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Introdução: Apesar de ser fator de risco para a desnutri-ção, a aceitação da dieta hospitalar ainda é pouco estudada,e, na maioria dos serviços de nutrição hospitalar, é avaliadade forma subjetiva. Objetivo: Elaborar, validar o conteúdo e aplicar um instru-mento para avaliar a aceitação das dietas hospitalares. Métodos: Este foi um estudo realizado em um hospital dereferência para o tratamento de doenças infecciosas do Riode Janeiro, Brasil. Após a elaboração do instrumento combase em formulários disponíveis na literatura científica, estefoi enviado a um painel de especialistas para validação deconteúdo através da técnica Delphi modificada, e posterior-mente aplicado em uma amostra de conveniência de 50 pa-cientes hospitalizados, sendo comparado ao método de pesa-gem direta dos restos alimentares através da correlação dePearson. O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética da ins-tituição e todos os participantes assinaram termo de consen-timento livre e esclarecido. Resultados: O conteúdo do instrumento foi inteiramentevalidado na segunda rodada do painel e sua versão final apre-senta ilustrações que representam as seis refeições diárias,divididas em quatro partes, permitindo o preenchimento pelanutricionista em percentuais, de acordo com o relato do pa-ciente. O almoço e o jantar foram as refeições com menoraceitação, e os motivos mais relatados foram hiporexia, náu-seas e vômitos. Na comparação entre a aceitação aferida peloinstrumento e pelo método de pesagem, a maioria das pre-parações apresentou correlação forte. Conclusões: Consideramos a utilização da técnica Delphimodificada como útil e apropriada para o aperfeiçoamento doinstrumento elaborado. O instrumento constitui-se uma ferra-menta de baixo custo, rápido e simples de aplicar. Espera-seque sua utilização seja ampliada para outras instituições, comas necessárias adaptações, e contribua para a melhor avalia-ção dietética dos pacientes hospitalizados.(AU)

Introduction: Despite being a risk factor for malnutrition,the acceptance of hospital diet is still poorly studied, and inmost hospital nutrition services, it is evaluated subjectively. Aim: To elaborate, validate the content and apply an in-strument to evaluate the acceptance of hospital diets. Methods: This was a study carried out in a referral hospi-tal for the treatment of infectious diseases in Rio de Janeiro,Brazil. After preparing the instrument based on forms avail-able in the scientific literature, the instrument was sent to apanel of experts to be validated using the modified Delphitechnique, and posteriorly, was applied to a sample of hospi-talized patients, and the acceptance obtained compared tothe direct weighing method of food remains through thePearson correlation. The Research Ethics Committee of the in-stitution approved the study and all the participants signed afree and informed consent term. Results: The elaborated instrument was considered vali-dated by the panel in the second round and its final versionpresents illustrations that represent the six meals a day, di-vided into four parts, allowing the nutritionist to fill in per-centages, according to patient’s report. Lunch and dinnerwere the least accepted meals, and the most reported rea-sons were hyporexia, nausea and vomiting. In the compari-son between the acceptance measured by the instrumentand the weighing method, most preparations showed astrong correlation. Conclusions:We consider the use of the modified Delphitechnique as useful and appropriate for the improvement ofthe elaborated instrument. The instrument constituted a lowcost tool, quick and simple to apply. We expect that its usecould be expanded to other institutions, with the necessaryadaptations, contributing to the better dietary assessment ofhospitalized patients.(AU)

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Studies investigating the association between functional capacity and quality of life (QoL) in individuals with chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy (CCC) usually do not include a gold-standard evaluation of functional capacity, limiting the validity and the interpretation of the results. The present study is a cross-section analysis aiming to evaluate the association between functional capacity (quantified by cardiopulmonary exercise test [CPET]) and QoL in individuals with CCC. QoL was assessed using the SF-36 questionnaire. Sociodemographic, anthropometric, clinical, cardiac function and maximal progressive CPET variables were obtained from PEACH study. Generalized linear models adjusted for age, sex, and left ventricular ejection fraction were performed to evaluate the association between CPET variables and QoL. After adjustments, VO2 peak and VO2 AT were both associated with physical functioning (ß = +0.05 and ß = +0.05, respectively) and physical component summary (ß = +0.03 and ß = +0.03, respectively). Double product was associated with physical functioning (ß = +0.003), general health perceptions (ß = +0.003), physical component summary (ß = +0.002), and vitality (ß = +0.004). HRR≤12bpm was associated with physical functioning (ß = -0.32), role limitations due to physical problems (ß = -0.87), bodily pain (ß = -0.26), physical component summary (ß = -0.21), vitality (ß = -0.38), and mental health (ß = -0.19). VE/VCO2 slope presented association with all mental scales of SF-36: vitality (ß = -0.028), social functioning (ß = -0.024), role limitations due to emotional problems (ß = -0.06), mental health (ß = -0.04), and mental component summary (ß = -0.02). The associations between CPET variables and QoL demonstrate the importance of CPET inclusion for a more comprehensive evaluation of individuals with CCC. In this setting, intervention strategies aiming to improve functional capacity may also promote additional benefits on QoL and should be incorporated as a treatment strategy for patients with CCC.

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Covid-19 is a novel infectious disease whose spectrum of presentation ranges from absence of symptoms to widespread interstitial pneumonia associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), leading to significant mortality. Given the systemic pattern of Covid-19, there are many factors that can influence patient's functional capacity after acute infection and the identification of such factors can contribute to the development of specific rehabilitation strategies. Pulmonary impairment is the primary cause of hospitalization due to Covid-19, and can progress to SARS as well as increase length of hospitalization. Moreover, cardiac involvement is observed in approximately 30% of hospitalized patients, with an increased risk of acute myocarditis, myocardial injury, and heart failure, which may compromise functional capacity in the long-term. Thromboembolic complications have also been reported in some patients with Covid-19 and are associated with a poor prognosis. Musculoskeletal complications may result from long periods of hospitalization and immobility, and can include fatigue, muscle weakness and polyneuropathy. Studies that address the functional capacity of patients after Covid-19 infection are still scarce. However, based on knowledge from the multiple systemic complications associated with Covid-19, it is reasonable to suggest that most patients, especially those who underwent prolonged hospitalization, will need a multiprofessional rehabilitation program. Further studies are needed to evaluate the functional impact and the rehabilitation strategies for patients affected by Covid-19.

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Objetivo: verificar se o ângulo de fase, obtido por bioimpedância elétrica, pode ser utilizado como indicador prognóstico em doenças infecciosas e em quais dessas doenças seu uso está adequadamente embasado pela literatura científica. Métodos: revisão integrativa realizada por meio das bases de dados, como google acadêmico, na BVS Brasil, nas bases SciELO, LILACS e Pubmed, utilizando o termo para busca (bioimpedância e doenças infectocontagiosas e bioimpedância) AND (bioimpedance and infectious diseases OR bioimpedance). A seleção dos estudos foi feita, considerando artigos originais completos disponíveis on-line, em inglês, espanhol e português, publicados entre 2007 e 2021. Resultados: todos os estudos considerados (793) foram realizados em adultos com doença infecciosa. Destes 28 (3,5%) foram separados para leitura aprofundada sobre o perfil metodológico, e apenas quatro (0,50%) do total de artigos consideraram o ângulo de fase como índice prognóstico para doenças infeciosas, ambos em pacientes HIV + hospitalizados. Conclusão: A bioimpedância vem sendo considerada como instrumento de avaliação de estado nutricional em pacientes com doenças infecciosas. Mas o uso do ângulo de fase vem sendo pouco estudado como índice prognóstico para essa população, não podendo ser considerado adequadamente embasado para uso clínico na população com doença infecciosa, o que suscita maior atenção a esta população e a necessidade de maior investigação científica.

Objective: to verify if the phase angle obtained by electrical bioimpedance can be used as a prognostic indicator in infectious diseases and in which infectious diseases its use is adequately supported by scientific literature. Methods: integrative review conducted using databases such as Google Scholar, BVS Brazil, SciELO, LILACS and Pubmed, using the search term (bioimpedance and infectious diseases and bioimpedance) AND (bioimpedance and infectious diseases OR bioimpedance). The selection of studies was made considering complete original articles available online, in English, Spanish and Portuguese, published between 2007 and 2021. Results: all studies considered (793) were carried out in adults with infectious disease. Of these, 28 (3.5%) were separated for in-depth reading on the methodological profile, and only four (0.50%) of the total articles considered the phase angle as a prognostic index for infectious diseases, both in hospitalized HIV + patients. Conclusion: Bioimpedance has been considered as an instrument to assess nutritional status in patients with infectious diseases. However, the use of the phase angle has been little studied as a prognostic index for this population, and cannot be considered adequately substantiated for clinical use in the population with infectious disease, which raises more attention to this population and the need for further scientific investigation.

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Abstract Covid-19 is a novel infectious disease whose spectrum of presentation ranges from absence of symptoms to widespread interstitial pneumonia associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), leading to significant mortality. Given the systemic pattern of Covid-19, there are many factors that can influence patient's functional capacity after acute infection and the identification of such factors can contribute to the development of specific rehabilitation strategies. Pulmonary impairment is the primary cause of hospitalization due to Covid-19, and can progress to SARS as well as increase length of hospitalization. Moreover, cardiac involvement is observed in approximately 30% of hospitalized patients, with an increased risk of acute myocarditis, myocardial injury, and heart failure, which may compromise functional capacity in the long-term. Thromboembolic complications have also been reported in some patients with Covid-19 and are associated with a poor prognosis. Musculoskeletal complications may result from long periods of hospitalization and immobility, and can include fatigue, muscle weakness and polyneuropathy. Studies that address the functional capacity of patients after Covid-19 infection are still scarce. However, based on knowledge from the multiple systemic complications associated with Covid-19, it is reasonable to suggest that most patients, especially those who underwent prolonged hospitalization, will need a multiprofessional rehabilitation program. Further studies are needed to evaluate the functional impact and the rehabilitation strategies for patients affected by Covid-19.

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BACKGROUND & AIMS: The nutritional status of people with human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV-1) infection has been poorly described because it involves a neglected disease. The few studies that have been conducted mostly involve people with neurologic consequences and the possible clinical evolutions of the disease. The aim of this study was to describe the nutritional status of patients with HTLV-1, including those with associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis, and to evaluate food security in these patients. METHODS: A retrospective observational study was conducted in people with HTLV-1 admitted to a referral hospital. We collected data from 17 medical records, including anthropometric data (i.e., body mass index, mid-upper arm circumference, triceps skinfold, and mid-arm muscle circumference), laboratory test results (i.e., haemoglobin, haematocrit, albumin, globulin, iron fixation capacity, and iron), the Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) method, and food security (Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale) data. The data were analysed using the R-project software. To evaluate possible associations between the outcomes and predictors (age at hospitalisation, food security, presence of children <18 years of age living in the household, income, schooling, ANSG, BMI, difference between ideal weight and hospitalisation, TSF, MUAC ICU days, hospitalisation outcome, rehospitalisation in the first year after discharge, interval between readmissions, death, associated conditions, constipation upon admission), we used Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney, Fisher's exact, chi-square tests with continuity correction, and Spearman's correlation coefficient. Hypothesis tests were considered statistically significant when p ≤ 0.05. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 57 (52-60) years. The patients were predominantly women (59%) and had an income lower than the local minimum wage with at least 6 years of schooling (52.3%). Only 18.2% of patients were eutrophic according to their BMI and 23.5% of patients were malnourished based on the SGA method. Patients predominantly had food security (64.7%) and good intestinal functions (64.7%) during their hospital stay. CONCLUSION: Despite having a limited number of patients in this study, HTLV-1 patients admitted to hospital are at high risk of malnutrition based on the scores from the SGA method.

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INTRODUCTION:: We evaluated the effects of a cardiac rehabilitation program on quality of life. METHODS: This secondary analysis of a single-arm study included 12 patients with Chagas heart failure. The cardiac rehabilitation program comprised exercise training and nutritional and pharmaceutical counseling. Quality of life was assessed using the SF-36 questionnaire. RESULTS:: The program promoted improved physical functioning (ß= +5.7; p=0.003), role-physical (ß= +1.9; p=0.03), and bodily pain (ß= +3.5; p=0.02) scores. Moreover, the summary physical health score (ß= +1.4; p=0.001) improved. CONCLUSION:: The cardiac rehabilitation program significantly improved the physical quality of life of patients with Chagas heart failure.

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BACKGROUND: Several studies have been focusing on the effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on modulation of inflammatory markers in several cardiopathies. Although immunoregulatory dysfunction has been associated to the chronic cardiac involvement in Chagas disease, there is no study examining the effects of omega-3 supplementation in these patients. We investigated the effects of omega-3 PUFAs on markers of inflammation and lipid profile in chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy patients. METHODS: The present study was a single-center double-blind clinical trial including patients with chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy. Patients were randomly assigned to receive omega-3 PUFAs capsules (1.8g EPA and 1.2g DHA) or placebo (corn oil) during an 8-week period. Cytokines, fasting glucose, lipid, and anthropometric profiles were evaluated. RESULTS: Forty-two patients (23 women and 19 men) were included in the study and there were only two losses to follow-up during the 8-week period. Most of sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were similar between the groups at baseline, except for the cytokines IL-1ß, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17α, and IFNγ. The omega-3 PUFAs group demonstrated greater improvements in serum triglycerides (-21.1 vs. -4.1; p = 0.05) and IL-10 levels (-10.6 vs. -35.7; p = 0.01) in comparison to controls after 8 weeks of intervention. No further differences were observed between groups. CONCLUSION: Omega-3 PUFAs supplementation may favorably affect lipid and inflammatory profile in chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy patients, demonstrated by a decrease in triglycerides and improvements on IL-10 concentration. Further studies examining the clinical effects of omega-3 fatty acids supplementation in chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy are necessary. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT01863576.

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Abstract INTRODUCTION: We evaluated the effects of a cardiac rehabilitation program on quality of life. METHODS This secondary analysis of a single-arm study included 12 patients with Chagas heart failure. The cardiac rehabilitation program comprised exercise training and nutritional and pharmaceutical counseling. Quality of life was assessed using the SF-36 questionnaire. RESULTS: The program promoted improved physical functioning (β= +5.7; p=0.003), role-physical (β= +1.9; p=0.03), and bodily pain (β= +3.5; p=0.02) scores. Moreover, the summary physical health score (β= +1.4; p=0.001) improved. CONCLUSION: The cardiac rehabilitation program significantly improved the physical quality of life of patients with Chagas heart failure.

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Objetivo: Relatar a experiência da implantação de práticas de educação alimentar e nutricional (EAN) em grupo, para melhoria de adesão às orientações nutricionais, para pessoas com doenças infecciosas. Síntese de dados: Trata-se de um relato de experiência de atividade de educação alimentar e nutricional realizada no período de abril a novembro de 2015, no Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas (INI/ Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro. Doze indivíduos portadores de doenças infecciosas e parasitárias, de ambos os sexos, com diagnósticos de excesso de peso e de síndrome metabólica participaram de sete oficinas temáticas mensais. Foram abordados temas relevantes para o tratamento da síndrome metabólica e do excesso de peso por meio de rodas de conversa, dinâmicas e distribuição de folhetos explicativos. Durante as oficinas, foram identificados de forma clara comportamentos alimentares que não correspondiam à orientação nutricional prévia fornecida na consulta individual e que dificultavam o controle das condições clínicas presentes na síndrome metabólica e excesso de peso. Nas oficinas, os participantes consolidaram o conhecimento sobre práticas alimentares saudáveis e, com a troca de experiência, sentiram-se mais seguros e motivados para superarem as dificuldades durante o tratamento nutricional. Conclusão: Observou-se que os participantes consolidaram seus conhecimentos e a autonomia para escolhas alimentares saudáveis e, com a troca de experiência, sentiram-se mais seguros e motivados para superarem as dificuldades durante o tratamento nutricional. Portanto, a implementação da EAN em grupo foi efetiva na melhora da adesão às orientações nutricionais, refletindo em novos relatos de práticas alimentares saudáveis.

Objective: To report the experience of implementing Food and Nutrition Education (FNE) Practices in group, for improvement of nutrition counseling acceptance among patients with infectious diseases. Data synthesis: This is an experience report of food and nutrition education activity carried out from April to November 2015 at the Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases (INI/Fiocruz). Twelve individuals carrying infectious and parasitic diseases, of both genders, diagnosed with overweight and metabolic syndrome, took part in seven monthly thematic workshops. Themes of relevance to the treatment of metabolic syndrome and overweight were approached by means of group chats and dynamics, and explanatory brochure distribution. During the workshops, eating behaviors were clearly identified, which were not in conformity with the nutrition counseling provided in previous individual appointments and hampered the control of the clinical conditions experienced in metabolic syndrome and overweight. In the workshops, the participants consolidated the knowledge of healthy eating habits and, by exchanging experiences, they felt more confident and motivated to overcome the difficulties during nutrition treatment. Conclusion: It was observed that the participants consolidated their knowledge and autonomy for healthy food choices and, with the exchange of experience, they felt more confident and motivated to overcome the difficulties during the nutrition treatment. Therefore, the implementation of FNE in group was effective in improving nutrition counseling acceptance, which brings forward new reports of healthy eating practices.

Objetivo: Describir la experiencia de la aplicación de prácticas de educación alimentaria y nutricional (EAN) en grupo para mejorar la adhesión de las orientaciones nutricionales en personas con enfermedades infecciosas. Síntesis de los datos: Se trata de un relato de experiencia de la actividad de educación alimentaria y nutricional realizada en el periodo entre abril y noviembre de 2015, en el Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas Evandro Chagas (INI / Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro. Doce personas com enfermidades infecciosas y parasitarias de ambos sexos y diagnostico de exceso de peso y del síndrome metabólico participaron en siete talleres temáticos mensuales. Fueron discutidos temas de interés para el tratamiento del síndrome metabólico y el sobrepeso a través de ruedas de conversación, dinámicas y distribución de folletos. Durante los talleres fueron claramente identificadas las conductas alimentarias que no correspondían con la orientación nutricional previa proporcionada en la consulta individual, lo que hace que sea difícil controlar las condiciones clínicas presentes en el síndrome metabólico y el sobrepeso. En los talleres, los participantes consolidaron el conocimiento sobre prácticas saludables de alimentación y con el intercambio de experiencias se sintieron más seguros y motivados para superar las dificultades en el tratamiento nutricional. Conclusión: Hemos observado con la aplicación del EAN en grupo, una mejora efectiva en la adhesión de las orientaciones nutricionales reflejadas en los nuevos informes de prácticas de alimentación saludables. También observamos que la frecuencia y la regularidad de la vigilancia nutricional tienen un papel crucial en el éxito del tratamiento nutricional.

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INTRODUCTION: The benefit of a cardiac rehabilitation (CR) program for patients with Chagas heart failure (CHF) remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effects of CR for CHF patients. METHODS: A single-arm pilot study, including 12 patients with CHF, was performed. Patients participated in an 8-month physical exercise intervention, comprising aerobic, strength, and stretching exercises (3 times per week, 60 minutes per session). Nutritional and pharmaceutical counseling were also performed. Functional capacity (cardiopulmonary exercise test), muscle respiratory strength (manovacuometry), and body composition (anthropometry and skinfolds) were evaluated at baseline, and after 4 and 8 months of intervention. Cardiac function (echocardiography), biomarkers (lipid profile, glucose, and glycated hemoglobin) and quality of life (Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire) were assessed at baseline and at the end of the intervention. RESULTS: Seven of 12 patients included in the study completed the 8-month follow-up period. Only 2 moderate adverse events occurred during the exercise training. Functional capacity improved after 4 months of CR, while left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and respiratory strength improved after 8 months. Patients with right ventricular (RV) dysfunction at baseline exhibited an improvement in functional capacity after 4 months, and improvements in left ventricular (LV) diastolic pressure, respiratory strength, and quality of life at the end of follow-up. Conversely, those with normal baseline RV function demonstrated LVEF increases that were not observed in patients with RV dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS: CR was feasible, safe, and has important clinical benefits for patients with CHF, specifically for cardiac function and muscle respiratory strength.

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Abstract: INTRODUCTION: The benefit of a cardiac rehabilitation (CR) program for patients with Chagas heart failure (CHF) remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effects of CR for CHF patients. METHODS: A single-arm pilot study, including 12 patients with CHF, was performed. Patients participated in an 8-month physical exercise intervention, comprising aerobic, strength, and stretching exercises (3 times per week, 60 minutes per session). Nutritional and pharmaceutical counseling were also performed. Functional capacity (cardiopulmonary exercise test), muscle respiratory strength (manovacuometry), and body composition (anthropometry and skinfolds) were evaluated at baseline, and after 4 and 8 months of intervention. Cardiac function (echocardiography), biomarkers (lipid profile, glucose, and glycated hemoglobin) and quality of life (Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire) were assessed at baseline and at the end of the intervention. RESULTS: Seven of 12 patients included in the study completed the 8-month follow-up period. Only 2 moderate adverse events occurred during the exercise training. Functional capacity improved after 4 months of CR, while left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and respiratory strength improved after 8 months. Patients with right ventricular (RV) dysfunction at baseline exhibited an improvement in functional capacity after 4 months, and improvements in left ventricular (LV) diastolic pressure, respiratory strength, and quality of life at the end of follow-up. Conversely, those with normal baseline RV function demonstrated LVEF increases that were not observed in patients with RV dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS: CR was feasible, safe, and has important clinical benefits for patients with CHF, specifically for cardiac function and muscle respiratory strength.

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