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There is no safe and effective prevention for insulin-dependent diabetes (IDDM) mellitus, which makes it highly dependent on its treatment. This systematic review with meta-analyses of randomized clinical trials investigated the overall effects of dietary supplements of vitamins, minerals, trace elements, and non-essential compounds with antioxidant properties, fatty acids, and amino acids in IDDM. Searches of MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, LILACS, The Grey Literature Report, and ClinicaTrials.gov, and citations from previous reviews were used to identify reports published through July 2023. The Risk of Bias 2 (RoB2) tool was used to analyze the risk of bias and GRADE was used to assess the quality of the results. Fifty-eight studies (n=3,044) were included in qualitative analyses and seventeen (n=723) in meta-analyses. Qualitative analyses showed few positive effects on some metabolic function markers, such as endothelial and renal function and lipid profile. Meta-analyses showed a positive effect of omega-3 on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (RMD=-0.33; 95%CI: -0.53, -0.12, P=0.002; I2=0%; GRADE: low quality; 4 studies) and of vitamin D on fasting C-peptide (FCP) (RMD=0.05; 95%CI: 0.01, 0.9, P=0.023; I2=0%; GRADE: very low quality; 4 studies). Most studies showed bias concern or high risk of bias. A recommendation for dietary supplementation in IDDM cannot be made because of the few positive results within different interventions and markers, the serious risk of bias in the included studies, and the low quality of evidence from meta-analyses. The positive result of vitamin D on FCP is preliminary, requiring further investigation.

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There is no safe and effective prevention for insulin-dependent diabetes (IDDM) mellitus, which makes it highly dependent on its treatment. This systematic review with meta-analyses of randomized clinical trials investigated the overall effects of dietary supplements of vitamins, minerals, trace elements, and non-essential compounds with antioxidant properties, fatty acids, and amino acids in IDDM. Searches of MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, LILACS, The Grey Literature Report, and ClinicaTrials.gov, and citations from previous reviews were used to identify reports published through July 2023. The Risk of Bias 2 (RoB2) tool was used to analyze the risk of bias and GRADE was used to assess the quality of the results. Fifty-eight studies (n=3,044) were included in qualitative analyses and seventeen (n=723) in meta-analyses. Qualitative analyses showed few positive effects on some metabolic function markers, such as endothelial and renal function and lipid profile. Meta-analyses showed a positive effect of omega-3 on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (RMD=-0.33; 95%CI: -0.53, -0.12, P=0.002; I2=0%; GRADE: low quality; 4 studies) and of vitamin D on fasting C-peptide (FCP) (RMD=0.05; 95%CI: 0.01, 0.9, P=0.023; I2=0%; GRADE: very low quality; 4 studies). Most studies showed bias concern or high risk of bias. A recommendation for dietary supplementation in IDDM cannot be made because of the few positive results within different interventions and markers, the serious risk of bias in the included studies, and the low quality of evidence from meta-analyses. The positive result of vitamin D on FCP is preliminary, requiring further investigation.

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BACKGROUND: The synergistic action among the different extracellular cryoprotectants could improve somatic cell quality after thawing and provide bases for the formation of biobanks for red-rumped agoutis. OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the interactions among sucrose (SUC) and concentrations of serum fetal bovine (FBS) on the cryopreservation of somatic cells derived from red-rumped agoutis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cells were cryopreserved with 10% dimethyl sulfoxide and different concentrations of FBS (10%, 40%, and 90%) with or without 0.2 M SUC, totaling six comparison groups. Non-cryopreserved cells were used as a control. Cells were evaluated for viability, metabolic activity, proliferative activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential and apoptosis levels. RESULTS: No difference was observed among cryopreserved with DMSO containing (10FBS, 10FBS-SUC, 40FBS, 40FBS-SUC, 90FBS, 90FBS-SUC) and non-cryopreserved groups for viability, metabolic activity, proliferative activity, and ROS levels. Interestingly, only cells cryopreserved with 90% FBS and SUC maintained the mitochondrial membrane potential like the control. This indicates that at high concentrations of FBS, SUC contributes to the maintenance of this parameter in cryopreserved cells. Moreover, at concentrations of 10% and 40% of FBS, SUC contributed to the maintenance of viability evaluated by the levels of apoptosis evaluated after thawing. In summary, we verified that 90% FBS and 0.2 M SUC promote greater ability of cells after thawing. Additionally, SUC positively acts in cryopreservation solutions containing 10% and 40% FBS. CONCLUSION: This information is essential to an understanding of the mechanisms involved in the interactions of extracellular cryoprotectants in somatic cell cryopreservation solutions of red-rumped agoutis. DOI: 10.54680/fr23210110212.

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A first checklist of Rotifera species in freshwater environments in Bahia State, in northeastern Brazil, is provided. The list includes sampling data from 26 aquatic environments (lotic and lentic) undertaken from 2010 to 2016. One hundred and fifty-five species were recorded, with 68 new records for the state. The family Brachionidae and Lecanidae were the most representative (54.8%). The greatest richness was recorded in the Colônia River (57 species). Those results reflect the low numbers of studies previously undertaken in the region, indicating more research needs to be focused on Rotifera biodiversity in Bahia, the fifth largest state in Brazil (567,295 km2) with large numbers of freshwater bodies.(AU)

É fornecida uma primeira lista de verificação das espécies de Rotifera em ambientes de água doce no Estado da Bahia, nordeste do Brasil. A lista de espécies inclui dados de amostragem de 26 ambientes aquáticos (lóticos e lênticos) de 2010 a 2016. Cento e cinquenta e cinco espécies foram registradas, com 68 novos registros para o estado. As famílias Brachionidae e Lecanidae foram as mais representativas (54,8%). A maior riqueza foi registrada no rio Colônia (57 espécies). Esses resultados provavelmente refletem o número de estudos na região, sugerindo mais pesquisas sobre a biodiversidade de Rotifera na Bahia, o quinto maior estado do Brasil (567.295 km2) com grande número de corpos aquáticos de água doce.(AU)

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A first checklist of Rotifera species in freshwater environments in Bahia State, in northeastern Brazil, is provided. The list includes sampling data from 26 aquatic environments (lotic and lentic) undertaken from 2010 to 2016. One hundred and fifty-five species were recorded, with 68 new records for the state. The family Brachionidae and Lecanidae were the most representative (54.8%). The greatest richness was recorded in the Colônia River (57 species). Those results reflect the low numbers of studies previously undertaken in the region, indicating more research needs to be focused on Rotifera biodiversity in Bahia, the fifth largest state in Brazil (567,295 km2) with large numbers of freshwater bodies.

É fornecida uma primeira lista de verificação das espécies de Rotifera em ambientes de água doce no Estado da Bahia, nordeste do Brasil. A lista de espécies inclui dados de amostragem de 26 ambientes aquáticos (lóticos e lênticos) de 2010 a 2016. Cento e cinquenta e cinco espécies foram registradas, com 68 novos registros para o estado. As famílias Brachionidae e Lecanidae foram as mais representativas (54,8%). A maior riqueza foi registrada no rio Colônia (57 espécies). Esses resultados provavelmente refletem o número de estudos na região, sugerindo mais pesquisas sobre a biodiversidade de Rotifera na Bahia, o quinto maior estado do Brasil (567.295 km2) com grande número de corpos aquáticos de água doce.

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A first checklist of Rotifera species in freshwater environments in Bahia State, in northeastern Brazil, is provided. The list includes sampling data from 26 aquatic environments (lotic and lentic) undertaken from 2010 to 2016. One hundred and fifty-five species were recorded, with 68 new records for the state. The family Brachionidae and Lecanidae were the most representative (54.8%). The greatest richness was recorded in the Colônia River (57 species). Those results reflect the low numbers of studies previously undertaken in the region, indicating more research needs to be focused on Rotifera biodiversity in Bahia, the fifth largest state in Brazil (567,295 km2) with large numbers of freshwater bodies.

É fornecida uma primeira lista de verificação das espécies de Rotifera em ambientes de água doce no Estado da Bahia, nordeste do Brasil. A lista de espécies inclui dados de amostragem de 26 ambientes aquáticos (lóticos e lênticos) de 2010 a 2016. Cento e cinquenta e cinco espécies foram registradas, com 68 novos registros para o estado. As famílias Brachionidae e Lecanidae foram as mais representativas (54,8%). A maior riqueza foi registrada no rio Colônia (57 espécies). Esses resultados provavelmente refletem o número de estudos na região, sugerindo mais pesquisas sobre a biodiversidade de Rotifera na Bahia, o quinto maior estado do Brasil (567.295 km2) com grande número de corpos aquáticos de água doce.

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Abstract A first checklist of Rotifera species in freshwater environments in Bahia State, in northeastern Brazil, is provided. The list includes sampling data from 26 aquatic environments (lotic and lentic) undertaken from 2010 to 2016. One hundred and fifty-five species were recorded, with 68 new records for the state. The family Brachionidae and Lecanidae were the most representative (54.8%). The greatest richness was recorded in the Colônia River (57 species). Those results reflect the low numbers of studies previously undertaken in the region, indicating more research needs to be focused on Rotifera biodiversity in Bahia, the fifth largest state in Brazil (567,295 km2) with large numbers of freshwater bodies.

Resumo É fornecida uma primeira lista de verificação das espécies de Rotifera em ambientes de água doce no Estado da Bahia, nordeste do Brasil. A lista de espécies inclui dados de amostragem de 26 ambientes aquáticos (lóticos e lênticos) de 2010 a 2016. Cento e cinquenta e cinco espécies foram registradas, com 68 novos registros para o estado. As famílias Brachionidae e Lecanidae foram as mais representativas (54,8%). A maior riqueza foi registrada no rio Colônia (57 espécies). Esses resultados provavelmente refletem o número de estudos na região, sugerindo mais pesquisas sobre a biodiversidade de Rotifera na Bahia, o quinto maior estado do Brasil (567.295 km2) com grande número de corpos aquáticos de água doce.

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Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a type of glycosaminoglycan described as an antioxidant molecule that has been found in animal species such as fish. Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) represents an eco-friendly source of this compound, since its economical processing generates usable waste, reducing the negative environmental impact. This waste was used for CS extraction, purification, characterization by enzymatic degradation, and evaluation of its antioxidant effect. CS obtained from tilapia presented sulfation mainly at carbon 4 of galactosamine, and it was not cytotoxic at concentrations up to 200 µg/mL. Furthermore, 100 µg/mL of CS from tilapia reduced the levels of reactive oxygen species to 47% of the total intracellular reactive oxygen species level. The ability of CS to chelate metal ions in vitro also suggested an ability to react with other pathways that generate oxidative radicals, such as the Haber-Weiss reaction, acting intracellularly in more than one way. Although the role of CS from tilapia remains unclear, the pharmacological effects described herein indicate that CS is a potential molecule for further study of the relationship between the structures and functions of chondroitin sulfates as antioxidants.

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A first checklist of Rotifera species in freshwater environments in Bahia State, in northeastern Brazil, is provided. The list includes sampling data from 26 aquatic environments (lotic and lentic) undertaken from 2010 to 2016. One hundred and fifty-five species were recorded, with 68 new records for the state. The family Brachionidae and Lecanidae were the most representative (54.8%). The greatest richness was recorded in the Colônia River (57 species). Those results reflect the low numbers of studies previously undertaken in the region, indicating more research needs to be focused on Rotifera biodiversity in Bahia, the fifth largest state in Brazil (567,295 km2) with large numbers of freshwater bodies.

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In this work, we report a theoretical study of the structural, electronic, and optical properties of palmitic acid crystal in its C form under DFT calculations level. Palmitic acid is a fatty acid that constitutes the large majority of vegetable oils with recognized potential applications in medicine, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics technology, foods, and fuel. As a main result, we have found that the electronic bandstructure reveals an indirect gap given by 3.713 eV (E→B andE→Γ), as a main bandgap, while the secondary bandgaps found were 4.175 eV (γ1→Γ) and 4.172 eV (γ2→B). It behaves like a wide bandgap semiconductor, which points to potential applications in optoelectronic devices.

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OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY: The aim of this study was to assess the anatomical features of the alveolar antral artery (AAA) in edentulous patients using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). PATIENTS: The sample consisted of 191 CBCT scans of maxillary sinuses (n=382) of male (n=59) and female (n=132) edentulous patients (age: 38-89 years). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The images were analyzed in Dolphin™ 11.9 software. Visualization, location, and diameter of the AAA was registered. RESULTS: AAA was present in 88.5% of the assessed maxillary sinuses. Bilateral visualization was predominant 77% (P<0.0001). The mean vertical distance from the most anterior part of the AAA to the sinus floor was 7.9±6mm in female patients (both sides) and 12±7.22mm on the right side and 10.9±6.86mm on the left side in males. The mean diameter of the AAA was 1.2±0.7mm on both sides in females. In males, the diameter was significantly (P<0.05) larger: 1.5±0.62mm on the right side and 1.4±0.69 on the left side in females. CONCLUSION: The AAA had a higher visualization rate, better visualization, and larger diameter when it was present bilaterally in male and female patients.

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Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a type of glycosaminoglycan described as an antioxidant molecule that has been found in animal species such as fish. Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) represents an eco-friendly source of this compound, since its economical processing generates usable waste, reducing the negative environmental impact. This waste was used for CS extraction, purification, characterization by enzymatic degradation, and evaluation of its antioxidant effect. CS obtained from tilapia presented sulfation mainly at carbon 4 of galactosamine, and it was not cytotoxic at concentrations up to 200 µg/mL. Furthermore, 100 µg/mL of CS from tilapia reduced the levels of reactive oxygen species to 47% of the total intracellular reactive oxygen species level. The ability of CS to chelate metal ions in vitro also suggested an ability to react with other pathways that generate oxidative radicals, such as the Haber-Weiss reaction, acting intracellularly in more than one way. Although the role of CS from tilapia remains unclear, the pharmacological effects described herein indicate that CS is a potential molecule for further study of the relationship between the structures and functions of chondroitin sulfates as antioxidants.

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Background Complex percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is associated with higher ischemic risk, which can be mitigated by long-term dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT). However, concomitant high bleeding risk (HBR) may be present, making it unclear whether short- or long-term DAPT should be prioritized. Objectives This study investigated the effects of ischemic (by PCI complexity) and bleeding (by PRECISE-DAPT [PRE dicting bleeding Complications in patients undergoing stent Implantation and Sub sequent Dual Anti Platelet Therapy] score) risks on clinical outcomes and on the impact of DAPT duration after coronary stenting. Methods Complex PCI was defined as ≥3 stents implanted and/or ≥3 lesions treated, bifurcation stenting and/or stent length >60 mm, and/or chronic total occlusion revascularization. Ischemic and bleeding outcomes in high (≥25) or non-high (<25) PRECISE-DAPT strata were evaluated based on randomly allocated duration of DAPT. Results Among 14,963 patients from 8 randomized trials, 3,118 underwent complex PCI and experienced a higher rate of ischemic, but not bleeding, events. Long-term DAPT in non-HBR patients reduced ischemic events in both complex (absolute risk difference: −3.86%; 95% confidence interval: −7.71 to +0.06) and noncomplex PCI strata (absolute risk difference: −1.14%; 95% confidence interval: −2.26 to −0.02), but not among HBR patients, regardless of complex PCI features. The bleeding risk according to the Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction scale was increased by long-term DAPT only in HBR patients, regardless of PCI complexity. Conclusions Patients who underwent complex PCI had a higher risk of ischemic events, but benefitted from long-term DAPT only if HBR features were not present. These data suggested that when concordant, bleeding, more than ischemic risk, should inform decision-making on the duration of DAPT. (AU)

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AIMS: This study aimed to gather information on farming practices employed in organic lettuce fields in Sao Paulo, Brazil and associate these practices with the microbiological characteristics of the products. METHODS AND RESULTS: Practices were surveyed using a questionnaire applied in ten farms, where 200 heads of lettuce were collected and submitted to enumeration of total coliforms and generic Escherichia coli and tested for Salmonella spp. using culture and molecular (qPCR) methods. Based on the responses, the farms could be clustered in two groups: group 1, comprised by six farms, where chicken manure was used as fertilizer in most of them and the composting process was not performed on site; and group 2, comprised by four farms, where other types of fertilizer were used, and the composting process was performed on site. Generic E. coli was detected in 56 (28%) samples, with an average of 1·1 ± 0·7 log MPN per g. Salmonella DNA was detected in two (1%) samples by qPCR. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence and bacterial loads of generic E. coli, and the occurrence of Salmonella, even at low populations undetectable by conventional culture methods, highlight the need for control measures during farming practices to reduce microbial contamination and risks of foodborne illnesses. These measures include the use of properly composted manure and appropriate washing procedures for leafy vegetables before consumption. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The obtained data contribute to a better understanding of the farming practices of organically grown lettuces in Sao Paulo, Brazil.

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Objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho, parâmetros fisiológicos e temperamentais de bovinos de corte não castrados ou submetidos à castração cirúrgica ou à imunocastração. O período experimental foi dividido em dois subperíodos de observações: primeiros 15 dias pós-castração (período de cicatrização) e os 25 dias seguintes à cicatrização. Nos primeiros 15 dias de avaliação, os animais não castrados obtiveram maior ganho médio diário de peso em relação aos castrados cirurgicamente. A frequência cardíaca foi maior para os animais castrados cirurgicamente, com 126,51 batimentos/minuto, em relação aos demais tratamentos. A distância de fuga foi superior para os novilhos castrados cirurgicamente, com valor de 12,22 metros. Nos 25 dias seguintes à castração cirúrgica, o ganho médio diário de peso foi superior nos bovinos castrados cirurgicamente em relação aos bovinos não castrados ou imunocastrados. A velocidade de fuga, no segundo subperíodo de avaliação, foi superior nos bovinos castrados em relação aos não castrados. O período imediato à castração, os primeiros 15 dias, prejudicou o ganho médio diário e o ganho de peso total, o que causou maior reatividade, com alterações nos parâmetros fisiológicos e temperamentais de bovinos castrados cirurgicamente em comparação com bovinos não castrados, entretanto, transcorrido o período de cicatrização, essas diferenças diminuíram ou desapareceram.(AU)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance, physiological and temperamental parameters of uncastrated beef cattle or those submitted to surgical castration or immunocastration, in the post-castration period. The experimental period was divided into two subperiods of observations: the first 15 days post-castration (healing period) and the 25 days following healing. In the first 15 days of evaluation, the non-castrated animals obtained a greater average daily gain of weight in relation to surgically castrated. The heart rate was higher for surgically castrated animals with 126,51 beats/minute, compared to the other treatments. The distance of escape was higher for the surgically castrated steers, with a value of 12,22 meters, when compared to the other groups studied. During the next 25 days of surgical castration, the mean daily gain of weight was higher in surgically castrated cattle than in non-castrated or immunocastrated cattle. The escape velocity, in the second evaluation subperiod, was superior in the castrated cattle, in relation to the not castrated. The immediate castration period, the first 15 days, altered the mean daily gain and the total weight gain, the physiological and temperamental parameters of surgically castrated cattle, however, after the healing period, these differences diminish or disappear.(AU)

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Objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho, parâmetros fisiológicos e temperamentais de bovinos de corte não castrados ou submetidos à castração cirúrgica ou à imunocastração. O período experimental foi dividido em dois subperíodos de observações: primeiros 15 dias pós-castração (período de cicatrização) e os 25 dias seguintes à cicatrização. Nos primeiros 15 dias de avaliação, os animais não castrados obtiveram maior ganho médio diário de peso em relação aos castrados cirurgicamente. A frequência cardíaca foi maior para os animais castrados cirurgicamente, com 126,51 batimentos/minuto, em relação aos demais tratamentos. A distância de fuga foi superior para os novilhos castrados cirurgicamente, com valor de 12,22 metros. Nos 25 dias seguintes à castração cirúrgica, o ganho médio diário de peso foi superior nos bovinos castrados cirurgicamente em relação aos bovinos não castrados ou imunocastrados. A velocidade de fuga, no segundo subperíodo de avaliação, foi superior nos bovinos castrados em relação aos não castrados. O período imediato à castração, os primeiros 15 dias, prejudicou o ganho médio diário e o ganho de peso total, o que causou maior reatividade, com alterações nos parâmetros fisiológicos e temperamentais de bovinos castrados cirurgicamente em comparação com bovinos não castrados, entretanto, transcorrido o período de cicatrização, essas diferenças diminuíram ou desapareceram.(AU)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance, physiological and temperamental parameters of uncastrated beef cattle or those submitted to surgical castration or immunocastration, in the post-castration period. The experimental period was divided into two subperiods of observations: the first 15 days post-castration (healing period) and the 25 days following healing. In the first 15 days of evaluation, the non-castrated animals obtained a greater average daily gain of weight in relation to surgically castrated. The heart rate was higher for surgically castrated animals with 126,51 beats/minute, compared to the other treatments. The distance of escape was higher for the surgically castrated steers, with a value of 12,22 meters, when compared to the other groups studied. During the next 25 days of surgical castration, the mean daily gain of weight was higher in surgically castrated cattle than in non-castrated or immunocastrated cattle. The escape velocity, in the second evaluation subperiod, was superior in the castrated cattle, in relation to the not castrated. The immediate castration period, the first 15 days, altered the mean daily gain and the total weight gain, the physiological and temperamental parameters of surgically castrated cattle, however, after the healing period, these differences diminish or disappear.(AU)

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A hiperplasia mamária é uma condição benigna em que há o crescimento exacerbado de massas nas glândulas mamárias, que normalmente é desencadeada pela administração de progestágenos exógenos, mas também pode ser ocasionada pela elevação de prolactina. Se a hiperplasia não for tratada, evolui para infecção mamária, ou seja, mastite. O objetivo do trabalho foi relatar um caso de hiperplasia mamária em um felino doméstico fêmea, como resultado da administração de anticoncepcional, que evoluiu para mastite. Para tratamento, houve estabilização da infecção por meio do uso de antimicrobianos e anti-inflamatórios para posterior realização de mastectomia. Também é importante a realização de OVH para evitar recidivas e/ou desencadear outros problemas reprodutivos.

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A hiperplasia mamária é uma condição benigna em que há o crescimento exacerbado de massas nas glândulas mamárias, que normalmente é desencadeada pela administração de progestágenos exógenos, mas também pode ser ocasionada pela elevação de prolactina. Se a hiperplasia não for tratada, evolui para infecção mamária, ou seja, mastite. O objetivo do trabalho foi relatar um caso de hiperplasia mamária em um felino doméstico fêmea, como resultado da administração de anticoncepcional, que evoluiu para mastite. Para tratamento, houve estabilização da infecção por meio do uso de antimicrobianos e anti-inflamatórios para posterior realização de mastectomia. Também é importante a realização de OVH para evitar recidivas e/ou desencadear outros problemas reprodutivos.(AU)

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