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Resumen: Introducción: las altas coberturas alcanzadas en el Programa Nacional de Vacunaciones (PNV) parecen indicar una adecuada adhesión al Certificado Esquema de Vacunación (CEV). No hay evaluaciones que reflejen lo percibido desde la comunidad. Objetivo: evaluar la confianza y satisfacción en Montevideo acerca de la vacunación y las estrategias actuales de comunicación social del PNV del Ministerio de Salud. Material y método: encuesta con preguntas cerradas con escala semicuantitativa a ≥de 18 años con un niño ≤de 5 años a cargo en Montevideo en el año 2016. Se evaluó la confianza, satisfacción con el PNV y las estrategias de comunicación social. Resultados: se encuestaron 384 personas. Consideró importante la vacunación para prevenir enfermedades de los niños el 92,7% de las personas encuestadas y el 81,5% de los adultos (p<0,01). Refirió satisfacción con las vacunas del CEV el 89,9% y con la información brindada por su médico el 82,8%. El 69% de los encuestados consideró que algunas vacunas son más importantes, de los cuales 62% evitaría al menos una, principalmente la vacuna antigripal y el antivirus del papiloma humano. El 43% refirió haber estado informado de alguna actividad sobre vacunas recientemente, 65% a través de las redes sociales. Conclusiones: estos resultados muestran niveles de confianza y satisfacción altos con el PNV. Es necesario fortalecer la importancia de la vacunación en adultos. Las redes sociales podrían ser una de las vías de comunicación privilegiadas para llegar a la población.

Summary: Objective: assess trust and satisfaction levels of the Uruguayan National Vaccination Program and its social communication strategies carried out by the Ministry of Health by the population of Montevideo. Material and method: a survey was carried out to ≥18 year- old adults in charge of a ≤5 year-old children. Closed questions were asked using a semi quantitative rating scale in Montevideo in 2016. Trust and satisfaction levels regarding the NIP and the social communication strategies used were assessed. Results: 384 people were surveyed. 92.7% considered vaccination was important to prevent diseases in children and in adults (81.5%) (p <0.01). 89.9% were satisfied with the Vaccination Program and 82.8% with the level of information provided by doctors. 69% considered some of the vaccines being most important, such as vaccines against Influenza or Human Papillomavirus. 43% reported having recently received any type of information regarding vaccines, and 65% received it through social networks. Conclusions: these results show high levels of trust and satisfaction with the NIP. It is necessary to stress the importance of vaccination compliance in adults. Social networks could be the main means of communication to reach such population.

Resumo: Objetivo: avaliar os níveis de confiança e satisfação do Programa Uruguaio Nacional de Vacinação e suas estratégias de comunicação social desenvolvidas pelo Ministério da Saúde por parte da população de Montevidéu. Material e método: Realizamos uma pesquisa a adultos ≥18 anos responsáveis por pelo menos uma criança com menos de 5 anos de idade. Fizemos perguntas fechadas e utilizamos uma escala de avaliação semi-quantitativa em Montevidéu em 2016. Avaliamos os níveis de confiança e satisfação em relação ao NIP e as estratégias de comunicação social utilizadas. Resultados: 384 pessoas foram pesquisadas. 92,7% consideraram a vacinação importante para prevenir doenças em crianças e adultos (81,5%) (p <0,01). 89,9% mostraram-se satisfeitos com o Programa de Vacinação e 82,8% com o nível de informação fornecido pelos médicos. 69% consideraram algumas das vacinas as mais importantes, como as vacinas contra Influenza ou Papiloma Vírus Humano. 43% relataram ter recebido recentemente algum tipo de informação sobre vacinas e 65% deles receberam a informação através de redes sociais. Conclusões: Estes resultados mostram altos níveis de confiança e satisfação com o NIP. É necessário enfatizar a importância da adesão à vacinação em adultos. As redes sociais poderiam ser o principal meio de comunicação para atingir essa população

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The kidneys in two viviparous species of Neotropical lizards, Notomabuya frenata and Aspronema dorsivittatum (Mabuyidae), were investigated by light and scanning electron microscopy in order to determine the presence of the sexual segment of the kidney (SSK) and to study its morphology. The individuals used in this study belong to the Herpetological Collection of the Herpetology Laboratory - Reptiles of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora (CHUFJF-Reptiles) and they were collected between the years 2008 and 2012 from the Cerrado region in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The SSK was present only in sexually mature males (with sperm in the testes / epididymis), whereas it was absent in sexually immature males. The nephron in both species consists of renal corpuscle, proximal convoluted tubule, distal convoluted tubule, collecting duct and sexual segment of the kidney. The SSK of the analyzed species were coated with a simple columnar epithelium, with high cells, basal nucleus and in the apical portion innumerable secretory granules. This study adds to the knowledge on reproductive biology and structures related to reproductive strategies of both lizard species and viviparous Neotropical lizards.

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In this paper, the diffusion of solutes in natural clay from a concentrated solution consisting primarily of ammonium, sodium and chloride ions at a pH level of 8 was studied and was based on an existing 20-year-old landfill. Contaminant transport through clay liners was predicted using transport and reaction geochemical codes to help explain the experimental data. The model predicted the chloride anion diffusion and cation exchange processes for three different experiments: (1) small-scale interactions in compacted clay, (2) 1:1 European Union (EU) Directive demonstration experiments (0.5-m-thick clay barrier), and (3) analysis of a bore hole with core recovery drilled in an old landfill located above a similar type of clay as that studied in (1) and (2). Orders of magnitude between 10(-10) and 10(-9) m(2) s(-1) were used for the apparent diffusion coefficient to fit the chloride profiles at the different scales; however, at larger space and time scales, diffusion was retarded due to the presence of more consolidated, non-mechanically disturbed clay materials at large depths in a natural clay-rock emplacement.

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The extraction kinetic of trace metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn) in river sediments by four extraction agents was studied. As extractants ammonium acetate, acetic acid, hydroxylamine and EDTA solutions were assayed. These reagents can leach the metals more or less selectively from several metal compartments of sediments. The metal leaching kinetic model permits classification of the metal species in labile and moderately-labile ones. The combination of two or more non specific reagents permits a high characterisation of metal distribution and leachability. The results obtained with this model in four river sediments were compared with data obtained by the SM&T sequential extraction procedure, in order to characterise the chemical nature of leached metal.

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