanto à utilização de agulhas descartáveis e higienização no local da aplicação de fármacos por via parenteral.(AU)

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Background: Enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL) is a viral and lymphoproliferative disease that attributes negative economicimpacts to dairy farming. The immunosuppressive condition of these bovines favors the development of bacterial diseases such as tuberculosis, brucellosis, and bovine leptospirosis, which implications to the public health given that theyare zoonosis. Diagnosis and control of EBL are neglected in cattle rearing, allowing their dissemination, especially indeveloping countries. In this sense, the objective of this study was to analyze the risk factors of EBL in dairy cattle fromthe Brazilian Amazon.Materials, Methods & Results: In order to identify the BLV-infected animals (527 serological samples), we used theagarose gel immunodiffusion serological test (IDGA) to diagnose the EBL and characterize the risk factors through theapplication of epidemiological questionnaires. We used the logistic regression test to evaluate the existence of a significantassociation between the variables. The EBL frequency in the study area was 14.42%. We detected seroreagent bovines inall municipalities evaluated with 95% of the properties showing outbreaks of the disease. The reuse of needles was therisk factor with the most significant statistical association (P < 0.01; OR = 2.16).Discussion: The origin of EBL in the Brazilian Amazon is probably related to the expansion of dairy cattle in the 1980s,which, at first, demanded the importation of cattle for the fast formation of the herds, without complying with the sanitarycriteria of animal commercialization. The frequency of EBL in the Rio Branco microregion is below the estimated nationalaverage, as well as the regional level. The reduced influx of animals due to the geographical situation of Acre, since itis an area of greater physical isolation due to forest and river barriers, may influence the observed frequency. Differentenvironmental...

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