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OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether the use of chemo-mechanical carious tissue removal (CMCTR) agents is effective for Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Searches were conducted in 6 databases for inclusion of clinical studies. Risk of bias was assessed (RoB 2 and ROBINS-I), a meta-analysis was performed with data from time of carious tissue removal (TCTR), and the certainty of evidence was estimated. ART + CMCTR was compared to ART for the treatment of caries lesions in primary teeth (pt) and permanent teeth (PT) of humans, considering acceptability, pain/discomfort, survival and success of restorations (SSR), Oral Health-Related Quality of life (OHRQol), satisfaction, TCTR, total treatment time (TTT), carious tissue removal efficacy and adverse effects. RESULTS: Of 12 included studies, 4 showed low risk of bias, considering pain, TTT and TCTR outcomes. ART + CMCTR was similar or more accepted than ART for pt, causing similar or less pain/discomfort for both dentitions. There was no difference in SSR, OHRQol for PT, and adverse effects (pt), although greater satisfaction was reported after ART + CMCTR in case of PT. ART + CMCTR was better or as effective as ART in removing carious tissue (pt). TTT for pt was divergent between the groups, but without difference of TCTR for both, pt and PT (MD 0.11 [-1.56, 1.77] p = 0.90, I 2 =93%). CONCLUSIONS: In general, ART + CMCTR is effective, providing greater satisfaction, with no difference in SSR, OHRQol and adverse effects compared to ART, which did not present advantages in relation to pain/discomfort and efficacy in removing carious tissue. The TTT was influenced by the CMCTR agent; however, there was no difference for TCTR in the overall quantitative synthesis with Papacárie DuoGel®. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The use of chemo-mechanical agents for carious tissue removal in the ART may benefit patients with reduced pain/discomfort.
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Tratamiento Restaurativo Atraumático Dental , Caries Dental , Humanos , Tratamiento Restaurativo Atraumático Dental/métodos , Caries Dental/terapia , Calidad de VidaRESUMEN
Objective: We aimed to identify the factors associated with using digital platforms for physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic among adults living in Southern Brazil. We also compared the trajectory of physical activity between users and non-users and by type of digital platform used. Methods: We analyzed data from the PAMPA (Prospective Study About Mental and Physical Health in Adults) cohort. The study started in June 2020, and tracked participants through three waves (December 2020, June 2021, and June 2022). The exposure variable was usingf digital platforms for physical activity. The outcome measure was minutes per week of physical activity. We employed a generalized linear model with robust variance to explore the interaction between time and the use of digital platforms, adjusting for sociodemographic covariates and the presence of chronic diseases. Results: The proportion of participants using digital platforms for physical activity declined from 36.8% in 2020 to 25.6% in 2021 and further to 13.5% in 2022. Using digital platforms for physical activity was associated with a higher mean daily physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants who used digital platforms were more likely to be physically active when compared to their inactive contemparts throughout the entire study period. Notably, social media emerged with greater influence in the physical activity practice among digital platforms. Conclusion: Using these platforms had a positive impact on increasing the level of physical activity among the participants.
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Endocannabinoid system, including endocannabinoid neurotransmitters (eCBs), has gained much attention over the last years due to its involvement with the pathophysiology of diseases and the potential use of Cannabis sativa (marijuana). The identification of eCBs and phytocannabinoids in biological samples for forensic, clinical, or therapeutic drug monitoring purposes constitutes a still significant challenge. In this scoping review, the recent advantages, and limitations of the eCBs and phytocannabinoids quantification in biological samples are described. Published studies from 2018-2023 were searched in 8 databases, and after screening and exclusions, the selected 38 articles had their data tabulated, summarized, and analyzed. The main characteristics of the eCBs and phytocannabinoids analyzed and the potential use of each biological sample were described, indicating gaps in the literature that still need to be explored. Well-established and innovative sample preparation protocols, and chromatographic separations, such as GC, HPLC, and UHPLC, are reviewed highlighting their respective advantages, drawbacks, and challenges. Lastly, future approaches, challenges, and tendencies in the quantification analysis of cannabinoids are discussed.
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Cannabinoides , Cannabis , Endocannabinoides , Endocannabinoides/análisis , Endocannabinoides/metabolismo , Humanos , Cannabinoides/análisis , Cannabis/química , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión/métodos , Cromatografía de Gases/métodos , AnimalesRESUMEN
Fridericia chica is an Amazonian plant used to treat stomach disorders. However, the pharmacological activity of flavonoids in the extract has yet to be investigated. Therefore, we considered that a flavonoid-rich F. chica subfraction (FRS) has gastroprotective functions. For this, before the induction of gastric ulcers with ethanol or piroxicam, the rats received vehicle (water), omeprazole (30 mg/kg), or FRS (30 mg/kg), and the ulcer area was measured macro and microscopically, and the antisecretory action was investigated in pylorus-ligated rats. In addition, the roles of nitric oxide (NO) and nonprotein sulfhydryl compounds (NP-SH) in the gastroprotective effects of FRS were studied. FRS reduced ethanol- and piroxicam-induced ulcerations by 81% and 77%, respectively, as confirmed histologically. Antioxidant effects were observed for FRS through the maintenance of GSH and LPO levels, and the SOD and CAT activity similar to those found in the nonulcerated group. Moreover, FRS avoided the increase in MPO activity and TNF, IL-6, IL-4 and IL-10 levels. Moreover, mucin staining increased in ulcerated rats receiving FRS, and the pharmacological mechanism gastroprotective seems to involve the NO and NP-SH in addition to antisecretory actions. The chemical study by mass spectrometry confirmed the presence of flavonoids in FRS, and molecular docking studies have shown that these compounds interact with cyclooxygenase-1 and NO synthase. Furthermore, there was no indication that FRS had cytotoxic effects. Our results support the popular use of F. chica, and we conclude that the gastroprotection effect promoted by FRS can be attributed to the combined effect of the flavonoids.
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Antiulcerosos , Antioxidantes , Flavonoides , Extractos Vegetales , Plantas Medicinales , Ratas Wistar , Úlcera Gástrica , Animales , Flavonoides/farmacología , Flavonoides/aislamiento & purificación , Úlcera Gástrica/tratamiento farmacológico , Úlcera Gástrica/inducido químicamente , Úlcera Gástrica/prevención & control , Ratas , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Masculino , Antiulcerosos/farmacología , Antiulcerosos/aislamiento & purificación , Plantas Medicinales/química , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Fabaceae/química , Mucosa Gástrica/efectos de los fármacos , Mucosa Gástrica/metabolismo , Mucosa Gástrica/patología , Simulación del Acoplamiento MolecularRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of Araucaria sp. brown propolis (ABP) against trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis in rats. METHODS: Animals received vehicle (1% DMSO, 1 ml/kg) or hydroalcoholic extract of ABP (hydroalcoholic extract of Araucaria sp. brown propolis (HEABP), 30, 100, and 300 mg/kg) orally, or dexamethasone (25 mg/kg, s.c.) for 5 days. On day 4, the animals received intracolonic TNBS (150 mg/kg), on day 6 they were euthanized. The weight of the animals, the macroscopic and microscopic colonic damage, reduced glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and the activity of glutathione S-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were measured in colon homogenate. The action of HEABP and two isolated compounds in neutrophil migration was recorded. KEY FINDINGS: HEABP (100 and 300 mg/kg), but not dexamethasone, decreased colonic lesion, and increased colonic mucin staining. In parallel, HEABP decreased MDA and restored GSH levels and the activity of SOD, CAT, and GST in the colon. A dose-dependent inhibition of MPO activity was observed (LogIC50 = 1.9). Moreover, HEBPA and the junicedric and abietic acids inhibited the neutrophil chemotaxis in vitro and HEBPA reduced neutrophil migration in vivo. CONCLUSION: HEABP may be promising in the therapies for inflammatory bowel diseases, reducing oxidative and inflammatory damage, especially mediated by neutrophils.
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Colitis Ulcerosa , Malondialdehído , Estrés Oxidativo , Extractos Vegetales , Própolis , Ratas Wistar , Ácido Trinitrobencenosulfónico , Animales , Colitis Ulcerosa/tratamiento farmacológico , Colitis Ulcerosa/inducido químicamente , Colitis Ulcerosa/patología , Colitis Ulcerosa/metabolismo , Própolis/farmacología , Masculino , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Ratas , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Malondialdehído/metabolismo , Colon/efectos de los fármacos , Colon/patología , Colon/metabolismo , Peroxidasa/metabolismo , Glutatión/metabolismo , Superóxido Dismutasa/metabolismo , Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Antiinflamatorios/aislamiento & purificación , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Dexametasona/farmacología , Tracheophyta/química , Catalasa/metabolismo , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Glutatión Transferasa/metabolismoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Social and economic factors, such as food insecurity, contribute to long coronavirus disease (COVID). During the pandemic, a significant rise in food insecurity was observed, both in Brazil and worldwide. We aimed to investigate the association between food insecurity and long COVID in Brazilian adults. METHODS: Cross-sectional study nested within the Prospective study About Mental and Physical Health in Adults (PAMPA) Cohort. Participants completed an online questionnaire in June 2022. We assessed food insecurity using the Brazilian Scale of Food Insecurity. Long COVID was defined as any post-coronavirus disease 2019 symptoms that persisted for at least 3 months after infection. RESULTS: A total of 956 participants were included (74.0% female, median age 36 (Interquartile Range [IQR] (29-45.7). The prevalence of food insecurity was 29.4%, and 77.8% had long COVID. Food insecurity was associated with an increased probability of long COVID (prevalence ratio [PR]: 1.15, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.08-1.22). Participants in food insecurity situations had a higher likelihood of experiencing neurological (PR: 1.19, 95% CI: 1.10-1.28), pulmonary (PR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.17-1.52) and gastrointestinal (PR: 1.57, 95% CI: 1.31-1.88) symptoms after infection. CONCLUSIONS: Food insecurity was associated with long COVID. Governments must plan public policies to mitigate the effects of long COVID and food insecurity.
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Mosquitoes can transmit several pathogenic viruses to humans, but their natural viral community is also composed of a myriad of other viruses such as insect-specific viruses (ISVs) and those that infect symbiotic microorganisms. Besides a growing number of studies investigating the mosquito virome, the majority are focused on few urban species, and relatively little is known about the virome of sylvatic mosquitoes, particularly in high biodiverse biomes such as the Brazilian biomes. Here, we characterized the RNA virome of 10 sylvatic mosquito species from Atlantic forest remains at a sylvatic-urban interface in Northeast Brazil employing a metatranscriptomic approach. A total of 16 viral families were detected. The phylogenetic reconstructions of 14 viral families revealed that the majority of the sequences are putative ISVs. The phylogenetic positioning and, in most cases, the association with a high RNA-dependent RNA polymerase amino acid divergence from other known viruses suggests that the viruses characterized here represent at least 34 new viral species. Therefore, the sylvatic mosquito viral community is predominantly composed of highly divergent viruses highlighting the limited knowledge we still have about the natural virome of mosquitoes in general. Moreover, we found that none of the viruses recovered were shared between the species investigated, and only one showed high identity to a virus detected in a mosquito sampled in Peru, South America. These findings add further in-depth understanding about the interactions and coevolution between mosquitoes and viruses in natural environments. IMPORTANCE: Mosquitoes are medically important insects as they transmit pathogenic viruses to humans and animals during blood feeding. However, their natural microbiota is also composed of a diverse set of viruses that cause no harm to the insect and other hosts, such as insect-specific viruses. In this study, we characterized the RNA virome of sylvatic mosquitoes from Northeast Brazil using unbiased metatranscriptomic sequencing and in-depth bioinformatic approaches. Our analysis revealed that these mosquitoes species harbor a diverse set of highly divergent viruses, and the majority comprises new viral species. Our findings revealed many new virus lineages characterized for the first time broadening our understanding about the natural interaction between mosquitoes and viruses. Finally, it also provided several complete genomes that warrant further assessment for mosquito and vertebrate host pathogenicity and their potential interference with pathogenic arboviruses.
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Culicidae , Filogenia , Viroma , Animales , Brasil , Viroma/genética , Culicidae/virología , Mosquitos Vectores/virología , Genoma Viral , ARN Viral/genética , Virus de Insectos/genética , Virus de Insectos/clasificación , Virus de Insectos/aislamiento & purificación , Virus ARN/genética , Virus ARN/clasificación , Virus ARN/aislamiento & purificaciónRESUMEN
We investigated the longitudinal association between physical activity (PA) and symptoms of depression and anxiety in people with depression during the COVID-19 pandemic. We used data from baseline (June 2020) to wave 3 (June 2021) of the PAMPA Cohort, an ambispective cohort with adults in south Brazil. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale assessed depressive and anxiety symptoms in all waves. Participants reported frequency (minutes), type (aerobic, strength, combined), and place (out of home, at home) of physical activity at baseline. Generalized linear models were used to investigate the interaction between time and PA, adjusting for possible confounding variables. Subjective memory decline was assessed using multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression models to obtain adjusted hazard ratio (HR) and respective 95% confidence interval (CI). Participants (n = 424) with self-reported clinically diagnosed depression were included. We observed a non-linear increase trajectory of depression during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. PA was associated with a slower trajectory of depressive (slope: -1.89; 95%CI: -3.34, -0.43 points) but not anxiety (slope: -1.33; 95%CI: -2.93, 0.25 points) symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants who continued physically active from pre-pandemic in wave 1 showed a lower risk of subjective memory decline during follow-up than those who persisted inactive in the same period (HR: 0.52; 95%CI: 0.30, 0.89). PA attenuated the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on depressive symptoms in adults living with depression in south Brazil. Regularity of physical activity was associated with fewer depression and anxiety symptoms and a lower risk of subjective memory decline.
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Ansiedad , COVID-19 , Depresión , Ejercicio Físico , Humanos , COVID-19/psicología , COVID-19/epidemiología , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Depresión/epidemiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Brasil/epidemiología , Ansiedad/epidemiología , Estudios LongitudinalesRESUMEN
It is known that reactive oxygen species cause abnormal immune responses in the gut during inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Therefore, oxidative stress has been theorized as an agent of IBD development and antioxidant compounds such as vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid) have been studied as a new tool to treat IBD. Therefore, the potential of vitamin C to treat IBD was reviewed here as a critical discussion about this field and guide future research. Indeed, some preclinical studies have shown the beneficial effects of vitamin C in models of ulcerative colitis in mice and clinical and experimental findings have shown that deficiency in this vitamin is associated with the development of IBD and its worsening. The main mechanisms that may be involved in the activity of ascorbic acid in IBD include its well-established role as an antioxidant, but also others diversified actions. However, some experimental studies employed high doses of vitamin C and most of them did not perform dose-response curves and neither determined the minimum effective dose nor the ED50. Allometric extrapolations were also not made. Also, clinical studies on the subject are still in their infancy. Therefore, it is suggested that the research agenda in this matter covers experimental studies that assess the effective, safe, and translational doses, as well as the appropriate administration route and its action mechanism. After that, robust clinical trials to increase knowledge about the role of ascorbic acid deficiency in IBD patients and the effects of their supplementation in these patients can be encouraged.
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Ácido Ascórbico , Enfermedades Inflamatorias del Intestino , Humanos , Animales , Ratones , Ácido Ascórbico/farmacología , Ácido Ascórbico/uso terapéutico , Vitamina D/uso terapéutico , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Antioxidantes/uso terapéutico , Enfermedades Inflamatorias del Intestino/tratamiento farmacológicoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Diclofenac is the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) mostly prescribed worldwide, but it is highly associated with hypertension and acute kidney injury. Despite that, little information is available about the renal effects of diclofenac in hypertensive individuals, which led us to carry out this comparative study between the renal effects of this NSAID in normotensive (NTR) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). METHODS: Male Wistar NTR and SHR were orally treated with vehicle (V: 10 mL/kg) or diclofenac sodium (D: 100 mg/kg) once a day for 3 days. Urine volume, electrolytes excretion (Na+, K+, Cl-, and Ca2+), urea, creatinine, pH, and osmolarity were evaluated. Furthermore, blood samples and renal tissue were collected to perform biochemical and histological analysis. RESULTS: Diclofenac increased the renal corpuscle and bowman's space in the SHR, while no microscopic changes were observed in the renal tissue of NTR. Regarding the urinary parameters, diclofenac reduced urine volume, pH, osmolarity, and all electrolytes excretion, followed by decreased urea and creatinine levels in both lineages. Moreover, it also induced hyponatremia, hypokalemia, and hypocalcemia in SHR, while reduced glutathione-S-transferase activity, lipid hydroperoxides, and nitrite levels in renal tissue. CONCLUSIONS: The data presented herein demonstrated that diclofenac induces renal damage and impaired renal function in both NTR and SHR, but those effects are exacerbated in SHR, as seen by the histological changes and electrolytes balance disturbance, therefore, reinforcing that diclofenac may increase the risks of cardiovascular events in hypertensive patients.
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Diclofenaco , Hipertensión , Humanos , Ratas , Masculino , Animales , Diclofenaco/toxicidad , Creatinina , Ratas Wistar , Hipertensión/inducido químicamente , Hipertensión/tratamiento farmacológico , Riñón , Presión Sanguínea , Ratas Endogámicas SHR , Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/toxicidad , Electrólitos , UreaRESUMEN
This study assessed the association of birth weight, gestational age, and intrauterine growth with bone mineral density (BMD) at 22 and 30 years of age in the 1982 and 1993 birth cohorts in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. BMD was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and the association was assessed using analysis of variance. Multiple linear regression was used to control for confounding factors: sex; household income at birth; maternal smoking during pregnancy; maternal schooling; maternal ethnicity/skin color; and pre-pregnancy body mass index. The study tested whether body fat in adulthood was a mediator of the association analyzed, using the G-computation Formula. A total of 6,803 participants from the 1982 and 1993 cohorts were evaluated at 30 and 22 years of age, respectively. Birth weight was associated with BMD at all sites, with a greater difference at the femoral neck. Individuals born weighing less than 2,000g had on average -0.036g/cm2 (95%CI: -0.064; -0.008) of BMD in the femoral neck than individuals weighing more than 3,500g. Individuals with an intrauterine growth z-score at least 1.28 standard deviation below the mean had an average of -0.013g/cm2 (95%CI: -0.024; -0.002) of BMD in the lumbar spine compared with individuals with an above-average z-score. The mediation analysis showed that body fat in adulthood did not mediate the association. Birth conditions have been associated with BMD in adulthood and the identification of early factors related to bone loss is essential due to the demographic inversion that has been taking place in low- and middle-income countries.
Este estudo avaliou a associação do peso ao nascer, idade gestacional e crescimento intrauterino com a densidade mineral óssea (DMO) aos 22 e 30 anos, nas coortes de nascimentos de 1982 e 1993 de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. A DMO foi medida por absorciometria por raios X com dupla energia (DXA), a associação foi avaliada usando análise de variância e a regressão linear múltipla para o controle de confundimento por: sexo, renda familiar ao nascer, tabagismo materno na gestação, escolaridade materna, cor da pele materna e índice de massa corporal pré-gestacional. Foi testado se a gordura corporal na vida adulta era mediadora da associação analisada, por meio da G-computation Formula. Foram avaliados 6.803 participantes das coortes de 1982 e 1993, aos 30 e 22 anos, respectivamente. O peso ao nascer teve associação com a DMO em todos os sítios, com maior diferença no colo femoral. Os nascidos com menos de 2.000g apresentaram, em média, -0,036g/cm2 (IC95%: -0,064; -0,008) de DMO no colo femoral em comparação àqueles com mais de 3.500g. Aqueles com escore-z de crescimento intrauterino com pelo menos 1,28 desvio padrão abaixo da média apresentaram, em média, -0,013g/cm2 (IC95%: -0,024; -0,002) de DMO na coluna lombar, em relação aos com escore-z acima da média. A análise de mediação mostrou que gordura corporal na idade adulta não mediou a associação. As condições de nascimento foram associadas com a densidade mineral óssea na vida adulta, e a identificação dos fatores precoces relacionados à perda de DMO é essencial devido à inversão demográfica em progresso em países de média e baixa renda.
Este estudio evaluó la asociación del peso al nacer, la edad gestacional y el crecimiento intrauterino con la densidad mineral ósea (DMO) a los 22 y 30 años de edad, en las Cohortes de Nacimiento de 1982 y 1993 de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. La DMO se midió mediante absorciometría de rayos X de doble emisión (DXA), y la asociación se evaluó mediante ANOVA y regresión lineal múltiple para controlar la confusión por sexo, ingresos familiares al nacer, tabaquismo materno durante el embarazo, escolaridad materna, color de piel materno e índice de masa corporal antes del embarazo. Se comprobó si la grasa corporal en la edad adulta era un mediador de la asociación analizada, utilizando G-computation Formula. Se evaluaron 6.803 participantes de las cohortes 82 y 93, de 30 y 22 años, respectivamente. El peso al nacer se asoció con la DMO en todos los sitios, con la mayor diferencia en el cuello femoral. Los nacidos con un peso inferior a 2.000g tuvieron una media de -0,036g/cm2 (IC95%: -0,064; -0,008) de DMO en el cuello femoral, que aquellos con más de 3.500g. Aquellos con una puntuación z de crecimiento intrauterino de al menos 1,28 desviaciones estándar por debajo de la media presentaron un promedio de -0,013g/cm2 (IC95%: -0,024; -0,002) de DMO en la columna lumbar, con relación a aquellos con un puntaje z superior a la media. El análisis de mediación mostró que la grasa corporal en la edad adulta no medió la asociación. Las condiciones de nacimiento se asociaron con la DMO en la edad adulta, y la identificación temprana de factores relacionados con la pérdida de DMO es esencial debido a la inversión demográfica que ha estado ocurriendo en los países de ingresos medios y bajos.
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Cohorte de Nacimiento , Densidad Ósea , Adulto , Recién Nacido , Femenino , Embarazo , Humanos , Brasil , Peso al Nacer , Absorciometría de FotónRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Multiple illnesses commonly involve both the Central Nervous System (CNS) and the Gastrointestinal Tract (GI) simultaneously. Consistent evidence suggests that neurological disorders impair GI tract function and worsen the symptomatology and pathophysiology of digestive disorders. On the other hand, it has been proposed that early functional changes in the GI tract contribute to the genesis of several CNS illnesses. Additionally, the role played by the gut in these diseases can be seen as a paradigm for how the gut and the brain interact. METHODS: We mentioned significant GI symptoms and discussed how the GI tract affects central nervous system illnesses, including depression, anxiety, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease in this study. We also explored potential pathophysiological underpinnings and novel targets for the creation of future therapies targeted at gut-brain connections. RESULTS & DISCUSSION: In this situation, modulating the gut microbiota through the administration of fecal microbiota transplants or probiotics may represent a new therapeutic option for this population, not only to treat GI problems but also behavioral problems, given the role that dysbiosis and leaky gut play in many neurological disorders. CONCLUSION: Accurate diagnosis and treatment of co-existing illnesses also require coordination between psychiatrists, neurologists, gastroenterologists, and other specialties, as well as a thorough history and thorough physical examination.
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Ansiedad , Depresión , Enfermedades Gastrointestinales , Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas , Humanos , Depresión/terapia , Enfermedades Gastrointestinales/terapia , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/fisiología , Eje Cerebro-Intestino/fisiología , Tracto GastrointestinalRESUMEN
Cisplatin is an antineoplastic agent used to treat various tumors. In mammals, it can cause nephrotoxicity, tissue damage, and inflammation. The release of inflammatory mediators leads to the recruitment and infiltration of immune cells, particularly neutrophils, at the site of inflammation. Cisplatin is often used as an inducer of acute kidney injury (AKI) in experimental models, including zebrafish (Danio rerio), due to its accumulation in kidney cells. Current protocols in larval zebrafish focus on studying its effect as an AKI inducer but ignore other systematic outcomes. In this study, cisplatin was added directly to the embryonic medium to assess its toxicity and impact on systemic inflammation using locomotor activity analysis, qPCR, microscopy, and flow cytometry. Our data showed that larvae exposed to cisplatin at 7 days post-fertilization (dpf) displayed dose-dependent mortality and morphological changes, leading to a decrease in locomotion speed at 9 dpf. The expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (il)-12, il6, and il8 increased after 48 h of cisplatin exposure. Furthermore, while a decrease in the number of neutrophils was observed in the glomerular region of the pronephros, there was an increase in neutrophils throughout the entire animal after 48 h of cisplatin exposure. We demonstrate that cisplatin can have systemic effects in zebrafish larvae, including morphological and locomotory defects, increased inflammatory cytokines, and migration of neutrophils from the hematopoietic niche to other parts of the body. Therefore, this protocol can be used to induce systemic inflammation in zebrafish larvae for studying new therapies or mechanisms of action involving neutrophils.
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Lesión Renal Aguda , Cisplatino , Animales , Cisplatino/toxicidad , Cisplatino/metabolismo , Pez Cebra , Neutrófilos/metabolismo , Larva , Lesión Renal Aguda/metabolismo , Inflamación/inducido químicamente , Inflamación/metabolismo , Citocinas/metabolismo , MamíferosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: The diuretic and kidney protective effect of the 3-demethyl-2-geranyl-4-prenylbellidifoline (DGP) were evaluated in rats. METHODS: The normotensive (NTR) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) received, once a day for 7 days, oral treatment with DGP (0.1 mg/kg), hydrochlorothiazide (10 mg/kg), or vehicle (10 ml/kg). Urine, blood, and kidney samples were collected for further analysis. KEY FINDINGS: The urine and Na+ elimination content were significantly higher in the groups that received DGP. Furthermore, a Ca2+-sparing action was detected in the urine of DGP-treated groups, which was consistent with the reduction in calcium oxalate crystal formation. Relevantly, the treatment did not change the parameters examined in the blood. Concerning the renal analyses, DGP treatment recovered the morphological damages of the kidney corpuscle area of SHR. In addition to the differences observed between the NTR and SHR vehicle groups, DGP augmented the amount of reduced glutathione and the activity of glutathione S-transferase GST while reducing the catalase and N-acetyl-ß-D-glucosaminidase activity and nitrite levels. CONCLUSION: Together, this study displayed the prolonged diuretic action of DGP and its natriuretic, Ca2+-sparing, and antiurolytic effects. The antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of DGP were evidenced in SHR kidneys, opening perspectives for further studies regarding the benefits of this xanthone.
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Hipertensión , Xantonas , Ratas , Animales , Diuréticos/farmacología , Hipertensión/tratamiento farmacológico , Calcio , Riñón , Ratas Endogámicas SHR , Presión Sanguínea , Xantonas/farmacologíaRESUMEN
This study investigated the effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and silymarin (SIL) in the liver of mice exposed to ethanol and lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Mice were divided into four groups (n = 6): naive, vehicle, NAC (200 mg/kg), and SIL (200 mg/kg). Treatments were given orally (po) once daily for 10 days. Liver injury was induced by administration of ethanol (30%, po) for 10 days, once daily, followed by a single administration of LPS (2 mg/kg, ip) 24 h before euthanasia. After the treatment period, animals were euthanized, and liver and blood samples were collected. NAC, but not SIL, prevented the increase in oxalacetic glutamic transaminase (OGT) and pyruvic glutamic transaminase (PGT) serum levels. NAC and SIL did not restore levels of reduced glutathione or hepatic malonaldehyde. The treatments with NAC or SIL showed no difference in the activity of glutathione S-transferase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase compared to vehicle group. Myeloperoxidase and N-acetylglucosaminidase activities are increased, as well as the IL-6 and IL-10 levels in the liver. The treatment with NAC, but not SIL, reduced the N-acetylglucosamines activity and the IL-6 and IL-10 amount in the liver. Histological findings revealed microsteatosis in the vehicle group, which was not prevented by SIL but was partially reduced in animals receiving NAC. Unlike other liver injury models, NAC (200 mg/kg) or SIL (200 mg/kg) did not positively affect antioxidant patterns in liver tissue of animals exposed to ethanol plus LPS, but NAC treatment displays anti-inflammatory properties in this model.
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Enfermedad Hepática Crónica Inducida por Sustancias y Drogas , Silimarina , Ratones , Animales , Acetilcisteína/farmacología , Silimarina/farmacología , Lipopolisacáridos/toxicidad , Interleucina-10 , Etanol/toxicidad , Enfermedad Hepática Crónica Inducida por Sustancias y Drogas/patología , Interleucina-6/farmacología , Hígado/patología , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Glutatión , Transaminasas/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Resumo: Este estudo avaliou a associação do peso ao nascer, idade gestacional e crescimento intrauterino com a densidade mineral óssea (DMO) aos 22 e 30 anos, nas coortes de nascimentos de 1982 e 1993 de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. A DMO foi medida por absorciometria por raios X com dupla energia (DXA), a associação foi avaliada usando análise de variância e a regressão linear múltipla para o controle de confundimento por: sexo, renda familiar ao nascer, tabagismo materno na gestação, escolaridade materna, cor da pele materna e índice de massa corporal pré-gestacional. Foi testado se a gordura corporal na vida adulta era mediadora da associação analisada, por meio da G-computation Formula. Foram avaliados 6.803 participantes das coortes de 1982 e 1993, aos 30 e 22 anos, respectivamente. O peso ao nascer teve associação com a DMO em todos os sítios, com maior diferença no colo femoral. Os nascidos com menos de 2.000g apresentaram, em média, -0,036g/cm2 (IC95%: -0,064; -0,008) de DMO no colo femoral em comparação àqueles com mais de 3.500g. Aqueles com escore-z de crescimento intrauterino com pelo menos 1,28 desvio padrão abaixo da média apresentaram, em média, -0,013g/cm2 (IC95%: -0,024; -0,002) de DMO na coluna lombar, em relação aos com escore-z acima da média. A análise de mediação mostrou que gordura corporal na idade adulta não mediou a associação. As condições de nascimento foram associadas com a densidade mineral óssea na vida adulta, e a identificação dos fatores precoces relacionados à perda de DMO é essencial devido à inversão demográfica em progresso em países de média e baixa renda.
Abstract: This study assessed the association of birth weight, gestational age, and intrauterine growth with bone mineral density (BMD) at 22 and 30 years of age in the 1982 and 1993 birth cohorts in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. BMD was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and the association was assessed using analysis of variance. Multiple linear regression was used to control for confounding factors: sex; household income at birth; maternal smoking during pregnancy; maternal schooling; maternal ethnicity/skin color; and pre-pregnancy body mass index. The study tested whether body fat in adulthood was a mediator of the association analyzed, using the G-computation Formula. A total of 6,803 participants from the 1982 and 1993 cohorts were evaluated at 30 and 22 years of age, respectively. Birth weight was associated with BMD at all sites, with a greater difference at the femoral neck. Individuals born weighing less than 2,000g had on average -0.036g/cm2 (95%CI: -0.064; -0.008) of BMD in the femoral neck than individuals weighing more than 3,500g. Individuals with an intrauterine growth z-score at least 1.28 standard deviation below the mean had an average of -0.013g/cm2 (95%CI: -0.024; -0.002) of BMD in the lumbar spine compared with individuals with an above-average z-score. The mediation analysis showed that body fat in adulthood did not mediate the association. Birth conditions have been associated with BMD in adulthood and the identification of early factors related to bone loss is essential due to the demographic inversion that has been taking place in low- and middle-income countries.
Resumen: Este estudio evaluó la asociación del peso al nacer, la edad gestacional y el crecimiento intrauterino con la densidad mineral ósea (DMO) a los 22 y 30 años de edad, en las Cohortes de Nacimiento de 1982 y 1993 de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. La DMO se midió mediante absorciometría de rayos X de doble emisión (DXA), y la asociación se evaluó mediante ANOVA y regresión lineal múltiple para controlar la confusión por sexo, ingresos familiares al nacer, tabaquismo materno durante el embarazo, escolaridad materna, color de piel materno e índice de masa corporal antes del embarazo. Se comprobó si la grasa corporal en la edad adulta era un mediador de la asociación analizada, utilizando G-computation Formula. Se evaluaron 6.803 participantes de las cohortes 82 y 93, de 30 y 22 años, respectivamente. El peso al nacer se asoció con la DMO en todos los sitios, con la mayor diferencia en el cuello femoral. Los nacidos con un peso inferior a 2.000g tuvieron una media de -0,036g/cm2 (IC95%: -0,064; -0,008) de DMO en el cuello femoral, que aquellos con más de 3.500g. Aquellos con una puntuación z de crecimiento intrauterino de al menos 1,28 desviaciones estándar por debajo de la media presentaron un promedio de -0,013g/cm2 (IC95%: -0,024; -0,002) de DMO en la columna lumbar, con relación a aquellos con un puntaje z superior a la media. El análisis de mediación mostró que la grasa corporal en la edad adulta no medió la asociación. Las condiciones de nacimiento se asociaron con la DMO en la edad adulta, y la identificación temprana de factores relacionados con la pérdida de DMO es esencial debido a la inversión demográfica que ha estado ocurriendo en los países de ingresos medios y bajos.
RESUMEN
A Psicologia Organizacional e do Trabalho (POT) é permeada por uma série de julgamentos negativos e estigmas, principalmente acerca de seu papel intermediador de relações de exploração sofridas pelo trabalhador. Investigar as percepções que graduandos têm sobre a área pode trazer acesso ao que há de central entre as diversas formas de pensar o tema. Este trabalho buscou analisar as percepções de 100 graduandos de duas instituições de ensino superior (IES) do Centro-Oeste Paulista, uma pública e outra privada, acerca da importância da atuação do psicólogo em POT e o interesse desses discentes em atuarem futuramente na área, estabelecendo uma comparação entre os resultados com base nas IES e entre primeiro e quinto ano da graduação. Os graduandos responderam a dois questionários estruturados com perguntas abertas e fechadas. Os resultados apontaram uma maior valorização da área de POT na IES privada e no quinto ano. A maioria dos discentes do primeiro ano de graduação apresentou pouco conhecimento sobre a POT. Os estudantes da IES privada apresentaram maior interesse em atuar na área do que os discentes da IES pública. Quando perguntados se houve uma mudança de opinião após a realização das disciplinas, 49 alunos do quinto ano responderam positivamente e apenas um respondeu negativamente. As respostas dissertativas se dividiram entre visões positivas, neutras e negativas sobre a POT. Os resultados permitiram avaliação das percepções da POT entre os graduandos, bem como das transformações ocorridas pelo impacto das experiências acadêmicas vivenciadas.(AU)
Organizational and Work Psychology (OWP) is permeated by a series of negative judgments and stigmas, mainly about its role as an intermediary of relations exploiting workers. Investigating the perceptions undergraduates have about it can bring access to what is central among the different ways of thinking about the subject. This study sought to analyze the perceptions of 100 undergraduates from two higher education institutions (HEIs), one public and private in Midwestern São Paulo about the importance of psychologists' role in OWP and their interest in working in the area in the future, comparing the results per HEI and between the first and fifth year of graduation. Graduates answered two structured questionnaires with open and closed questions. Results pointed to a greater appreciation of OWP in the private HEI and in the fifth year. Most first-year undergraduate students had little knowledge about OWP. Students from the private HEI took greater interest in working in the area than students from the public HEI. When asked if taking the courses changed their opinions, 49 students responded positively and only one negatively. Participants' responses were divided into positive, neutra,l and negative views about OWP. Results evaluated the perceptions on OWP in undergraduates the changes due to the impact of academic experiences.(AU)
La Psicología Organizacional y Laboral (POT) está permeada por una serie de juicios negativos y estigmas, principalmente sobre su papel como intermediaria de las relaciones de explotación laboral. Investigar las percepciones que los estudiantes tienen sobre este campo puede brindar acceso a lo que es central entre las diferentes formas de pensar sobre el tema. Este estudio buscó analizar las percepciones de 100 graduandos de dos instituciones de educación superior (IES), una pública y otra privada, del medio oeste de São Paulo, acerca de la importancia del rol del psicólogo en POT y del interés por actuar en el área, estableciendo una comparación entre los resultados por tipo de IES y período del curso (el primer y quinto año de grado). Los graduandos respondieron a dos cuestionarios estructurados con preguntas abiertas y cerradas. Los resultados apuntan a una mayor valoración de POT en las IES privadas y en el quinto año. La mayoría de los estudiantes de primer año tenían poco conocimiento sobre POT. Los estudiantes de la IES privada estaban más interesados en trabajar en el área que los estudiantes de la IES pública. Cuando se les preguntó si hubo un cambio de opinión luego de cursar las asignaturas, 49 estudiantes del quinto año respondieron positivamente y solo uno respondió negativamente. Las respuestas del ensayo se dividieron en puntos de vista positivos, neutrales y negativos sobre POT. Los resultados permitieron evaluar las percepciones de POT entre los graduandos, así como evaluar los cambios ocurridos por el impacto de las experiencias académicas.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Enseñanza , Universidades , Trabajo , Creación de Capacidad , Organización y Administración , Innovación Organizacional , Escalas de Valoración Psiquiátrica Breve , Percepción , Selección de Personal , Psicología , Problemas Sociales , Estudiantes , Tecnología , Selección de Profesión , Cultura Organizacional , Organizaciones , Salud Laboral , Negociación , Gestión de la Calidad Total , Eficiencia Organizacional , Eficiencia , Empatía , Recursos Humanos , Compromiso Laboral , Bienestar Psicológico , Eficacia Colectiva , Condiciones de Trabajo , Juicio , Liderazgo , Motivación , Grupos ProfesionalesRESUMEN
Most COVID-19 survivors have reported experiencing persistent symptoms after the infection - these types of cases are known as long COVID. Since Brazil was an epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic, a high burden of long COVID is expected. This study aimed to identify the prevalence and factors associated with long COVID in adults in Southern Brazil, analyzing data from the PAMPA cohort. Participants filled out a self-reported online questionnaire in June 2022. This study only included subjects who tested positive for COVID-19. Long COVID was defined by any symptoms that persisted for at least three months after the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Poisson's regression models with robust variance were used to identify factors associated with long COVID; and results were reported as prevalence ratios (PR) and respective 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). A total of 1,001 participants (77.4% women, mean age [SD] = 38.3 [11.9] years) were analyzed. The prevalence of long COVID among these patients was 77.4% (95%CI: 74.7; 79.9). The likelihood of long COVID was higher in unvaccinated participants (PR = 1.23, 95%CI: 1.06; 1.42), in those with chronic conditions (PR = 1.13, 95%CI: 1.04; 1.24), and in those who were hospitalized due to the COVID-19 infection (PR = 1.24, 95%CI: 1.16; 1.32). This prevalence was also higher in women (PR = 1.21, 95%CI: 1.09; 1.33) than in men. Physical activity was associated with a reduced likelihood of fatigue, neurological complications, coughing, and headaches as persistent symptoms after a COVID-19 infection. It was found that three out of four adults in Southern Brazil experienced long COVID. Public policies aiming to reduce the burden of long COVID must be prioritized, especially in groups that are at higher risk of developing this harmful condition.
Asunto(s)
COVID-19 , Síndrome Post Agudo de COVID-19 , Adulto , Masculino , Humanos , Femenino , Niño , COVID-19/epidemiología , Brasil/epidemiología , Pandemias , Prevalencia , SARS-CoV-2RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Previous studies indicate the renal vasodilating effects of boldine, an alkaloid found in Peumus boldus. However, its potential to induce diuresis still needs to be studied. METHODS: Wistar rats were used and the urine volume was noted for 8 h and further studied. RESULTS: The acute treatment at 0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg of boldine showed a diuretic, natriuretic, and Ca2+-sparing effect in rats without changing the urinary elimination of K+and Cl-. When boldine was given in combination with hydrochlorothiazide, there was an increase in urinary volume compared to the vehicle group. However, this was not different from the treatments in its isolated form. Urine Ca2+values ââremained low but were not enhanced by this association. The excretion of Na+and Cl- was significantly increased compared to the group that received only vehicle or boldine. On the other hand, although the association of amiloride plus boldine did not result in a diuretic effect, the increase in Na+and the reduction in K+excretion were significantly potentiated. Furthermore, in the presence of the non-selective muscarinic receptor antagonist atropine, boldine showed reduced capacity to increase urinary volume, maintaining the natriuretic and Ca2+-sparing effect, besides a very evident K+-sparing action. Similar results were obtained in the presence of the non-selective cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin. Furthermore, boldine showed an ex vivo antiurolithiasis activity, reducing calcium oxalate's precipitation and crystallization. CONCLUSIONS: This study reveals the diuretic, natriuretic, Ca2+-sparing, and antiurolithiatic effects of boldine, an action possibly related to muscarinic receptor activation and prostanoid generation.
Asunto(s)
Aporfinas , Diuréticos , Ratas , Animales , Diuréticos/farmacología , Calcio , Ratas Wistar , Aporfinas/farmacología , Sodio , Receptores MuscarínicosRESUMEN
Plectranthus barbatus, popularly known as Brazilian boldo, is used in Brazilian folk medicine to treat cardiovascular disorders including hypertension. This study investigated the chemical profile by UFLC-DAD-MS and the relaxant effect by using an isolated organ bath of the hydroethanolic extract of P. barbatus (HEPB) leaves on the aorta of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). A total of nineteen compounds were annotated from HEPB, and the main metabolite classes found were flavonoids, diterpenoids, cinnamic acid derivatives, and organic acids. The HEPB promoted an endothelium-dependent vasodilator effect (~100%; EC50 ~347.10 µg/mL). Incubation of L-NAME (a nonselective nitric oxide synthase inhibitor; EC50 ~417.20 µg/mL), ODQ (a selective inhibitor of the soluble guanylate cyclase enzyme; EC50 ~426.00 µg/mL), propranolol (a nonselective α-adrenergic receptor antagonist; EC50 ~448.90 µg/mL), or indomethacin (a nonselective cyclooxygenase enzyme inhibitor; EC50 ~398.70 µg/mL) could not significantly affect the relaxation evoked by HEPB. However, in the presence of atropine (a nonselective muscarinic receptor antagonist), there was a slight reduction in its vasorelaxant effect (EC50 ~476.40 µg/mL). The addition of tetraethylammonium (a blocker of Ca2+-activated K+ channels; EC50 ~611.60 µg/mL) or 4-aminopyridine (a voltage-dependent K+ channel blocker; EC50 ~380.50 µg/mL) significantly reduced the relaxation effect of the extract without the interference of glibenclamide (an ATP-sensitive K+ channel blocker; EC50 ~344.60 µg/mL) or barium chloride (an influx rectifying K+ channel blocker; EC50 ~360.80 µg/mL). The extract inhibited the contractile response against phenylephrine, CaCl2, KCl, or caffeine, similar to the results obtained with nifedipine (voltage-dependent calcium channel blocker). Together, the HEPB showed a vasorelaxant effect on the thoracic aorta of SHR, exclusively dependent on the endothelium with the participation of muscarinic receptors and K+ and Ca2+ channels.